# All Questions

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### Differential Privacy and appropriate noise distribution

In differential privacy solutions and more specifically for queries that they do entail counting the proposed solutions define the laplace distribution that is best calibrated for low error. Other ...
35 views

### Why should I use X.509 Authentication over PKC based Authentication?

So I have two examples and I don't understand why one would be chosen over the other. Example 1. A sends EPUb[r1] to B (asks B to prove knowledge of ...
37 views

### Feldman's VSSS: Showing the Correctness of shares that are Consistent

This is something with which I am struggling to get my head around. In Feldman's VSSS, I am aware that the Dealer broadcasts exponentials $a_{1},...,a_{t-1}$ of the secret $K$ and the coefficients ...
27 views

### Problems in the results of NIST PNRG suite

I am a beginner in the field of cryptography.I have problems interpreting the NIST (sts-2.1.2) suite results. After running the statistics with 100 samples (each sample of 1000000 byte length) a new ...
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### Epsilon Differential privacy using laplace distribution

Given Database X={x_1 ,x_2 ,...X_n} where x_i represent a bit Let f(x) = Sum x_i for 1 <= i <= n Let Y ~laplace(1/(epsilon)) I succeeded proving that Mechanisms: M1(x)= Y-f(x) and M2(x)= ...
77 views

### RSA signing security

I'm curious about the security of RSA signing with the same public private key pair when the same message is sent multiple times. It's my understanding that once you generate the hash of the message ...
56 views

### Exploration of Blum Micali Security By Seed Size

I'm new to cryptography and am most intrigued by mathematically based pseudo random number generators. With reference to the Blum Micali algorithm: $X_{i+1} = G^{X_i} \bmod P$ can security be ...
62 views

### How can I implement modulo 2^32? [closed]

Please can anyone explain this operation and how can I get the value of W? Note: ...
162 views

### Public key encryption and big files with NaCL

I am trying to encrypt big files using NaCL (actually PyNaCL) - see http://nacl.cr.yp.to/box.html After reading some docs, I came up with this prototype : Bob wants to send a big file to Sarah. They ...
20 views

### EncFS - Folder Name Change and lose access [closed]

I have a folder, "ABC-encrypted", in dropbox, I was using BoxCryptor, I then decrypted these files while offline, then re-encrypted using EncFS4win and password "DEF", then synced with dropbox. I ...
72 views

### Updating the secret key used for HMAC

I am designing a distributed system, composed by a set of physically distributed embedded devices (8 bit cores with less than 1 KB of RAM). The devices need to be able to authenticate the originator ...
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### Find a key having a cipher and plain text [closed]

I have this cipher: WBIdR2EkBUNFd3l2QVdE and I know that it equals 60. The plain text is always a number. I can provide infinite amount of known-plaintext combinations. How do I crack this cipher?
47 views

### Verifying identity using a sha-1 hash

I was reading http://blog.zorinaq.com/?e=74 which is about a Windows kernel developer. The developer proves that he is an actual developer by posting the SHA1 hash of a particular revision of a file. ...
53 views

### Performing HMAC with random key before MAC comparison

In Laravel (a PHP framework) I can see that they calculate a HMAC with a random key over the final HMAC before comparison. This additional HMAC calculation is of course performed for both the ...
76 views

### What if OT breaks in Yao's garbled circuit?

Two semi-honest parties are computing F with Yao's garbled circuit. Sender garbles it with his inputs baked in then sends it to the receiver. At this point the receiver must use OT to get his keys. ...
50 views

### How to implement HMAC SHA-256

I am trying to figure out how the HMAC SHA-256 hashing algorithm works. I know that we have to use the following: H (K ^ opad)|| H ((K ^ ipad)|| text)). The ...
101 views

### open source whitebox-crypto implementation

I am trying to code a simple WBC situation to help my understanding about white-box cryptography. Details: I have 2 programs, a "server" and a "client", the server utilises caesar cipher (key = 2) ...
24 views

### Equality of commitments to group elements and exponents in Groth-Sahai proofs

In Groth-Sahai NIZK proof system, is it possible to show the equality of commitments to group elements and exponents without opening them? Assume, the group involved here is $\mathbb{Z_p}$, i.e. the ...
70 views

### What are the current limitations (and capabilities) of Functional Encryption used for access control?

I'm trying to make my way in Functional Encryption used for access control. I read a lot of papers such as "How to Run Turing Machines on Encrypted Data", "Functional Encryption: New Perspectives and ...
28 views

### Generate address with RSA private key [closed]

Can I generate a bitcoin address with my RSA private key? Explain also how and why.
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### How does SafeNet MobilePASS generate passwords? (TOTP Variant)

This question is similar to How does SafeNet MobilePASS generate passwords? The question and answer there is related to the HMAC Variant of SafeNet Mobilepass. I'm looking for details on the TOTP ...
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### Can AES in CCM or GCM counter mode interoperate with AES in “plain” counter mode (CTR)?

I am exploring the use of Windows CNG to replace some OpenSSL-based code that takes advantage of AES in counter mode. From the outside, everything should look the same after the switch. The section ...
80 views

### Comparison among algorithm based on key length

Some months ago I found in some paper that we cannot compare symmetric algorithm with asymmetric algorithm based on the key length and more important we cannot compare asymmetric algorithm using only ...
61 views

### Build set with PKI from reliable broadcast / random beacon

I am trying to build a protocol (or find an existing one) for creating a set $S_2$ with PKI from a set of parties $S_1$ that initially does not know anything about the other parties. We assume ...
42 views

### Pollard's Rho - Restricting the random function to the exponents

Pollard's Rho is usually constructed using a function $f:G \rightarrow G$ which behaves 'random enough' in order to detect a collision with Floyd's cycle detection trick. It is easy enough to observe, ...
144 views

### Abstracting primitives and modes of operation

I am developing a symmetric crypto library and have reached a roadblock. Looking at block ciphers, it is quite obvious that all block ciphers are trivially abstractable as a simple primitive ...
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coded text: ij gj hnev xudmyx hn igim umif obaxidyw kxzq si the key is JULIET, but i cannot figure out how it is used. Any help would be awesome!
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### Help converting sha256 to 32-bit stream

I need some help with hash value calculation. I am a bit confused by this statement that I found on w3 website on calculation of a DigestValue for xmldsig ( ...
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### Clarifying parts of the programming code in Timing Attack on AES

I am trying to understand the code of Bernstein in this paper, specifically, the code of Appendix: server.c. I need some help for understanding the following lines: ­ ...
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### Is ASCON cipher broken?

http://eprint.iacr.org/2015/030 present several attacks of ASCON but does not have a conclusion section. I'm having troubles estimating what are the consequences on the use of ASCON. What's your ...
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### What cryptanalysis is possible against two independent keystreams XORed against plaintext?

If a wise person was unsure about which commercial cryptography standards are truly secure from the fascist powers that be, it would seem the obvious option for companies and individuals is to now use ...
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### How does bitmessage encryption work?

I have been reading around protocol specification and there is either too much technical detail or too bad articles on various sites. I need you to explain in simple words how encryption in ...
72 views

### Formal security of recycled random blinding in a Paillier scheme

This question is a follow-up/variant on a previous question. Supposing that we are trying to generate a large number of (indistinguishable) ciphertexts of a given plaintext and want to avoid the ...
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### How does multi platform encrypted cloud storage work?

I'm really interested in end-to-end encrypted cloud storage and couldn't find out how following scenario could work: A user of a cloud provider which provides zero-knowledge-authentication (like for ...
99 views

### What kind of attack does the current brokenness of SHA-1 allow?

I understand that the following is becoming feasible, or already is: Find any 2 data (d1 and d2), for which SHA1(d1) = SHA1(d2) However, it is not entirely clear ...
52 views

### RSA public key exponent generation confusion

Quote from Wiki: $e$ having a short bit-length and small Hamming weight results in more efficient encryption — most commonly $2^{16} + 1 = 65537$. However, much smaller values of $e$ (such as $3$) ...
88 views

### Possible to use an accumulator to “license” or restrict the qty of certificates being used?

Suppose in a future version of x509 PKI, it is possible to limit the quantity of certificates being used, what would that look like? Here is a concept that won't work in the real world, but ...
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### Nonces being used in SSL and MAC to prevent replay attacks

I'm a bit confused in the way nonces are used in these processes to prevent replay attacks. Heres How I think it works during SSL: Nonces are exchanged during stage one of the handshake protocol. ...
120 views

### Montgomery Algorithm

I'm trying to undestand how it works and how to implement the algo described in this paper. The paper shows a methods to compute a modular multiplication where it is used multiplier with a resolution ...
218 views

### Is double hashing collision resistant?

Double hashing can surely provide more security than only one layer of hashing but does that necessarily mean it is more collision resistant? This question in a more mathematical form: If $H$ is a ...
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### Unbreakable code and mathematical impossibility

Is an unbreakable code mathematically possible , considering a code with finite number of characters but has infinite combinations , using brute force is it not compulsory that the correct code be ...
62 views

### Is RSA with SHA1 broken?

I am using CryptSignMessage to sign a string/file. Is using RSASha1 insecure? I know Sha1 is broken as a hashing algorithm, but does that also mean that using it for signing with RSA is broken?
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### Confused with the role of AES round keys

AES works when each plaintext block is arranged in a 4x4 array of bytes called states. State goes through 10 rounds of encryption consisting of 4 operations: bytesub, shiftrow, mix columns and add ...
108 views

### What cryptography is suitable to motivate High School students to learn math?

A High School math teacher in the Bronx asked me if I knew of any way to use cryptography in a way that motivates students (15 to 18 years old) to learn math. I do know that many of them want to ...
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### TimeStamp in Cache-time attacks on AES [closed]

I have recently read about AES cache timing attacks. More specifically, I read Daniel Bernstein paper Cache-timing attacks on AES. I have a question about the code in Appendix A: ...
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### Specification of the Megamos crypto algorithm

It has recently emerged that a paper that was scheduled to appear at Usenix Security 2013, titled "Dismantling Megamos Crypto: Wirelessly Lockpicking a Vehicle Immobiliser", has been censored ...
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### PKI Infrastructure

I've got a very simple but for me a difficult question. I analyzed the public key cryptography and understand the process. But I didn't understand why is only the receiver able to decrypt to message. ...
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### Programming language for modular arithmetic over large numbers [closed]

I'am trying to implement algorithms on integer factorization.This involves dealing with integers of 200-500 digits and doing modular arithmetic over them.Which programming language has inbuilt support ...
A secure and somewhat fast way to "re-encrypt" (refresh? anonymise?) a Paillier ciphertext, $c$, is to multiply it by an exponentiated random value: $c \gets c \cdot r^n \mod n^2$ (with \$r \in ...