# All Questions

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### Paillier can add and multiply, why is it only partially homomorphic?

I've seen that it's widely accepted that before Gentry's breakthrough (which is not practical yet) in 2009 there were no known full homomorphic encryption scheme. I've read here in another answer ...
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### Playfair Cipher + Vigenere Cipher?

I'm researching cryptography for a school project, came across the above two ciphers, and something occurred to me. Would combining these two schemes give a considerably stronger encryption than ...
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### Encrypt-Mix-Encrypt: Full Diffusion?

I've read "A Parallelizable Enciphering Mode" by Halevi and Rogaway about the encrypt-mix-encrypt mode for ciphers and was asking myself if this mode provides "full" diffusion. So if an attacker ...
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### search of patterns in key schedules

I am developing a new key schedule, and there is this article (Enhanced Key Expansion for AES-256 by Using Even-Odd Method) where the authors also propose a new algorithm and one of the objectives is ...
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### Permuting Small Sized Set in Practice

Imagine we have a set $S$ of $m$ elements and we wants to permutes the set elements. Thus the original position of each element should be unknown after permuting. If we define a permutation function ...
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### Is there a signature scheme for the Cramer-Shoup cryptosystem?

I have a project that I have to use cryptosystem and signature scheme for it. I've read about Cramer-Shoup cryptosystem and I want to use it since it is more secure the ElGamal cryptosystem, but, I ...
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### Reduction to cdp,dl or cdh?

Assuming a randomize encoding scheme that takes as input a secret key $\mathsf{sk} \in \mathbb{Z}_p$ for a large prime number $p$. Then the algorithm outputs $g^{\mathsf{sk}x}, x \in \mathbb{Z}_p^*$. ...
165 views

### Factorize RSA knowing several N and E

I did a CRT challenge yesterday and theres one problem I was unable to solve, probably due to my lack of understanding advanced crypto math. Its about RSA. There are ten given pairs of N and E ...
102 views

### PGP public RSA key format

I have been trying to use Go (I could post the code, but I think I posted enough already...) to generate a PGP RSA key. However every time I try to encrypt something with it, something fails. However, ...
33 views

### Ephemeral key is held constant in ElGamal

Is there a known algorithm to recover the sender's messages in ElGamal $\mathbb{F}_p^*$ if the ephemeral key is held constant in two or more transmissions, assuming the messages are always distinct? ...
191 views

### Do Gap-CDH groups exist?

A Gap-CDH group is such that, given group elements $g, a = g^x, b = g^y$, it is hard to compute $g^{xy}$, but, given a group element $c$, easy to verify if $c = g^{xy}$. While such groups have been ...
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### Is it possible to break enigma code with a todays laptop [closed]

I have a 500 characters enigma encoded text. Random rotors were used (not the ones from wikipedia). I know of this flaw. I can guess some words that sould be in the text, but this probably doesn't ...
2k views

### Can you explain Bleichenbacher's CCA attack on PKCS#1 v1.5?

I've studied that the Bleichenbacher's CCA attack on PKCS#1 v1.5. is a base to many versions of attacks in the area. I'm trying to understand that attack, but every explanation I saw starts with the ...
161 views

### Fast attack on approximate GCD problem?

This question is about the approximate GCD problem which is defined as follows: Given any number of the approximate multiples $a_i = p \cdot q_i + r_i$ of $p$, where $p$, $q_i$ and $r_i$ are integers, ...
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### CPA-security of a pseudorandom permutation encryption scheme

Let $F$ be a pseudorandom permutation, and define a fixed-length encryption scheme $(Gen, Enc, Dec)$ as follows: on input $m \in$ $\{0,1\}^{n/2}$ and key $k \in \{0,1\}^n$, algorithm Enc ...
163 views

### Can a 1 byte difference in AES 128 bit keys make huge difference in output?

If we take some randomly generated key of AES-128 and we change any random 1 byte of that 16 byte key, will this make huge difference in the AES cipher text generated over same input string? Does ...
180 views

### Regular MACs vs Carter-Wegman MAC

Carter-Wegman MAC variants (VMAC, UMAC etc) are known to be very fast and efficient when compared to MAC algorithms that are based on block ciphers and compression functions (like HMAC, CMAC etc). ...
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### Secure ElGamal with OAEP

Is it possible to make ElGamal IND-CCA2 using OAEP or OAEP+? (OAEP+ from: "OAEP Reconsiderd" by Shoup) The reason I ask is that I recently answered this question and it came to my mind that OAEP or ...
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### Terminology: differences between the terms “pre-master secret”, “master secret”, “private key”, and “shared secret”?

Both crypto.SE and security.SE have excellent Q&As about how TLS generates session keys (I have linked some at the bottom). In reading these threads I'm having troubles with terminology since the ...
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### Collision or second preimage for the ChaCha core?

Daniel J. Bernstein's ChaCha core is an evolution of the Salsa20 core. Both are functions over the set of 512-bit bitstrings, partitioned as sixteen 32-bit words. Can we exhibit collisions, or ...
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### How to generate own secure elliptic curves?

I know that the algorithm used to generate the Brainpool curves and the NIST curves is published. The algorithm should be this one (RFC5639 Appendix A). From what it looks like it's rather slow to ...
19 views

### Why is Chrome saying that “TLS_RSA_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA (0x2f)” is an obsolete cipher suite? [migrated]

When I go to this site, Chrome Version 44.0.2403.89 is connecting to the server with TLS_RSA_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA (0x2f), and it states that this is an "obsolete cipher suite". For what reason is it ...
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### Favor hash size or field size when systems are disparate?

I'm working on an implementation of Krawczyk's Hashed MQV (HMQV). I'm using Crypto++, which is a C++ library. C++ has some features where classes that represent the crypto objects can be combined ...