All Questions

53 views

Performing HMAC with random key before MAC comparison

In Laravel (a PHP framework) I can see that they calculate a HMAC with a random key over the final HMAC before comparison. This additional HMAC calculation is of course performed for both the ...
24 views

Equality of commitments to group elements and exponents in Groth-Sahai proofs

In Groth-Sahai NIZK proof system, is it possible to show the equality of commitments to group elements and exponents without opening them? Assume, the group involved here is $\mathbb{Z_p}$, i.e. the ...
52 views

How to implement HMAC SHA-256

I am trying to figure out how the HMAC SHA-256 hashing algorithm works. I know that we have to use the following: H (K ^ opad)|| H ((K ^ ipad)|| text)). The ...
48 views

Verifying identity using a sha-1 hash

I was reading http://blog.zorinaq.com/?e=74 which is about a Windows kernel developer. The developer proves that he is an actual developer by posting the SHA1 hash of a particular revision of a file. ...
78 views

What if OT breaks in Yao's garbled circuit?

Two semi-honest parties are computing F with Yao's garbled circuit. Sender garbles it with his inputs baked in then sends it to the receiver. At this point the receiver must use OT to get his keys. ...
79 views

RSA signing security

I'm curious about the security of RSA signing with the same public private key pair when the same message is sent multiple times. It's my understanding that once you generate the hash of the message ...
45 views

Pollard's Rho - Restricting the random function to the exponents

Pollard's Rho is usually constructed using a function $f:G \rightarrow G$ which behaves 'random enough' in order to detect a collision with Floyd's cycle detection trick. It is easy enough to observe, ...
57 views

Exploration of Blum Micali Security By Seed Size

I'm new to cryptography and am most intrigued by mathematically based pseudo random number generators. With reference to the Blum Micali algorithm: $X_{i+1} = G^{X_i} \bmod P$ can security be ...
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coded text: ij gj hnev xudmyx hn igim umif obaxidyw kxzq si the key is JULIET, but i cannot figure out how it is used. Any help would be awesome!
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Help converting sha256 to 32-bit stream

I need some help with hash value calculation. I am a bit confused by this statement that I found on w3 website on calculation of a DigestValue for xmldsig ( ...
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Clarifying parts of the programming code in Timing Attack on AES

I am trying to understand the code of Bernstein in this paper, specifically, the code of Appendix: server.c. I need some help for understanding the following lines: ­ ...
68 views

Is ASCON cipher broken?

http://eprint.iacr.org/2015/030 present several attacks of ASCON but does not have a conclusion section. I'm having troubles estimating what are the consequences on the use of ASCON. What's your ...
51 views

How does bitmessage encryption work?

I have been reading around protocol specification and there is either too much technical detail or too bad articles on various sites. I need you to explain in simple words how encryption in ...
48 views

How does multi platform encrypted cloud storage work?

I'm really interested in end-to-end encrypted cloud storage and couldn't find out how following scenario could work: A user of a cloud provider which provides zero-knowledge-authentication (like for ...
54 views

RSA public key exponent generation confusion

Quote from Wiki: $e$ having a short bit-length and small Hamming weight results in more efficient encryption — most commonly $2^{16} + 1 = 65537$. However, much smaller values of $e$ (such as $3$) ...
123 views

Can AES in CCM or GCM counter mode interoperate with AES in “plain” counter mode (CTR)?

I am exploring the use of Windows CNG to replace some OpenSSL-based code that takes advantage of AES in counter mode. From the outside, everything should look the same after the switch. The section ...
162 views

Public key encryption and big files with NaCL

I am trying to encrypt big files using NaCL (actually PyNaCL) - see http://nacl.cr.yp.to/box.html After reading some docs, I came up with this prototype : Bob wants to send a big file to Sarah. They ...
35 views

Nonces being used in SSL and MAC to prevent replay attacks

I'm a bit confused in the way nonces are used in these processes to prevent replay attacks. Heres How I think it works during SSL: Nonces are exchanged during stage one of the handshake protocol. ...
53 views

Unbreakable code and mathematical impossibility

Is an unbreakable code mathematically possible , considering a code with finite number of characters but has infinite combinations , using brute force is it not compulsory that the correct code be ...
103 views

open source whitebox-crypto implementation

I am trying to code a simple WBC situation to help my understanding about white-box cryptography. Details: I have 2 programs, a "server" and a "client", the server utilises caesar cipher (key = 2) ...
64 views

Is RSA with SHA1 broken?

I am using CryptSignMessage to sign a string/file. Is using RSASha1 insecure? I know Sha1 is broken as a hashing algorithm, but does that also mean that using it for signing with RSA is broken?
36 views

Confused with the role of AES round keys

AES works when each plaintext block is arranged in a 4x4 array of bytes called states. State goes through 10 rounds of encryption consisting of 4 operations: bytesub, shiftrow, mix columns and add ...
45 views

PKI Infrastructure

I've got a very simple but for me a difficult question. I analyzed the public key cryptography and understand the process. But I didn't understand why is only the receiver able to decrypt to message. ...
25 views

TimeStamp in Cache-time attacks on AES [closed]

I have recently read about AES cache timing attacks. More specifically, I read Daniel Bernstein paper Cache-timing attacks on AES. I have a question about the code in Appendix A: ...
100 views

What kind of attack does the current brokenness of SHA-1 allow?

I understand that the following is becoming feasible, or already is: Find any 2 data (d1 and d2), for which SHA1(d1) = SHA1(d2) However, it is not entirely clear ...
71 views

What are the current limitations (and capabilities) of Functional Encryption used for access control?

I'm trying to make my way in Functional Encryption used for access control. I read a lot of papers such as "How to Run Turing Machines on Encrypted Data", "Functional Encryption: New Perspectives and ...
159 views

Hash which can be used to verify one of multiple inputs?

Is there a hash function H1 which, when given inputs a, b, etc., produces output ...
73 views

Formal security of recycled random blinding in a Paillier scheme

This question is a follow-up/variant on a previous question. Supposing that we are trying to generate a large number of (indistinguishable) ciphertexts of a given plaintext and want to avoid the ...
73 views

Updating the secret key used for HMAC

I am designing a distributed system, composed by a set of physically distributed embedded devices (8 bit cores with less than 1 KB of RAM). The devices need to be able to authenticate the originator ...
46 views

How bad would it be to reuse the random blinding factor in a scheme like Paillier?

A secure and somewhat fast way to "re-encrypt" (refresh? anonymise?) a Paillier ciphertext, $c$, is to multiply it by an exponentiated random value: $c \gets c \cdot r^n \mod n^2$ (with \$r \in ...
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Key Recovery Smart-Vercauteren SWHE

In the article (https://eprint.iacr.org/2009/571.pdf, pag 8) of Smart and Vercauteren, it is mentioned that the recovery of the private key is an instance of the small principal ideal problem. But I ...
46 views

white-box cryptography and its applications [closed]

I am a programmer who is doing research into whitebox cryptography. What I hope to do is to use WBC for an DRM application however as some of us may know, WBC is theoretically impossible therefore I ...
64 views

Programming language for modular arithmetic over large numbers [closed]

I'am trying to implement algorithms on integer factorization.This involves dealing with integers of 200-500 digits and doing modular arithmetic over them.Which programming language has inbuilt support ...
105 views

What cryptanalysis is possible against two independent keystreams XORed against plaintext?

If a wise person was unsure about which commercial cryptography standards are truly secure from the fascist powers that be, it would seem the obvious option for companies and individuals is to now use ...
51 views

If the ciphertext of Goldwasser-Micali has been falsified, what is the plaintext after decryption?

Alice encrypts 0 using Goldwasser-Micali encryption scheme and sends the ciphertext to Bob. If some bits are flipped during the transmission, what can Bob get after decrytpion. Can Bob get 1 with a ...
65 views

Simplifying the zero-knowledge proof example? [duplicate]

There is this http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zero-knowledge_proof#Abstract_example. Now I'm curious about this. Why is it not possible for Victor to stand at the entrance and watch Peggy take one path ...
8 views

Has the POODLE SSL vulnerability ever actually been used? [migrated]

Is there any evidence that the the POODLE SSL or TLS has actually been proven to be a risk for file transfer like SecureFTP etc...? ...or is it just a theoretical exposure?
116 views

Factors of RSA modulus

In the article A Method for Obtaining Digital Signatures and Public-Key Cryptosystems, the original RSA article, it is mentioned that Miller has shown that n (the modulus) can be factored using any ...
61 views

Combining a keystream generator with a block cipher

I understand that: A stream cipher's security is diluted if the same key is used more than once. This is fixed by using an additional initialization vector in the keystream's computation. A block ...
26 views

How to find the factors of the modulus? [duplicate]

In the article "A Method for Obtaining Digital Signatures and Public-Key Cryptosystems", the original RSA article, it is mentioned that Miller has shown that n (the modulus) can be factored using any ...
37 views

ASN.1 encoding off RSASSA-PSS default parameters

I am not totally sure the question belongs to crypto and not stackoverflow but nevertheless... The problem is the encoding of the RSASSA-PSS default algorithm identifier parameters in an X509 ...
68 views

The perfect way of using IV in CTR mode

I understand that it is necessary to use the same IV for both encryption and decryption in the CTR mode. I'm thinking about the case when I concatenate the secret ...
48 views

What is the importance of adding round key in AES

I know this may not be the place to ask this but I have found it difficult to find an answer to this question. I know the steps of the AES encryption algorithm but I am finding it difficult to ...
83 views

Comparison among algorithm based on key length

Some months ago I found in some paper that we cannot compare symmetric algorithm with asymmetric algorithm based on the key length and more important we cannot compare asymmetric algorithm using only ...
199 views

Difference between Hash function and Random Oracle

Going through the blog post, I was under the impression that any cryptographic scheme which makes use of hash function is said to be using random oracle. But, I have come across one construction of ...
72 views

Automated testing of cipher security for import/export compliance [closed]

What do we know about systems that automatically test and grade cipher security. The application in mind would be for checking for compliance with import/export regulations. I imagine a system that ...
36 views

Can one deduce the symmetric key size used to encrypt a given a piece of ciphertext?

Assume an attacker captures a piece of ciphertext encrypted with a symmetric key. He knows all the details of the algorithm used to encrypt except for the size of the key used in this case. Can he ...
27 views

Integrity protection in wireless sensor networks [closed]

I have done a lab about wireless sensor nodes and got in touch with encryption for the very first time. There are some questions on my sheet, especially on integrity protection (the attacker wants to ...