# All Questions

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### About Elliptic Curve ElGamal, 3 simple problems I have trouble with

In Elliptic Curve ElGamal, why are a=b=1 always legal for primes whose lengths are no shorter than 11(2) bits long? Is there any reason why the Point at Infinity can always be encoded as (0,0)? ...
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### Factoring large numbers

I am trying to factor few integers that are each between 115 and 135 digits long. I have just, little over a month ago, began my study of Cryptography. I was wondering if anyone knew of any efficient ...
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### How to develop a public key cryptosystem based on a hard problem?

Recently, I found a function that is performed on a sequence to return another sequence. All known algorithms for finding the input, given the output are of exponential complexity. I want to propose ...
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### Can you help me understand this strange implication direction in security reduction for OAEP 3-round?

I'm reading the paper OAEP 3-round, where they introduce a 3-round version of the OAEP (which originally used only two rounds). However, in their security statement for this construction (Theorem 4 ...
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### Can keys from Bitcoin's Hierarchical Deterministic Wallets be correlated (reducing privacy)?

I'm trying to understand if the feature "Hierarchical Deterministic Wallets" in Bitcoin allows for complete privacy of all derived keys, and if any of those keys can be associated with each other ...
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### Diffie-Hellman exchange

So for a Diffie-Hellman problem, I am given the prime $p$ for the Diffie-Hellman exchange. I am also given $g$, secret number for machine as $A$, secret number for station as $B$, a Diffie-Hellman ...
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### Protocol/algorithms based on a variable-length input PRF

Are the proofs based on a PRF assumption still valid when using a variable-length input PRF ? The answer is maybe obvious but I have a doubt.
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### Does BouncyCastle (for ECC) resist timing attacks?

I need to extend the TLS protocol to be able to use other key exchange scheme based on elliptic curves. I am planning to use BouncyCastle's implementation in Java and in .NET. I am worring about ...
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### Understanding elliptic curve encryption

I'm having a hard time understanding the elliptic curve encryption. One thing thing I don't understand is listing all the points on the curve (mod p). Suppose I have the following elliptic curve: y^2 ...
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### How to perform benchmark of block/stream ciphers?

I would like to perform some benchmarking of different block and stream ciphers for general data (lossless and lossy data) encryption and decryption (with focus on power consumption). To get general ...
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### How does Dissent protect against Sybil Attacks?

Dissent claims to be able to be resistant to Sybil attacks. Dissent seeks to offer accountable anonymity, giving users strong guarantees of anonymity while also protecting online groups or forums ...
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### Can you help me understand this “Message Modiﬁcation by Meet-in-the-Middle” related to Tiger Hash?

I found this paper that explains how to attack a reduced round tiger hash, but I'm having a hard time understanding some of the mathematical notation. Could someone explain the section "Message ...
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### RSA Attack with some known values

There is an RSA implementation which I need to attack to get the encrypted messages. Some of the values are known. Plain text value for input. So if I enter a message, say it "A", the plain text is ...
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### Can you help me clear a confusion about small subgroup attack on HMQV?

First,i want to show you with a picture how the HMQV works. There are some notations you might not familiar, it doesn't matter. I just want to show you the procedure. Next it's an attack on HMQV ...
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### IV and Headers inside cipher text

I am a bit confused about the use of IV, and key hash. Is the key hash and IV stored inside the headers of the cipher text? Isn't it a security risk to store this header information? By key hash I ...
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### Merkle path authentication

In point 4 of the Algorithm 4.2 (Classic Merkle Tree Traversal) of *"Post_Quantum_Cryptography.pdf"* shows *"Stack_h.update(2)"* each stack receives two updates. I am trying understand to understand ...
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### openssl logs showing keyblock length of only 88 bytes instead of 136 bytes

I was decrypting TLS encrypted data from wireshark using the openssl(TLS1.0 version) TLS logs which provides the complete key block which of size 136 bytes.Now i moved to TLS(1.2 version) in that Key ...
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### Are ePassports still vulnerable?

Jeroen van der Beek presented a flaw in the ePassports in 2008. What is the state of this flaw still in 2013? ...
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### Rating a steganographic system using Blum Blum Shub to locate hidden bits

Currently I'm building a toy steganography system based in a web browser. Besides all the obvious issues with building a system requiring extreme privacy into a browser (this is a toy!), I was curious ...
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### Non-malleable file encryption using AES XTS 256?

I'm looking to do file encryption of a bunch of individual files, some small, some quite large. The files will be write-once/read-many, so I could use CBC, however, since the read-access needs to ...
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### How is key rotation defined?

I'm aware that it's advisable to rotate cryptographic keys periodically. HKDF accepts high-entropy input (IKM - Input Key Material), and expands it to an arbitrary length. It also accepts a salt, ...
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### Can any one explain Circuit Privacy using fully homomorphic encryption from Gentry's thesis?

Craig Gentry's thesis talks about circuit privacy being straight forward from fully homomorphic encryption in the last chapter. Can somebody explain in simpler terms what that means ? I have read it ...
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### How can I validate generated session keys in SRP-6a protocol

I have genereted two equal session keys on client and server successfully. But I couldn't understand how each other should validate that they have same session keys. On the client I generated a SHA1 ...
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### SRP6a client server exchanged message order

In SRP6a, the public key of server is send after receiving the public key of client A. Its that okay that B send along together with s right after client send the username, and then later on client ...
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### Security of .net AES implementation and security of a hash MAC

My question rather splits into two sections: Is AES correctly and security implemented in the .net Framework? Are there any reviews of implementation mistakes that would weaken the security of AES ...
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### RSA and One Time Password (OTP) service

What is the expert cryptographic opinion on the following? Assume that there is a web server and a client on web page. User on the Client calls an OTP web service on the server which: creates a RSA ...
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### How to create a public-key certificate for RSA Web of trust?

How to create a public-key certificate for RSA Web of trust? I have (for exemple) two public / private key pair (obviously). They all need to sign each other certificate. How to create the ...
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### How compared encryption algorithm in terms of efficiency

I doing to compare two algorithm cryptography. first algorithm is RSA cryptography and second algorithm is El Gamal elliptic curve cryptography. now I want a way to compare between two algorithm by ...