# All Questions

138 views

### Are RSA or ECC vulnerable to an attack where the same (unknown) plaintext is encrypted with multiple public keys?

I'm not sure what this attack model is called - it's not known-plaintext and also not quite cipher-text-only. It is similar to this question except the general case (not just two keys) and using keys ...
118 views

### XORing a header with SHA512-hash - secure?

I am writing a application that encrypts text several times and stores the result. The result looks like complete random bytes, therefore I add some random bytes at the end. To let the program know ...
70 views

### The specification of modern, non-communicating cipher machinery [closed]

I'm looking for references, papers or guidance on a class of system which I have not seen widely discussed. Consider powerful electronic machinery which remains in the custody of communicating ...
82 views

### Times of nested algorithms in proofs of security

Proofs of security may be constructed such that an adversary $A$ is used to construct an adversary $A'$. The reduction/algorithm which uses $A$ has to perform a number of computations in order to ...
71 views

### Group membership with unique anonymous claims

Is it possible to accomplish the following scheme? There is a Server (S) and many clients. Each client enrolls with S, exposing its real identity; S saves the real identity information in its ...
81 views

### Tiger Tree Hash vs generic Merkle Tree

Is there any advantage of using Tiger Tree Hash over any other hash function organized as the Merkle tree? Are there maybe any properties of TIGER that, say, SHA2 or BLAKE in Merkle tree do not have? ...
98 views

### Zero-knowledge proof of a product

I have non-negative integers $x,y,z$. I'm going to give you commitments $C(x),C(y),C(z)$ to them. Then, I would like to prove in zero knowledge that $xy=z$. I can choose the commitment scheme to ...
90 views

### encrypted file sharing protocol

I am trying to design a file exchange protocol for learning purposes, inspired by PGP, but fixing some of its shortcomings. Assuming the machine where the creation and decryption of the file happens ...
926 views

### Why should I make my cipher public?

As I understand it, the less people know about the internals of my protocol or cipher, the more secure the protocol is. However Kerckhoffs's principle states that A cryptosystem should be secure ...
66 views

### Can I publish the accumulator trapdoor and still keep it secure?

I'm implementing the Camenish-Lysyanskaya dynamic accumulator. It seems to me that the accumulator is provably secure because the trapdoor is unknown to the attacker. The risks should be the fact ...
214 views

### Nonlinearity of the J-K Flip Flop

In Encryption Schemes for Computer Confidentiality, Pless describes how to use the J-K flip flop as a nonlinear combiner for linear feedback shift registers. This generator was broken because the J-K ...
48 views

### byte length and offset for k3d3/ed25519 byte[] variables?

I've discovered for myself that java's BigInteger is very slow, so I'm trying to weakly optimize this java implementation of ed25519 which I will fork and post if ...
4k views

### Why is triple-DES using three different keys vulnerable to a meet-in-the-middle-attack?

Among other sources, this wikipedia entry states that triple DES using three seperate keys (k1, k2, k3) is vulnerable to meet-in-the-middle-attacks, while triple DES using only two keys (k1, k2, k1) ...
158 views

### Can I prove set membership and uniqueness without revealing the element?

Assuming a publicly known set $\Psi$ with $N$ unique elements. I have a set $\Sigma=\{\sigma_1,\sigma_2,...,\sigma_m\}$ where $m\leqslant N$. I would like to publicly prove that all the elements in ...
70 views

### Are the RFC3526 MODP groups Schnorr groups?

I was wondering if a group like the 1536-bit MODP Group from RFC 3526 was a Schnorr group? A Schnorr group must apparently have: $p$ and $q$ being primes $p = q\cdot r+1$ $1 < h < p$ ...
124 views

Let $H$ be a secure hash function (e.g. SHA256), is it possibile to find $H(M1)$ given $H(M1||M2)$ if the length of $M1$ and/or $M2$ is exact the block size of the hash (that is, 64 bytes for SHA ...
52 views

### Is the product of two primes only factorisable by those two primes? [closed]

The question is as per the subject line. Does the fundamental theorem of arithmetic imply (prove?) that if I multiply two primes, then those two primes are the only factors of the product? I.e. 17 x ...
238 views

### State of the art RSA key generation

I would like to know if there is an algorithm to generate a RSA key at the state of the art of the present cryptanalysis. Beside the key lenght I know there are some weakness in the choice of prime ...
130 views

### Zero-knowledge proof for committing a choice?

Let's say there are 100 choices (which are publicly known), each represented as a different string, and today you have to choose one of them. You need not reveal what that choice is right now, though. ...
74 views

### Can we parallelize the Feistel Networks?

Classic Feistel Networks and various types of FN's are sequential in nature. [1]has a good overview of different types. But is there a way we can do Feistel Networks in parallel and achieve good ...
85 views

### Pairings in Identity-based encryption vs. Attribute-based encryption

The bilinear map in Identity-based encryption should satisfy $e(aP,bQ)=e(P,Q)^{a\cdot b}$ whereas Attribute-based encryption schemes use $e(P^a,Q^a)=e(P,Q)^{a\cdot b}$ with $a,b\in\mathbb{Z}_p$ and ...
56 views

### Why does knowing the number of points on a curve help solve ECCDLP?

Perhaps, this is a really obvious question, but I am still having trouble understanding how this all fits together. Why is knowing the number of points on an Elliptic Curve helpful in cracking it? ...
71 views

### difference between leveled FHE and normal FHE scheme

What is/are difference/s between leveled Fully Homomorphic Encryption and normal Fully Homomorphic Encryption?
71 views

### Abstract algebra in cryptography [closed]

I have taken a course in my undergraduate on the theory part of abstract algebra.Now am interested to know how can abstract algebra be applied to cryptography.Thanks
119 views

### Is HMAC necessary if the AES ciphertext of a message includes the CRC of the message?

I've seen that encrypting an image with AES-CBC then calculating the HMAC-MD5 value for authentication is a somewhat common and sound way to secure data. Alternatively, can I just calculate the CRC of ...
188 views

### Diffusion in Shamir's secret sharing scheme

The popular command line utility ssss implements the classic Shamir's secret sharing scheme over the generic field $GF(2^q)$ with $8 \le q \le 1024$. When $q>=64$, the constant coefficient ($c_0$) ...
62 views

### Do I need two keys for AES CBC and HMAC or can I use the same key for both operations?

I am setting up a Python program to encipher messages on the following basis: -from my password, generate 32-byte key from SHA256(password) -generate a 16-byte IV from a PRNG -measure the length of ...
24 views

### How can I decode a Hill Cipher without a key? [duplicate]

On my exam, we had to solve this problem: message matrix is: [20, 19, 14; 17, 0 10] and the ciphertext matrix is: ...
99 views

### What's the entropy of the output for Tiger Encryption?

I'm tasked to apply tiger encryption to my string(key). Does anyone have any idea how to find the entropy of the hex output by tiger encryption?
59 views

### Using beginning of TLS ecnrypted data to reveal secret [duplicate]

I have the following question about TLS security: Assume TLS-PSK protected HTTP with AES256-CBC cipher. When a TLS connection is established, client sends some encrypted data, where the plaintext is ...
1k views

### Obtaining the key length from the ciphertext of an auto-encipher

I'm revising for a cryptography exam at the moment and I'm having some problems with a question. The question looks for the key length of a cipher given that the word "earthquake" appears in the ...
99 views

### Will hashing over and over eventually give the same hash?

There are many cases in maths where doing the same thing over and over again will bring you closer to a value. Derivation of polynomials is the striking example: no matter what you start with, you end ...
60 views

### Spurious keys filter [closed]

Is there any possible way to filter a key space in a crypto-system to get a set of keys that decrypts out a valid text (text that is in same language or readable)? I tried a random approach and got ...
86 views

### Frequency analysis of transposition ciphers

Can we do frequency analysis of transposition ciphers? If yes, please tell me the procedure and I would be happy if you provide me with some links related to it. I heard that it can be done using ...
251 views

### Security of RSA for paranoids with padding?

RSA for Paranoids (RSAP) (in cryptobytes v3n1), also known as Unbalanced RSA, is a variant of RSA proposed in 1995 by Adi Shamir, as a mean to increase the RSA public modulus size while keeping ...
69 views

### Cryptography systems based on NP complete problems

There is any cryptography system that have a good reputation based on NP complete problem? I read about the knapsack, but it was cracked.
110 views

### How can we prove that two discrete logarithms are equal?

Suppose there are two elements $a = g^x$ and $b = h^x$, where $g$ and $h$ are generators in $Z^*_p$ and $p$ is a large prime. How can we prove that $a$ and $b$ have the same discrete logarithms with ...
104 views

### Which homomorphic encryption scheme has the same size of plaintext space and ciphertext space?

I want to pre-compute the result for all possible ciphertext of a homomorphic encryption. Is it acheivable? Is there a fully homomorphic encryption scheme that has the same size of plaintext space ...
88 views

### Key construction in the Full Cramer-Shoup cryptosystem

The Full Cramer-Shoup Encryption scheme needs to choose six random numbers from $\mathbb{Z}_q$, which we denote them by $x_1,x_2,y_1,y_2,z_1,z_2$. Then the scheme hides these random numbers in the ...
93 views

### How can I generate a brief (100) stream of random numbers, not using the computer or throwing dice? [closed]

I am looking for a method of making random numbers that is off-line and is also independent of specialist equipment like a Geiger counter.
314 views

### CVE-2014-1295 (Apple's Secure Transport and Triple Handshake Attack)

Apple is releasing some updates today. They have not published the bulletins yet, but they are available here: https://gist.github.com/FredericJacobs/11189734. In the writeup for CVE-2014-1295: ...
71 views

### HMAC definition by using only one key

Suppose $H$ is a hash function; why is $H(k||H(k||m))$ not secure? See this HMAC definition. In there, indeed two keys are used and the mac algorithm is $H(k_1 ||H(k_2 ||m))$ . Why don't we use ...
173 views

### Stateless hash based public key cryptography?

Merkle-Winternitz signatures based on fractal hash trees are an attractive alternative to other post-quantum cryptographic schemes, in particular since they are conceptually simple, the security ...
87 views

### Can a zero knowledge proof (or MAC) be generated from human-typable input?

Edit: My goal is to create a voting scheme that doesn't require a lot of crypto infrastructure to be deployed on the client side. Smartcards, and tokens are impractical for these purposes. I ...
282 views

### Extracting only the entropy

(I cleaned up the question a bit, It was previously titled "extracting entropy without hashing" .. thus some of the comments / answers) I'd like to extract the entropy of data without injecting ...
120 views

### Solving Vignere Encryption

I'm currently trying to crack a cypher that I believe is Vignere Encrypted and I'm currently stuck. I calculated the key length by finding repeated sequences in the cypher and calculating the the ...
82 views

### Is less security required for a short stream cipher than for the AES enciphering of very long messages? [closed]

Criticisms of a cipher system such as 'the ciphertext from one message must be indistinguishable from the ciphertext of a second message" surely only apply when there are very large amounts of ...
18 views

### Cryptography — with a semi-priveleged user in the middle — to prevent request-tampering with another server

I'm working on a chat server for a mobile app I am writing. I would like to use a different application server for non-chat related operations and another application for chat operations. I would ...