# All Questions

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### i cant understand the meaning and the difference between linearity equation and affine and non linearity? [closed]

i cant understand the meaning and the difference between linearity and affine and non linearity equations and what is the meaning of the free term in affine form and how it make the equation non ...
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### Is secure communication without public-key crytography feasible?

We all know about public-key cryptosystems, and we know some of these are computationally secure (for the time being, of course). Are there any algorithms out there which allow safe communication ...
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### TLS encryption with a self-signed PKI and Python’s asyncio module

I want to enable TLS encryption with a custom / self-signed PKI for a self-contained distributed system built with Python 3’s asyncio. I’ve read Python’s ssl docs as well as several tutorials: ...
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### TRNG vs PRNG - Entropy?

How much more entropy gives a Hardware Random Number Generator or True Random Number Generator compared to a Pseudo Random Number Generator? I know it depends on which TRNG is used, but I'm thinking ...
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### Certificate for the public key

I am new to Network Security and learning about various security features like Diffie-Helmann and others. I understand that the Public key send by the server to the client needs to certified that it ...
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### How can I design a cryptographically secure, key-dependent s-box?

I would like to design a cryptographically secure, key-dependent s-box, but I am not sure how. Mainly, because I am unsure about the difference in design compared to a random s-box. What is the ...
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### Does this chat protocol exist?

I want to implement a secure chat via mobile. I´ld like to know if the following protocol for key agreement – which can use any asymmetric encryption – exists. Suppose Alice and Bob are two clients ...
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### Logjam-style attack on Factoring?

We're all aware of the Logjam attack, which is known as "FREAK on discrete logarithms". The attack works by doing a large pre-computation step, which needs only to be done once per field and then ...
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### Evaluating Algebraic Complexity of a S-box

While studying the design and the desirable properties of an AES S-box , I came to know that Algebraic Complexity is also an important property of an S-box which is usually considered while evaluating ...
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### Does pseudorandom secret sharing require a central dealer?

I'm trying to figure out whether pseudorandom secret sharing (as described in this paper) requires a central dealer, i.e. one party who doles out keys to the other players and thus who would be able ...
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### Question about the key in RC4

I am planning to develop a more secure version of the RC4 algorithm. Since I´m not an encryption expert, I´ld like you to help me find answers to the following questions: Does the value of the key ...
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### Determine LFSR phase quickly?

I know it's possible with work backwards from the output bits of an LFSR to determine its feedback polynomial in a O(n) fashion. I'm also curious if, given an LFSR state and polynomial, is it ...
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### Montgomery Reduction

I'm taking a hardware cryptography class and working on a problem that focuses on Montgomery Reduction. So by definition: Computing a x b (mod N) Pick R, s.t. R > N, gcd (R,N) = 1 Compute N^-1 ...
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### Understanding Meet-in-the-Middle attack on block ciphers

I understand how to implement a Meet-in-the-Middle attack on 2DES/3DES, by computing for one half all possible keys and storing the outcome and then subsequently do the same for the other half but ...
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### Are specially designed fonts sometimes used in cryptography?

As a font designer, I was thinking that it would be very easy to design a special font that could either jumble characters of a language (or of a code) or simply (with the features offered by the OTF ...
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### Keys in HMAC and NMAC

I'm quite new to this topic and have several questions concerning HMAC and NMAC: Why does NMAC need two keys? How can it be attacked if we just used some sort of initialization vector instead of the ...
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### Hard-core predicates: should the adversary be given $1^n$?

In most (all?) classical sources such as the book of Goldreich (2001), hard-core predicated are defined thus: A polynomial-time computable predicate $b : \{0,1\}^* \to \{0,1\}$ is a hard-core of a ...
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### Static DH/Static ECDH certificate using OpenSSL

I've been searching for some time and have found no way to create a working certificate and private key pair with a DH or ECDH public key using OpenSSL. Once I do this, I'd like to sign it with an RSA ...
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### Who uses the RSA BSAFE library? [duplicate]

Who uses RSA's BSAFE library? Does anyone know what products use it, or have any statistics on how many end users use something that is built on BSAFE? Background: BSAFE is one of the oldest ...
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### Why should I use an Initialization Vector (IV) when I have unique keys?

I took a look at “Why, or when, to use an Initialization Vector?” but my question is not the same. I have unique keys encrypting each plaintext (in CBC mode, AES-256) and I do not use a key to ...
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### Does we need IV if we're generating a new Symmetric key for every message? [duplicate]

We need to encrypt individual messages, for every message we: Generate a new AES key Encrypt the message with the key (AES/CBC/PKCS5Padding) Encrypt the symmetric key with with a public key ...
742 views

### Why Elliptic Curves?

What is the benefit of using elliptic curves over the standard finite field, when the cyclic subgroup we consider of the EC's solution group is just isomorphic to some integer residue class of prime ...
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### Implementing forward secrecy in OpenPGP with public key authentication

I am trying to consider the feasibility of implementing an encrypted file sharing system, which both provides forward secrecy but also allows public key verification. I am stuck on the marriage ...
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### Why don't use random padding in RSA?

Consider the following scenario: Sender S sends a message to receiver R. He uses a hybrid encryption scheme with RSA as key-encapsulation algorithm and AES-256-CTR (4byte-counter) and SHA256-HMAC. ...
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### RSA private key d knowing e,n

I need to find RSA private key $(d, N)$ knowing $(e, N)$. It's "own" RSA implementation. As i know $p$ is random 70 bit number, then $q$ is $p-2^{10} < q < p+2^{10}$ $d$ is max 16 bit long with ...
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### Can hash functions improve a lousy PRNG?

If I have a poor PRNG, could a cryptographically secure hash function make a better output? Say the PRNG can produce as much numbers as you wish, reasonably random, but not good enough to be used in ...
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### What values constitute failing for ENT tests?

The dieharder tests give a clear PASSED, WEAK, etc and I'm wondering what those thresholds ...
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### Reusing keys with AES-CBC

I heard that key/IV pairs must not be reused in AES-CTR, or when using any stream cipher for that matter. Yet the attacks described do not seem to apply to AES-CBC. Is reusing the same key several ...
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### Can Alice send Bob a secure message with only DSA and no key exchange?

Suppose Bob has a DSA key pair, and Alice has Bob's public key. Is there any secure way that Alice can send Bob a message only he can read if Bob can not send any reply? I think the answer is no, ...
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### Better lower bound on min-entropy

In “Randomness Condensers for Efficiently Samplable, Seed-Dependent Sources” by Dodis, Ristenpart, and Vadhan (PDF), I have seen the statement that: any tuple of distributions $(X,Z)$ is $ε$-close ...
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### Hash functions to generate one time pad

Newbie question... may be... Stream cypher, will XOR message bits with one time pad bits Suppose I have a pseudo random number generator, like a Mersenne twister or sort of. I could use the ...
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### Does the following linear equation hold in bilinear pairings?

Does the following hold in bilinear pairings? $$e(g^{a_1x_1}g^{a_2x_2},g^{c_1}g^{c_2})=e(g^{x_1+x_2},g^{a_1a_2(c_1+c_2)})$$
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### ElGamal and Paillier key sizes for short messages

I am using ElGamal and Paillier schemes to encrypt a large number of short messages: typical 4-byte integers. I do this for the homomorphic properties of these schemes. However, the way the ...
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### Is a book cipher provably secure?

I've seen ciphers (usually in spy drama shows) that involve taking a book and writing down an index to individual characters. Essentially it's a keyed substitution cipher, where the key is the name ...
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### curious DHE implementation for key exchange

I have made some reverse engineering on proprietary software and came up with some DHE algorithm that works like this: First and foremost, the client and the server shares some public parameters (g, ...
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### Simulation based proofs: Simple examples

I am aware that,(in theory) in order to proof that a scheme is secure using simulation based proof we replace an adversary in real world with a simulator in ideal world. Then we try to show that their ...
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### 64bit nonce in AES-CTR, why not 128?

I'm just a bit confused about the nonce/IV in AES-CTR ... it seems the suggested way to go is have a 64bit random nonce, and use the last 64bits as the counter, "starting at 0". I'm just wondering ...
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### Bleichenbacher 1998 “Million message attack” on RSA

I have been reading Bleichenbacher's 1998 paper on a forged message attack on RSA. The paper assumes access to an Oracle that takes a ciphertext $c$ and will check the decrypted text for valid PKCS #1 ...
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### Determine AES key given encrypted and unencrypted files

Given an encrypted file, the original unencrypted (cleartext) file, and knowledge of which AES encryption algorithm was used, is it possible to determine the key that was used to encrypt the data in a ...
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### Is authenticated encryption basically a lockable box?

I recently used a custom construction as a commitment scheme, which was taken from the standard picture you give people while explaining commitment schemes. Basically commitment schemes can be ...