# All Questions

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### Is One Time Pad considered Chosen-Plaintext Attack Secure?

If we're considering Chosen-Plaintext Attack setting, then the adversary has access to the Encryption Oracle right, and we know that OTP is only considered secure if we use the key only once. How ...
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### Authenticate a short message with redundant encryption instead of using a MAC?

I have a short message that’s exactly 128 bits of length. The message serves as a time-limited authorization token for a database. It contains a permission profile ID (64 bits) and an issue timestamp ...
284 views

### How does ROTL work?

what does ROTL stand for? I know it does left shifting but what about the acronym? When we do a left shift, do we take the leftmost bit and add it at the end, by making the second bit the first, and ...
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### About the Security of PCBC Encryption Mode

We are designing an encrypted file system. We plan to use the PCBC (Plaintext Cipher Block Chaining) encryption mode for encryption. This is because we desire the feature ("small changes in the ...
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### Security of integrity protection with HMAC vs AEAD

I'd like to know how the security of the integrity protection compares between: HMAC-SHA-256 with an 32 byte tag or a truncated 16 byte tag AES-GCM with a 16 byte tag AES-CCM with a 16 byte tag or ...
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### Koblitz encoding a message to a point, what is the “associated auxiliary base parameter”?

I am looking at the Koblitz method for encoding a message as an elliptic curve point. The first step given in the paper I'm reading is: "Choose an elliptic curve and its associated auxiliary base ...
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### Is format preserving encryption suitable for use with words or names?

Is it possible to use FPE to encrypt names and language words like 'Bob' 'the' 'tree', in order to preserve both length and format (like keeping characters within a certain range like A-Z a-z) The ...
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### How does ccrypt work?

On many Linux/GNU distributions CCrypt (ccrypt) by Peter Selinger is available as a command line utility to encrypt files. How does the protocol work and is it ...
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### ccrypt and its security

I would like to know how secure is ccrypt to encrypt files (like images, videos and other non-plain text data) using single password of 20+ chars length. It uses Rijndael with 256-bit block size and ...
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### Difference between statistical PRNG and cryptographic PRNG? [duplicate]

What's the difference between a statistical pseudorandom number generator (PRNG) and a cryptographic-strength PRNG? I've seen a lot of PRNGs that are proposed for statistical uses -- e.g., ...
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### Gap problem for Learning With Errors

Informally, a "Gap problem" arises when solving the computational (or search) version using an oracle for the decisional version. This definition of Gap Problem was introduced by Okamoto and ...
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### What is the use of segments in Cipher Feedback Mode (CFB)

In NIST SP800-38A: Recommendation for Block Cipher Modes of Operation CFB can be used with a parameter s - the size of a data segment in bits - which determines the ...
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### Can hashing become encrypting?

hashing some data and encrypting data share some similar attributes. Surely this is why "Difference between encrypting something and hashing something" has been asked. The point of this question is ...
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### What are these twist attacks with cost $2^{58.4}$ on NIST P-224 curve, and when do they apply?

This page on Twist security mentions a combined attack and a twist rho attack, applicable in particular to NIST P-224 curve with cost $2^{58.4}$ something, with no mention precise definition of ...
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### Small Encryption Exponent

I am trying to crack an unpadded RSA set up for a homework. I have public key (R,e) and encrypted message E. ...
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### Feasibility of finding public key when private key is known

We all know that in a public key cryptosystem, given a public key it is extremely hard to compute private key from it. Is it the same case in reverse? Given a private key, how easy is it to compute ...
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### How can one generate pairs/triplets/…/n-ary MD5 collisions

Is there a way to generate n strings with the same MD5 hash?
129 views

### Trapdoors for lattices

I refer to an article https://eprint.iacr.org/2011/501. I focus on (a bit modified) Algorithm 1 which runs as follows (in my understanding): For given $n, m\in \mathbb N$, $q=2^k$ and a distribution ...
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### Straightforward method for hampering frequency analysis on deterministic encryption

I'm brainstorming some different ways of making deterministic encryption more secure. I want to use deterministic encryption to preserve searchability over the keywords in a document set. However, I ...
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### Polynomial representation of the affine part of the AES S-box

I have been reading up on the polynomial representation of the AES Sbox (PDF: “Essential Algebraic Structure Within the AES” by Murphy and Robshaw) and I can't get it to produce the correct output. ...