# All Questions

81 views

### Repeatedly using same key on different plaintexts

Symmetric encryption: Does using the same key over and over again introduce a vulnerability? Meaning, if I transmit a different piece of plaintext encrypted with the same key every day, will an ...
66 views

### Does MD5 hash have quasi commutative property? [duplicate]

I am implementing a one-way accumulator using MD5 hash, wondering wheather it has quasi commutative property or not.
220 views

### Why is an IV used in Merkle–Damgård transform?

In Merkle–Damgård transform, a fixed vector IV is chosen at the beginning, and it is hashed together with the first block x1. I wonder why we don't use x1 straightforward, i.e. hash x1 and the next ...
199 views

### Different padding rules for Merkle–Damgård and Keccak/sponge function

We learned that length padding was used in Merkle–Damgård where after padding with zeros another block is added that contains the initial length of the input. This is supposed to prevent same hash ...
78 views

### Is the Vigenère Cryptosystem malleable? [closed]

Is the Vigenère Cryptosystem malleable, and how can we prove that it is (or it is not) malleable?
77 views

### RSA OAEP: prevention of partial decryption of ciphertexts

I'm trying to understand RSA encryption (as a beginner in cryptography). go on this wiki page http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optimal_asymmetric_encryption_padding scroll down to the 2 numbered points: ...
55 views

### simulating rc4-256 with rc4-128

OpenSSL supports rc4 with 128-bit keys and rc4 with 40-bit keys. It does not support rc4 with 256-bit keys. My question is... is it possible to modify the state of the pseudo-random generation ...
57 views

### can you suggest any applicayion for implementing threshold homomorphic encryption cryptosystem(Paillier cryptosystem) [closed]

I want to implement one project in multi party homomorphic encryption using paillier. Can you suggest any application for implementation.
197 views

### Secure degree reduction for Shamir's secret sharing

I understand the basic Shamir Secret Sharing protocol, and when two shares are multiplied, the degree of the polynomial increases. I've seen in a number of papers a reference to a degree reduction ...
61k views

### How secure is AES-256?

The cipher AES-256 is used among other places in TSL/SSL across the Internet. It's considered among the top ciphers. In theory it's not crackable since the combinations of keys are massive. Although ...
90 views

### Diceware word list for six dice

I really like Diceware, but it now needs six words to be safe. Instead of adding a word, I would think that increasing the size of the wordlist and adding an extra dice would be a better idea. I have ...
101 views

### CoAP authentication using DTLS

what is the meaning of this notation ?? AES{Yi, (Yi XOR Ki | nonce1)} https://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-bhattacharyya-core-coap-lite-auth-00
159 views

### Elliptical curve cryptography key generation time

I am currently trying to learn more about Elliptical curve crypthography and have finally started to get things working and undestanding the different pieces. I've written a small project in C# and ...
180 views

### When would one prefer a proof of knowledge instead of a zero-knowledge proof?

I've just realized I find it hard to distinguish between these two terms (proof of knowledge, and zero-knowledge proof), specially where only the latter seems to be used in many cryptographic ...
114 views

### Cracking plain RSA by factoring the modulus n

This is the setup: I have both public and private keys of one "instance" of RSA. And I have only the public key of another RSA cryptosystem, but this system has the same modulus as the first one. I ...
198 views

### Real life systems that use concepts of crypto computing [closed]

Are there any working cloud/internet solutions/products that operates on encrypted data such as systems using homomorphic encryption, secure multiparty computation, electronic voting, private ...
85 views

### what are multi-primes and how are they different from semiprimes?

I came to know of semiprimes recently. The simplest explanation of semiprimes is you take any two prime numbers and you multiply them, say 3*11 = 33 in which case 33 would be a semiprime. The numbers ...
174 views

### How can two UProve token holders prove to a 3rd party that they aren't the same user?

Suppose I have two users who are issued two different UProve IDs. The Issuer has guaranteed that one UProve token bearer will never have more than one UProve token ID. How can I use UProve to ...
82 views

### Less known hash functions producing 128 bit hash

Good day. While reversing a malware I stumbled upon a function producing 16 byte hash. I tried to determine which one is that by checking every function from wiki. Nothing fits. So, there are two ...
88 views

### Building a pad for OTP on-the-fly with Diffie-Hellman

Through repeated DH attempts, could Alice and Bob build a large random key for use as a one-time pad? My intuition is that this protocol would be as hard as breaking DH (discrete logarithm).
39 views

### El gamal correctness

I tried to find online for the correctness of El-Gamal, but I couldn't find any good resource that will teach me how to show the correctness of El-Gamal, could any body show me how is it done?
671 views

### How can one sign with NTRU?

I am looking at implementing NTRU, but I noticed that while the encryption/decryption algorithm seems to be mature and well-documented, there is comparatively little information about how to sign ...
78 views

### Inverse of a function $f_k(x) := f (x ⊕ k) ⊕ k$

$f : \{0, 1\}^4 → \{0, 1\}^4$ Given a function $f_k(x) := f (x ⊕ k) ⊕ k$, what is the inverse function $f_k^{-1}$? I could not figure out how this would be done. Thanks.
59 views

### Efficient proof of knowledge using Wegman-Carter hash

A verifier wants to ensure, with only little exchange of data with other systems, that a large block of data $M$ that the verifier holds is also available to some other system(s). It is not an ...
135 views

### Large file validation on an embedded system through hash and encryption

As a preface, I have to say that I am a noob in this area. Having said that, I will ask the question. I have a situation where I need to validate and protect against tampering a handful of large ...
175 views

### Blind Signatures

The verification algorithm given in blind signature. Should it work for both Original message and the signature on it Blinded message and the signature on it. If yes, then how can we verify if ...
72 views

### What is the difference between IND-CCA2 and NM-CCA2? And how does one imply another? [closed]

Is there any proof that shows the equivalence of these two?
160 views

### Mifare Classic and crypto1 algorithm

Mifare's Crypto1 algorithm uses a 48-bit LFSR. What does the 48-bit LFSR do exactly ?
167 views

### DHE key exchange. Is it really secure?

Context I recently came across a video on the net showing the process of key exchange in Diffie Hellmann. Alice and Bob want to communicate. Eve is the (wo)man in the middle. This video is the ...
178 views

223 views

### Python. RSA common modulus attack problem

I have: N = /*500 decimal numbers*/ E1 = 3740453 E2 = 4226171 M^E1 = /*500 decimal numbers*/ M^E2 = /*500 decimal numbers*/ I must use RSA common modulus ...
5k views

### Types of Cryptography for a 4-8 bit microcontroller

This is more of a research question. I was wondering what types of crypto algorithms would work best on a small 4-8 bit micro controller. I recently read a paper called Security Considerations for ...
99 views

### Recover a secret message in a .wav file [closed]

First, I apologize for my english, I'll do my best. On my computer, I got a .wav audio file that hides a secret message. I want to recover that message. But I'm stuck and I need your help :). My ...
149 views

### Verbatim of early work on public-key cryptography?

In late 1997, the history of public-key cryptography was turned around with the announcement by the CESG (April 2000 archive) that public-key cryptography was theorized in a 1970 note [1] by James ...
17 views

### Change of axis positions in Vigenere Square

Is there any history of codes in which there have been changes in the normal axis positions of the Vigenere Square? Have been working on a code which has two non-normal positions -- one with the ...
3k views

### Why we can't implement AES 512 key size?

Out of curiosity why we can't implement AES 512 key size? Please explain somehow i can understand! I'm not an expert.
194 views

### Hash collision using the leading 40-bits of SHA-1

I am trying to implement Floyd's cycle finding algorithm for finding a leading 40-bit hash collision in the SHA-1 algorithm. However, my code will not find a repetition even with 800,000,000 hashes. ...
1k views

### Encryption of big files in Java with AES/GCM

I have to encrypt big files. Say their size ranges from 500mb to several of gigabytes. I would like to use AES/GCM/NoPadding as provided by Java 1.8 since that gives me automatic authentication and ...
149 views

### For calculating the index of coincidence for each sequence

I was learning about the finding the key length reading the following web site... http://practicalcryptography.com/cryptanalysis/stochastic-searching/cryptanalysis-vigenere-cipher/ and I really don't ...
225 views

### Is there a way to systematically calculate the public exponent $e$ in RSA?

I'm learning RSA in one of my classes and we were given a problem: $p = 5$, $q = 11$ I have done the following steps: $n = 5 \cdot 11 = 55$ $\phi = (5-1)\cdot(11-1) = 40$ I know that to ...
412 views

### What Java actually stores inside Keystore when generating Keys?

When we use Keytool to generate a Keystore to store Private/Public keys, what Java actually stores inside the Keystore file ? I ...
73 views

### Checking the share membership in secret sharing schemes

I was thinking of this since yesterday. Imagine, a secret is split into its respective shares (using any secret sharing scheme) with threshold $t$ and total $n$. Can we find out given any random ...
572 views

### Which attacks are possible against raw/textbook RSA?

The PKCS#1 standard defines multiple padding schemes for signature generation/verification (EMSA-PSS and EMSA-PKCS1-v1_5), and encryption/decryption (EME-OAEP and the less safe EME-PKCS1-v1_5). ...
82 views

### java.util.Random and Dice Rolls

For this question, a dice roll will be considered two 6 six sided dice, to give a possible output of 2-12. Given a java.util.Random instance r, the output of one roll would be: ...
27 views

### Designing hash function in space-efficient identity based encryption

Let $n$ be an RSA-prime and we know prime factorization of $n(=pq)$. The hash function is the current context maps from a given user identity(id) to a positive integer less than $n$, whose jacobi ...
348 views

### Java: How to handle authenticated encryption for big files

First I need to mention that I can't use BouncyCastle to implement this solution. I have to encrypt files into the file system. Those files are not going to be tranfered over the wire to any other ...
69 views

### Proving correctness of a decryption of a homomorphically summed ciphertext?

I would like to take some additively homomorphic cryptosystem - don't care much which one for now - and encrypt a series of numbers with it. I would then like to (in public) take these numbers, add ...