# All Questions

4k views

### Is there any opensource white-box implementation of AES or DES?

I googled it and give me no result. There is a binary executable of white-box implementation of DES (scroll down), but no source code provided. The same page also links various papers about ...
71 views

### Pseudorandom Function Proof

Given a set of pseudorandom functions $F=\{f_s^i\}_i$ for each $s\leftarrow\{0,1\}^n$ generated at random; moreover each $f_s^i$ uses a specific PRG $G^i:\{0,1\}^n\to\{0,1\}^{2n}$, where: ...
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### What is the difference between chosen-plaintext attack and adaptive-chosen-plaintext attack?

I've just dived in cryptography and would like to learn basics of this science. Currently I can't understand the difference between these two types of attacks. As I understood from Bruce Schneier's ...
240 views

### Elliptic Curve Crypto, is a distributed signing method possible using Shamir's Secret Sharing?

Note: A distributed signature scheme exists for RSA: Practical Threshold Signatures, Victor Shoup. Is it possible to adapt such scheme for ECC? A centralized signing machine is vulnerable to ...
36 views

### Identification by RSA

Suppose we have identification scheme as such: Bob takes random $r$, and encrypts it with Alices public RSA key $(n,e)$, sends $r^e$ to Alice. Alice decrypts $r$ and sends it back to Bob, becomes ...
264 views

### Why is diffie-hellmangroup1-sha1 used instead of diffie-hellman?

For SSH why is diffie-hellmangroup1-sha1 used instead of just diffie-hellman? In other words, why is the hash function used?
55 views

### Replay Attack in Stream Cipher

Stream ciphers are vulnerable to replay attack if the same key k is used. If E() is a stream cipher and an attacker intercepts the message m that's being transmitted at time t, how can the attacker ...
145 views

### What is the purpose of pre master secret in SSL/TLS?

I studied about SSL/TLS and learned that client and server must share keys below. common key for encryption common key for generating message authentication code Then, in SSL/TLS, a client doesn't ...
187 views

### Crack linear congruential generator knowing every other word in sequence

I need to crack one of the example of linear congruential generator. I have $X_{n+1} = (a \cdot X_n + b) \bmod m$ and I know every other word in the output sequence: ..., 3158, ..., 1888, ..., ...
83 views

### Will ANY prior knowledge assist in determining contents of a SHA1 hash?

I am working on a project testing a hash that protects some data, and I've already eliminated hash length extension attacks as a possible point of compromise, and I'm trying to educate myself on all ...
107 views

### Solve a problem, thought it was hash length extension, hours later, am I wrong?

Here is my situation. I'm working with an application for which uses hashing to authenticate data. I have a string, which is hashed. It is, like in a hash length extension attack, H(key:known_value) ...
448 views

### Find out which keying option is being used in Triple DES?

As far as I know, there are three standard options for the three keys $K_1$, $K_2$ and $K_3$ used by 3DES: Three distinct keys. The first and last key are equal: $K_1$ = $K_3$. Three equal keys: ...
94 views

### What makes this mixer function resistant to differential cryptanalysis?

I recently learned how differential cryptanalysis works, and decided to have a play around with testing various designs for resistance against attack. My testing algorithm is essentially to loop ...
143 views

### Is the keystream transmitted with the ciphertext when a stream cipher is used?

When a stream cipher is used and a keystream is generated to be XOR'ed with the plaintext, is the keystream sent with the ciphertext so that the receiver knows how to decrypt it? Or does the ...
161 views

### How to encypt/decrypt messages after ECDH key agreement

I am using Diffie-Helman key exchange to generate the shared secret. But how will can a message be encrypted using this shared key?
207 views

### Is it possible to calculate the 'skeleton key' for DUAL_EC_DRBG? What would it take?

According to Bruce Schneier the constants used in the spec of DUAL_EC_DRBG may be related to a secret set of numbers, that could function as a master key for ...
81 views

### Are there any valid, and person readable, checksums possible?

We've been trying to produce a valid, and pretty, MD5. Something that has repeating digits, or spells a word, or something. It's probably more difficult than spelling out the dictionary on a ...
146 views

### Required key size for an ideal cipher with a 32 bit block size

For an ideal block cipher, what size key would be required when the cipher has a 32-bit block size?
60 views

### Will there always be 256 collisions for the output of the MD5 hashsum function for 17-byte inputs?

By my math, if you are inputting all possible 17 byte values, and the output is 16 bytes long, then there must always be 256 possible inputs that will result in each output hashsum. However, looking ...
187 views

### Is it safe to encrypt random data using ECB mode?

If I have 48 random bytes, is it safe to encrypt them using ECB mode? Or is there still a good reason to use another mode like CTR, CBC, etc.? Context is this: I am creating something like a TLS ...
78 views

I have RTS game, where all players run game and server just relays messages. Game can generate and store text file on player pc. I want to allow some players to be moderators, so I need to sign or ...
171 views

### Encrypted database: how to deal with general queries?

My question is quite related to the concept of homomorphic encryption, which is not practical at all nowadays. In short, I would like to know how to query encrypted databases. Simple queries which ...
118 views

### Coding of unsigned int to prevent guessing next ID

Suppose we are assigning records an unsigned integer ID from a N-bit space (say 32-bit) in a sequential manner. Is there a way we can code this ID before showing it to the public such that someone ...
2k views

### Different implementations of SHA1, which one is correct?

I have noticed that different implementations of SHA1 give different results. As I'm currently programming my own SHA1 implementation (in MATLAB / GNU Octave), I wonder which one should I follow? ...
700 views

### Is there any implementation of scrypt that allows a specific limit on memory?

The answerer has commented that scrypt's memory use is "only a function of r". $\:$ However, he has not addressed my argument that it also depends on N, in one of my comments from over 5 days ago. I ...
86 views

### uniform vs. non-uniform PPT

I'm trying to understand PPT and in particular what the differences are in uniform and non-uniform PPT's. First, this is how I see it: A Probabilistic Polynomial-Time algorithm A is an algorithm that ...
53 views

### Average/approximate difference in value between valid consecutive $x$ coordinates in ECC?

From my basic understanding not all values of $x$ coordinates can satisfy a given elliptic curve equation, i.e. some $x$ coordinate values are not valid points on the curve because $x^3+ax+b$ is not a ...
78 views

### In what countries am I now allowed to talk about technical details of cryptography? [closed]

I hope this is the correct place to post this, otherwise I'm sorry. The OpenSSL Legality section states: OR EVEN JUST COMMUNICATING TECHNICAL DETAILS ABOUT CRYPTOGRAPHY SOFTWARE IS ILLEGAL IN ...
416 views

### What are the vulnerabilities of this homemade encryption algorithm? [closed]

I decided to program a relatively trivial encryption algorithm in my downtime. This algorithm takes a seed from a user (supports floating point seeds), and then adds 1 to the seed for every iteration ...
296 views

### Decrypt AES-encrypted data with another key

Here is a plain question, all filled with pseudo-real data :) We have a string: "hello" and two keys for AES: GoodKey and BadKey. We encrypt our string with GoodKey, and receive something like ...
458 views

### Is it possible to match encrypted documents using user-defined search terms?

Suppose I am storing a number of encrypted documents in a database. I would like to make it possible to identify the subset of documents whose contents match user-specified search terms without a) ...
65 views

### New to cryptology, studying key exchange

I'm just getting an overview of some of the concepts in key exchanging at the moment, and I'm a bit disoriented on a few topics, namely key stretching, key derivation functions and perfect forward ...
128 views

### Is computing roots moduli a composite $N$ a hard problem without knowing the factorization of $N$?

Suppose that we are given $\mathbb{Z}_{N}$ and an element $x^u \in \mathbb{Z}_{N}$ with $u \in (0,l]$ where $l$ is the bit-size of $N$. Is it difficult to recover $x$ by knowing $u$ without knowing ...
132 views

### Probability of SHA256 Collisions for Certain Amount of Hashed Values

I wonder if you can help me figure out that question: Is there a known probability function f: N -> [0,1], that computes the probability of a sha256 collision for a certain amount of values to be ...
662 views

### How can mega store my login details and still be secure?

I understand how Mega's encryption works. For a quick summary of all those in the future looking for an answer on this... here is how it works: Upon first signing up for an account you make a ...
41 views

### Vigenère + columnar transposition

I'm trying to decode a text which is encoded by Vigenère followed by a columnar transposition. The method I want to use is trying random columnar transpositions and then rating how much the text that ...
1k views

### Why does the recommended key size between symmetric and asymmetric encryption differ greatly?

In various articles it is mentioned that for secure communications, the recommended key sizes are 128-bit key size for symmetric encryption (which makes it $2^{128}$ possible keys?) and 2048-bit key ...
76 views

### Is there an existing authorative definition of the cryptographic term 'pepper'

I can attempt to define the term 'pepper' as: In cryptography, a pepper is a something that is added to another value (for example a password) prior to a the value being hashed using a ...
43 views

### Recover keys using statistical saturation attack

I am having trouble here performing this attack on a block cipher. This is my block cipher, it is a toy with really bad diffusion just for the sake of performing a successful attack ...
73 views

### Is there any pattern in points on EC?

I read some where in crypto.stackexchange answer (related to EC-SRP protocol) that there is pattern in points on elliptic curves, i.e. if given some points containing mix of correct and wrong points ...
160 views

### Is only one shared secret generated by ECDH per key pair?

I'm confused about ECDH. Using their public keys and private keys, two entities can arrive on a shared secret. But from the equations I've seen, it looks like ONLY the numbers present in their key ...
417 views

### Choice of multiplication polynomial in Rijndael s-box affine mapping

The Rijndael specification details the design choices for the s-box in section 7.2. They describe the choice of affine mapping as follows: We have chosen an affine mapping that has a very simple ...
102 views

### Openssl library problem

I'm using openssl library and I've a problem with RSA_private_encrypt() and RSA_public_decrypt(). I'm using a key size of 256 bit with no padding of the input message. I've noted that when my input ...
650 views

### Searching over encrypted data [duplicate]

Is there any library/tool available which can allow me to search over encrypted data? I would like to encrypt data on client side, send it to cloud and perform search in cloud. I've been reading ...
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Let's say Alice wants to talk securely to Bob over the internet, and Eve is not only eavesdropping, but has managed to get into a MITM position. In this scheme Alice and Bob exchange $n$ (example $n ... 0answers 39 views ### During electronic voting, how does one hide the choice from Voting device? Assume the following: I want to cast a vote during an election through an electronic voting system. For our system we make the assumption that the device one uses to cast the vote is potentially ... 2answers 73 views ### Would the Fiat Shamir identification scheme be more secure if I design it with an exponents higher than 2? Let's say both Prover and Verifier would use nth power instead of 2nd when creating public keys and when verifying. I know it would slow it down but would that cause the protocol to be more secure? 1answer 124 views ### Rijndael S-boxes: Where do the$\mu$and$\nu\$ polynomial ring elements come from?

I've asked some other questions before about Rijndael's S-boxes, and step by step I'm coming to an understanding; but those steps often guide me to new questions. I did some lines of code to ...