All Questions

335 views

Signature based on public key cryptography and forgery

In the definition of existential unforgeability, there is no detail about the following questions. In general, can we suppose that a signer is also a possible adversary ? When generating a signature, ...
262 views

If attacker knows salt and hash, how is salt effective?

Maybe I'm missing something, but if my salt and hashed/salted password are stored in the same place, how is salting any more secure than just hashing? Does this just rely on attackers not knowing how ...
135 views

Is there a standard way to extend the output of a hash?

Say I have a hash function, a state-of-the-art hash function that we would all approve of that produces a fixed number of bits (n) as output. (I'll call it HASH.) Is there are a standard way to ...
133 views

Hash function that is efficient on GPU and poorly suited to ASIC

I have such requirements to the hash function in my project: operating on 32-bit data, not mathematically breakable (built on existing hashes known to be secure), free of branching, as much as ...
58 views

What does the notation $1^n$ stand for? [duplicate]

I'm seeing this all over my Katz and Lindell book and I don't see where they introduced it.
97 views

Needed: signature over a collection of hashes

I'm looking for some kind of crypto-based data structure that will allow me to produce a signature over a set of hashes. Call this a SignedSetOfHashes. I want to be ...
172 views

a doubt in Rijndael's key expansion sizes

I've often heard/read that AES key sizes 256 & 192 would be weaker than 128 or not stronger as expected from the size increase, but I've never seen a proof. How does one proof the strength of a ...
309 views

RSA assumption and cryptography

The RSA assumption states that it is hard to find $m$, given $c = m^e \bmod{n}$, $e$, and $n$ (for appropriate choice of $n,e$). Suppose that there exists an algorithm, $D(c,e,n)$, that finds $m$ in ...
240 views

How can I simulate and measure brute force hacking using RSA?

I want to implement brute force hacking using RSA. How can I simulate and measure time duration? What software (or software-based simulator) would be needed?
69 views

Hashing a uuidv4 + time to create a unique id

First, I am no crypto expert although I am doing the MOOC. I have an item which has as id: uuidv4 When I create this item: I create a new uuidv4 check if it already exists and if not, I store it ...
249 views

Is the random data at the end of my decrypted message supposed to be there?

This is my PKCS#5 & AES/ECB Python 3.3 code: ...
102 views

One-time digital signatures

Are there digital signatures for which, given two documents signed by the same key, one could derive the key? With such one-time signatures, one may be able to design a cryptocurrency based on ...
219 views

Safe elliptic curve point addition using projective coordinates: How do I tell if the points are the same?

I am trying to implement elliptic curve point addition in hardware for NIST p256 and p384 curves. I have noticed the following issue with the suggested NIST routines: Routine 2.2.7 of ...
118 views

How to determine which type of crypto is used in a text file? [closed]

is there a tool or a way to determine which type of crypto is used in this type of text: ...
168 views

Prove preimage resistance property

Let $f : \{0,1\}^* \rightarrow \{0,1\}^n$ and $g : \{0,1\}^* \rightarrow \{0,1\}^m$. $h$ is created by concatenate f and g: $h : \{0,1\}^* \to \{0,1\}^{n+m}$ with $h(x) = f(x) || g(x)$. How do I ...
83 views

AES CBC encoding of decomposable OAuth2 tokens

We're building a stateless RESTful API that relies on the content of OAuth2 tokens to identify users and what they have access to. Users authenticate with other means and are given a token, which they ...
185 views

Unique, anonymous online authentication

Is there a way to authenticate users online without knowing their real identity yet preventing them from registering twice? If not, what is the least amount of information you would need? If it helps, ...
68 views

Collecting entropy from a stream to a file

I have a potentially infinite stream of data originating in some physical phenomena that may expose random behavior (due to quantum effects, thermal noise, the butterfly effect in chaotic dynamical ...
149 views

Generating Diffie-Hellman parameters efficiently

I am working on an Android project for school and I am supposed to do a DHKE (Diffie Hellman Key Exchange). Everything works well. The problem is that it takes a lot of time (really a lot) to ...
148 views

What are some restrictions when converting Montgomery Curves into Weierstrass Curves?

I want to represent a Montgomery Curve (curve25519) in Weierstrass form as a personal exercise. After doing some math and referencing the conversion equation at ...
93 views

Diffie-Hellman explicit key confirmation

Suppose I wanted to add explicit key confirmation to Diffie-Hellman key exchange, would the following scheme be secure? Alice selects a random $a$ and sends $g^a \mod p$ to Bob Bob selects a random ...
475 views

What is a Non-Interactive Zero Knowledge Proof?

I understand the concept of a Zero Knowledge Proof thanks to the easy to understand analogy of Alibaba's cave. However, this seems to require interaction between the verifier and the other party. I ...
147 views

Help in understanding exactly how lattices used as one way functions for hashing

I am doing a cryptography course via long distance and we have been given an assignment which is based on lattice-based cryptography. I have spent the majority of the past week sifting through papers ...
70 views

For $e(g, d) = c$, can we compute $d$, given others

Given $$e(g, d) = c$$ where, $e$ is bilinear pairing function chosen by the user/attacker, the values of $g$ and $c$ are known $g, d ∈ \mathbb{G}_1$ , $c$ depends upon the $e$ can we somehow ...
290 views

Encrypting a payload for transmission over HTTP. AES256 with PBKDF2

I've done some reading about implementing AES256 and deriving a key from a password. If I understand correctly: I want to generate a new salt (for the key) and a new IV (for the encrypted message) ...
240 views

Known vs. Chosen (plaintext and ciphertext) and RSA

I want to know whether I can break RSA (textbook) with known plaintext/ciphertext attacks. Known plain-text Let $c$ be the ciphertext and $m$ the plaintext. $$c = m^a \mod n$$ Since all I have is ...
82 views

Do both client and server need to implement OpenSSL protections to protect from CBC attacks

In regards to the protections implemented in OpenSSL 0.9.6d (described in section 2. http://www.openssl.org/~bodo/tls-cbc.txt). My understanding is that the mechanism prepends an empty record when ...
47 views

Key change and key derivation

there are two ways for key change: Key update and re-keying. Which of this methods use KDF (Key Derivation Function) for getting new keys.
83 views

Why does a one-time-pad key have to be at least as long as a message? [closed]

I am studying one time pad and find it hard to understand. What happens if the key is one bit or 100 bits shorter than the message?
350 views

Securely send public key from client to server in RSA?

I have a client and a server communicating with messages encrypted using RSA. Initially, the client knows server's public key, but the server does not know the client's public key. Is it possible to ...
209 views

One-way permutation over a small interval?

I am wondering what concrete computable functions we know that are a permutation over an integer interval of parameterizable size $s$, for relatively small $s$ starting circa $2^{64}$, to perhaps ...
219 views

Practical (and secure) PRGs

Does anyone know if there exists a PRG construction which takes as input an (RSA-sized) integer seed and outputs a fixed number of bits? There are number-theoretic PRGs such as the RSA, ...