# All Questions

177 views

### Detecting steganography in the stream of short messages

I have stream of millions of short n-bit (n<30) messages generated by some random number generator. The source of random number generator is not available to me. I suspect there are messages used ...
5k views

### What is a white-box implementation of a cryptographic algorithm?

What is a white-box implementation? Does a white-box implementation have specific properties?
122 views

### Is CPU timing jitter a usable entropy source?

In some virtualized environments, the only source of entropy available is CPU timing jitter. Can one get enough entropy from this source for practical uses? Also, is this secure against local ...
69 views

### PBC library: group of composite order for pairing operation

How to generate composite order group using PBC library? With PBC library, element_init_G1(g,pairing) statement creates element $g$ for group of prime order. I want ...
52 views

### Can homomorphic operations on many different ciphertexts be multiplied by a same constant?

Assume Alice encrypts messages $m_1$,...,$m_n$ using secret keys $k_1$,...,$k_n$ on a homomorphic encryption scheme (BHHO), so she would get $c_1=Enc_{k_1}(m_1)$,...,$c_n=Enc_{k_n}(m_n)$. Then Alice ...
50 views

### Is the length limit of AES-GCM per key or per (key, nonce) pair?

AES-GCM has a limit on the length of the plaintext it encrypts: $2^{39} - 256$ bits. But is this limit per key or per (key, nonce)? That is, if I encrypt a message with the maximum length, and encrypt ...
68 views

### Why is AES-SIV not used, but AESKW, AKW1?

I'm trying to investigate different key wrapping algorithms for my implementation. I've noticed that AES-SIV is very rarely implemented by most of open source libraries. Most of them implements key ...
435 views

### To understand a fact related to padding in MD5

I'm trying to understand to padding process of MD5 from the link: http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc1321.txt In this link I have found the following description of padding: The message is "padded" ...
45 views

### compact rsa private key format

As shown in Why does my SSH private key still work after changing some bytes in the file? a typical RSA private key file contains. The public modulus $n$ and exponent $e$; The private ...
4k views

### Diffie-Hellman Key Exchange with Authentication: Man-in-the-Middle query

I have been reading up on MiTM attacks, and the prevention of them using public key certificates. Recently I learnt about Diffie-Hellman Key Exchange with Authentication, and how it uses signed ...
63 views

### Encryption used in a commercial software product [closed]

I found (through some reverse-engineering) that the following encryption scheme is used in a commercial software that is quite widely used in Germany (Security by obscurity at its best). I have the ...
41 views

### Elliptic ElGamal Public Key Cryptosystem doubt

I need an example of Elliptic ElGamal Public Key Cryptosystem. I have been trying with some values but I don't get the right solution. I have $p=13$, the elliptic curve $E:y^2=x^3+11x+7$ and a point ...
2k views

### Hash function that allows to decide if A > B if you only have hash(A) and hash(B)?

Is it possible to construct a hash function with the following property? If you have hash(A) and hash(B) with A and B being integers, you can tell if A is greater than B -- without however knowing ...
2k views

### Any practical uses of machine learning for cryptography?

I am about to go study for my masters in machine learning, data mining and high performance computing, but have recently become very interested in cryptography after taking Dan Boneh's Cryptography ...
123 views

### Can homomorphic decryption of DES be practical?

I was reading this paper Homomorphic evaluation of the AES Circuit by Gentry et al. when I thought if something similar can be done with DES or 3DES, e.g. it is plausible to decrypt DES ...
60 views

### Proven secure scheme under random oracle

Currently I am trying to understand random oracle model in order to make a small presentation about it but I seem to be very confused about it. Since it's an hypothetical model without a real life ...
727 views

### Can machine learning analyze random number generator?

I'm studying for random number generators(RNG) and I saw about machine learning a few days ago. So I searched analysis of RNG using machine learning. But I couldn't find such fields. Are there such ...
199 views

### Is there an algorithm to hide text in another text, while preserving the meaning of the latter?

Is there a way to hide a text message $A$ inside another text $B$ using a cryptographic cipher/algorithm, while preserving the sense/meaning of $B$ and without anybody being able to notice there is a ...
56 views

### How to test an implementation of a homomorphic scheme?

I want to implement the following homomorphic encryption scheme from On-the-Fly Multiparty Computation on the Cloud via Multikey Fully Homomorphic Encryption by Lopez-Alt et al. I use C++ and I want ...
62 views

### Which values are used for an elgamal cryptosystem public key?

I know that – within the elgamal cryptosystem – the values of $a$ and $b$ are public. But which values are used to create public keys?
41 views

### Recover secret $x$ when $c\equiv m^x \pmod p$ with public $p$ (modified)

Given an encryption system where $c\equiv m^x \pmod p$, $p$ is a known prime, 1. Is it possible to recover $x$ with a known plaintext attack? Given $(p,\text{factorization of }\varphi(p),m,c)$ 2. Is ...
57 views

### Which algorithm would be ideal for ephermal key generation followed by DH key exchange?

Bob and Alice, both generate a temporary public key pair each using X algorithm on their individual PC. After being authenticated by a third party, they use the DHE to come to get a common symmetric ...
107 views

### Are there any long term RC4 bias based exploits?

The RC4 cipher possibly exhibits low level bias in it's long run PRNG keystream. I'm specifically excluding short term bias attacks which I'm defining as outputs < 1024 bytes. Are there any real ...
136 views

### Private and Public Keys

I have a very basic understanding of encryption and the encapsulation process, but for the life of me I can't grasp how public keys and private keys work, how they're made, and how they're exchanged. ...
102 views

### RSA: Proving that $p+q-1 < 3 \sqrt{N}$, where N = pq and p,q are prime?

I'm doing some research into attacks on the RSA cryptosystem and have stumbled across Wiener's attack. Within the proof there exists the statement "$p+q-1 < 3\sqrt{N}$". No proof is given for ...
1k views

### A simple block cipher based on the SHA-256 hash function [duplicate]

I've come up with this little routine for doing encryption using the SHA-2 (in this case SHA-256) hash function. As such it is a block cipher with a 256 bit (32 byte) block size and an arbitrary key ...
3k views

### What are the main weaknesses of a Playfair cipher, if any?

What are the main weaknesses of a Playfair cipher, if any? I know that they depend on none of the letters missing, but that is an easy fix if a letter gets dropped. Besides that, are there any other ...
104 views

### Effect of message length on collision attacks

I know that message collisions are supposed to be hard to calculate for a good cryptographic hash. Given 1k worth of data, it's hard to find another 1k worth of data that collides with the same hash. ...
184 views

### How can I factorize a 350 bit (106 decimal digits) number in two prime factors?

I have this large number: 1728098743723095094470726818328193358068864405124007684733613106475812450278961107574624070107782941006379 which is the multiplication of two unknown large prime numbers. I ...
475 views

### Why can’t the public key exponent in RSA be negative?

I am looking at why certain public keys in RSA can't be used, such as: 2 and all other even numbers (since $\gcd(\phi,e)$ must equal 1) 1 (since the cipher text would equal the message) 0 (since the ...
96 views

### Encrypt letters separately?

I am trying to encrypt the word Hello using RSA. When encrypting Hello’s integer representation, is each letter encrypted ...
90 views

### Do we have anyway of knowing if avoiding self-permutation in RC4 makes it any stronger?

OK, so lots of questions get asked about RC4 but I want to make mine specific and hopefully answerable. RC4 Design as I'm sure anyone reading this knows, uses self permutation in stage 1 of the KSA. ...
229 views

### Construct IND-CPA secure encryption scheme by combining two given schemes

I have two encryption schemes $\Pi_0, \Pi_1$, at least one of them is IND-CPA secure but I don't know which one. The task is to construct a scheme $\Pi$ that is guaranteed to be CPA secure and to ...
67 views

### What can I do to improve my encyption method [closed]

I'm new to cryptography and I want to learn more. For me, the best way to learn about something that I have no experience with is to experiment and I've coded a very basic approach to a simple ...
65 views

### Is it secure to use hexadecimal data for IV instead of raw binary?

Is it safe and secure to use a function like bin2hex (which converts binary data to hexadecimal) on the binary output of functions like ...
205 views

### Self-Convergent Hashing

What is the name of an algorithm that hashes its result as an embed of larger set of data that results back to the hash? For instance where $f(x)$ is the hashed result and $x$ is the dataset, and ...
61 views

### Is frequency analysis the only attack on a simple substitution cipher?

I understand that "anagramming" is often used after frequency analysis of a traditional substitution cipher, but anagramming requires prior frequency analysis to provide a starting point. Is there any ...
210 views

### Proof that a hash matches an encrypted file

Assume that Alice has a file $F$ which she is going to send, in encrypted form to Bob. Alice possesses $F$ and an encryption key $K$. She sends to Bob the encryption of $F$ using $K$, $E(F,K)$ as ...
107 views

### What is an impure NIST true random number generator?

I'm working on a true random number generator, and I came across this phrase in the American NIST guide, in section 6.4.1 Non-Approved Conditioning Components: The entropy rate provided shall be ...
80 views

### Permutation of keys that guarantees different hashes

Suppose I have two values to be hashed, $x$ and $y$. Is there a hash function $H$ with the following properties? $H(x) = H(y), \; H(m(x)) \neq H(m(y))$ Where $m$ is a permutation function that may ...
32 views

### Creating a custom 2 way encryption class [closed]

I am trying to make a simple 2 way encryption function that currently uses a substitute cipher for the encryption and an inverse substitution for the decryption. I want to move away from this ...
29 views

### What is PCT_SSL_CIPHER_TYPE_1ST_HALF?

I'm writing a tool to do security posture assessments of SSL/TLS services, and ran into an interesting result. I ran through all defined cipher suites to test which could be negotiated (like sslscan ...
58 views

### How to calculate d in RSA for my number with this [duplicate]

I took the p&q value as 61 & 53 and n=3233 e=17 d=? How to find it? Plz help me...
503 views

### Find private exponent in RSA [duplicate]

The other answers for this confuse me, I know the principle of d in terms of the equation it has to satisfy. However I'm not sure how I would go about finding the private exponent without trial and ...
101 views

### Why IV does not have to be secret yet has to be random [duplicate]

The IV used in schemes such as CBC has to be random and unpredictable. But at the same time it does not have to be kept secret. If the IV does not have to be secret, why does it have to be random ...
38 views

### Choise enother scheme to basises of lattice cryptosystem

In the lattice cryptosystem to find a good or bad basis we apply "hadamard Ratio". But in high dimension computing of this ratio is hard. dose any other scheme exist to solve this problem?
29 views

### What does CMS standard mean by “initial input to the message digest”

I'm really grinding my teeth against digest calculation explanation in the CMS standard. Let's consider the case when the signedAttrs are present. The first ...
279 views

### Why do we need to hash both the message and the $h$ value in ElGamal signature?

The professor left us a question on ElGamal signatures: Given the hash function $H$ and message $M$, choose a random $r$ and compute $h=g^r$ and $H(M||h)$. Show that, if $H(M)$ is used instead of ...