# All Questions

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### Let $F$ be a PRF, is the following $G(x)=F_{0…0}(x)∥F_{0…1}(x)|| … ||F_{1…1}(x)$ a PRG?

$F$ is a PRF with $n$ bit key, input, and output length. I know the answer is "NO it isn't!", but I can't understand why. Is that because on any input $x$, the keys for every $F$ in the concatenation ...
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### Present an attack for the combination of OTP and textbook RSA

Let $N=p \times q$ where $p$ and $q$ are two primes. Compute $\Phi (N) = (p-1)(q-1)$. Choose $e$ s.t. $1 < e < \Phi(N)$ and $gcd(e,\Phi(N))=1$. Compute $d = e^{-1}(mod \ \Phi(N))$. ...
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### Prove that certain amount of data was stored

I'm looking for a way to prove that a certain amount of data was stored, through some easily verifiable piece of information. Similarly to how proof-of-work can prove through a hash that a certain ...
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### Can we solve the Hidden Number Problem in $GF(2^n)$?

Is it possible to solve the Hidden Number Problem in extension fields? In particular in $GF(2^n)$? Let's suppose an attacker knows some least/most significant bits of $r_i = a_i \times k$ in a given ...
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### Knowing that $G(s)$ is a PRG, is the following construction $G'(s) = G(s||0)$ a PRG?

I know there already is a very similar question. However, I can't understand why $G'(s)$ is not a PRG. If $G(s)$ is a PRG, then why $G(s||0)$ can't also be a PRG? How can the distribution over ...
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### Implementation of digit serial rotators for SIMON cipher?

I am working on architecture of SIMON cipher where I have to use either bit serial, parallel or digit serial to implement the algorithm for each round function and also for sub-key generation. So I ...
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### Using AES for smaller blocks in a Feistel network

I was wondering how decryption would work for FPE in the case of cycled Feistel ciphers. I understand that simply reiterating through the networks with reversed key order will generate the ciphertext ...
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### What are the implications of a birthday attack on a HMAC?

After collecting approximately $2^{n/2}$ message-tag pairs a collision can be observed. So two different messages (m1 and m2) will have the same tag. This paper states: Then, for any string x, ...
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### Execution speed of AES_128 GMAC operation

I have read about the speed performance of AES_128_GCM on specific processors Intel and AMD that support AES New Instruction set. As compared with CMAC and HMAC is it relatively slow for other ...
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### Why is Rabin encryption equivalent to factoring?

I don't understand the proof of equivalence I've read everywhere (e.g., in Rabin's paper or on Wikipedia). Here's my objection: let's say you have a Rabin decryption oracle that takes ...
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### How can I read the AE figures?

This question is rather simple. I've recently read the paper "Automated Analysis and Synthesis of Authenticated Encryption Schemes". On page 17 of this paper the authors provide three figures of ...
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### What does “simulator” and “interactive” mean in a cryptographic credential system's definition of security?

Definition 1 on Page 7 of “An Efficient System for Non-transferable Anonymous Credentials with Optional Anonymity Revocation” by Camenisch and Lysyanskaya, uses the term “simulator” in defining the ...
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### How can I design a cryptographically secure, key-dependent s-box?

I would like to design a cryptographically secure, key-dependent s-box, but I am not sure how. Mainly, because I am unsure about the difference in design compared to a random s-box. What is the ...
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### Fast attack on approximate GCD problem?

This question is about the approximate GCD problem which is defined as follows: Given any number of the approximate multiples $a_i = p \cdot q_i + r_i$ of $p$, where $p$, $q_i$ and $r_i$ are integers, ...