# All Questions

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### What happens to the entropy of a password when you hash it?

For example, if the entropy of a password is 30 bits, what is the entropy of the password when you hash it with MD5?
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### Exact mathematical definition of simulation based security?

I've been trying to understand cryptographic protocols and how to define their security. The problem is that while I can understand what the intuitive definition says, I have trouble understanding how ...
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### Is there a standard for OpenSSL-interoperable AES encryption?

Many AES-encrypted things (files, strings, database entries, etc.) start with "Salted__" ("U2FsdGVkX1" in base64). I hear it's ...
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### What is 'Carry-forward verification' defense against MITM?

Wikipedia article on Man-in-the-middle attack mentions, in the list of defenses against it, some method called "Carry-forward verification", but it does not explain it. I am curious about different ...
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### Brute Force on 3DES with Reduced Keyspace and Unknown IV

I'm trying to brute force a 3DES problem given a reduced keyspace (ie I know the first half of the key) but with an unknown IV. The code decrypts to plaintext. My first thought was that I could set ...
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### FHE - Brakerski's “Scale Invariant” Scheme

I thought the current state of the art for fully homomorphic encryption was Brakerski, Gentry and Vaikuntanathan's scheme (BGV) based on standard/ring LWE employing modulus switching for noise ...
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### MARS and RC6 in CUDA

I am working on a project where I am benchmarking the 5 AES finalists (Rijndael, Twofish, Serpent, MARS and RC6) on CUDA Hardware. My problem is that I am no experienced CUDA programmer. My approach ...
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### Camellia or AES - which should I use? [closed]

Imagine I am a software developer. I want a block cipher, and I have the choice of using AES or Camellia. Which should I use? Which makes more sense from a technical perspective, and why? I need ...
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### Authenticated encryption mode for stream cipher?

E. g. block ciphers have GCM or OCB, that take single cryptographic primitive (block cipher) and provide both authentication and encryption. Are there similar constructs for stream ciphers, which ...