# All Questions

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### The Inhomogeneous Short Integer Solution (ISIS) problem with a clue

The Inhomogeneous Short Integer Solution (ISIS) problem is as follows: given an integer $q$, a matrix $A \in \mathbb Z^{n\times m}_q$, a vector $b\in \mathbb Z^n_q$, and a real $\beta$, find an ...
31 views

### WPA and WPS: connection method [closed]

Do clients use WPS every time when they connect to a WPS-enabled AP? Or maybe they do it just the first time and then they switch to a normal WPA/WPA2 key exchange? If the latter, it's possible for ...
112 views

### Self verifying hash algorithm

For quite some time I've been thinking about the idea to construct a hashing algorithm that contains its own checksum value, and thereby can verify itself. With hashing algorithms like SHA1 and MD5 ...
105 views

### Inconsistent terminology for ciphers and algorithms

I've been baffled by all the different kinds of names which are given to cryptographic algorithms. There are block ciphers and stream ciphers (AES and RC4). There is symmetric and asymmetric ...
52 views

### Attack on key exchange with authentication

Suppose the honest parties - Alice and Bob - exchange public key in person/via telephone so that attacker can only eavedrop on the line. Alice has hashed the public key using a collision resistance ...
71 views

### Security of integrity protection with HMAC vs AEAD

I'd like to know how the security of the integrity protection compares between: HMAC-SHA-256 with an 32 byte tag or a truncated 16 byte tag AES-GCM with a 16 byte tag AES-CCM with a 16 byte tag or ...
70 views

### RSA padding confusion attacks

Server A produces signed messages on request. You can tell server A what type of RSA padding to use in the signature (either RSASSA-PKCS1v1_5 or RSASSA-PSS). Either way, the message will be signed ...
871 views

### What is the difference between uniformly and at random in crypto definitions?

Very often in the description and analysis of a cryptographic protocol there is a need for a an element $k$ that is sampled uniformly AND at random. Is there a redundancy in the definition with ...
158 views

### FileVault AES-XTS decryption with cipher text that's missing a part

My mac was recently upgraded to OS X Yosemite and FileVault2 full disk encryption was turned on. Encryption finished, but things went horribly wrong and key parts of the disk are filled with all 0s ...
238 views

### When is a cipher considered broken?

We've all read how some people claim AES is broken because there was supposedly a way to get the plain text from a cipher text faster than brute-force. But is this the definition? Is a cipher broken ...
31 views

### What is the difference between any secret sharing scheme and arithmetic secret sharing scheme

It looks like that only difference between two of them the variables. But it does not make sense for me and I could not find exact definition of arithmetic secret sharing scheme. I mean what exactly ...
1k views

### What is the difference between a hash and a permutation?

As defined by Wikipedia a hash function is [...] any algorithm or subroutine that maps large data sets of variable length to smaller data sets of a fixed length. For example, a person's name, ...
65 views

### Why are modes of operation used, what attacks do they prevent?

I know you always need to use a mode of operation when using a block cipher, AES for example, and Wikipedia has a good explanation for what modes of operation are Now I know if i do not use a mode of ...
133 views

### Is creating a own protocol safe or should TLS always be used?

The more I start to learn about cryptography the more I hear it is unsafe to 'create' your own cryptographic protocol. With this I mean combining cryptographic primitives like HMAC, AES and RSA ...
148 views

### Can the same random number be used in encryption and signing?

In several public key algorithms, the person running the algorithm must generate a random number (that's separate from the key). Can this random number be the same for an encryption and a signature? ...
25 views

### Reordering of multiple signed blocks

I would like to refer you to page 430 of the Handbook of Applied Crypto, where the authors said "... reordering of multiple signed blocks presents a security risk..." This statement was made in ...
43 views

### Is this discrete log generalization a well known cryptographic assumption?

Assume you have a finite group $\mathbb{G}$ and an integer $n$. Given $g_1,\dots,g_n,t$ chosen uniformly from $\mathbb{G}$, consider the problem of finding a vector $(a_1,\dots,a_n)\in \mathbb{Z}^n$ ...
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268 views

### Reusing the random exponent for ElGamal encryption with different plaintexts

In the basic ElGamal encryption scheme, we encrypt a message $m$ as $(g^r, h^r m)$, where $g$ is the group generator and $h$ is the public key of the recipient. If the sender has another message $m'$ ...
59 views

### Key length requirement in a simple XOR implementation

I don't have much previous experience at all with cryptography, this is pretty much the first time I've tried anything similar. I'm trying to implement an extremely simple XOR encryption system in ...
134 views

### How do SignRecover and VerifyRecover work?

In PKCS#11, there are the SignRecover and VerifyRecover methods, where the data can be recovered from the signature. How do these methods work? Can I implement signrecover and verifyrecover with ...
368 views

### RFC 6979 - Why not simply hash the message & the private key for deterministic ECDSA?

Why go through the trouble of using the HMAC_DRBG process, instead of simply hashing [message | private key] to calculate $k$ for deterministic ECDSA? If the ...
311 views

### Why is AES unbreakable?

Why is it said that AES is unbreakable? Brute force attacks would take years to crack it, so is it possible to crack it if the computational speed of machines increase in the following decade?
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### AES-128/192 safer than AES-256 in practice? [duplicate]

Related-key attacks can break AES-192 and AES-256 with complexities 2^176 and 2^99.5, respectively. Quote from: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advanced_Encryption_Standard It seems that more ...
116 views

### Keeping the key and IV safe when AES256 encrypting publicly known data

I am encrypting some publicly known data, and some private data using the same key, using AES256 with CBC. An attacker does not have the ability to choose what the public data is. Is this safe? (It ...
197 views

### If a cipher has key length shorter than plaintext, then it is not perfectly secure

I am trying to verify the statement above. So far I only know that a One-Time-Pad is the only “perfectly secure” cipher. It has a key length which is exactly the same as the plaintext. I think the ...
61 views

### Security implications of public nonce

I'm planning to use the crypto_box() functions of Nacl (or, alternatively, the crypto_box_easy() functions of libsodium) to ...
70 views

### Can IGE mode be parallelized?

As far as I know, in IGE mode (infinite garble extension) each block depends on the previous one. In that case, can the encryption be parallelized? Is there some way to do it?
421 views

### Safe elliptic curve point addition using projective coordinates: How do I tell if the points are the same?

I am trying to implement elliptic curve point addition in hardware for NIST p256 and p384 curves. I have noticed the following issue with the suggested NIST routines: Consider routine 2.2.7 of ...
36 views

### Transport SA bundled inside a tunnel with encryption applied before authentication?

For IPsec I am considering different formats of ESP encryption and authentication. I am not sure what happens with "Transport SA bundled inside a tunnel with encryption applied before ...
105 views

### Performing differential cryptanalysis for randomly generated S-boxes

As far as I know, performing differential or linear cryptanalysis always requires a knowledge of the S-boxes' content and order. Yet in Bruce Schneier's Applied Cryptography, it is stated that random ...
51 views

### how to integrate 2-3 algorithms to encrypt large data fastly and securely insted using AES? [closed]

I am thinking to build an encryption algorithm which take less time when encrypt large data such as video,mp3 and which has security credential.
5k views

### Simple example for CP-ABE (Ciphertext policy attribute-based encryption)

I'm currently working on Ciphertext Policy Attribute-Based Encryption (CP-ABE). So far I'm only using it with a basic understanding how it actually works. Now I want to understand it a bit better, but ...
46 views

### What work goes into creating new asymmetric cryptosystems?

It's seems to me that it is rather easy to create a symmetric encryption algorithm (though not necessarily a secure one). They're a dime a dozen. The number of asymmetric encryption algorithms ...
116 views

### How does $g$ being a generator imply Diffie-Hellman's correctness?

In the Diffie-Hellman protocol for key exchange over an unsecured channel, we choose $p$ and $g$, where $g$ is a generator of $\mathbf{Z}_p^*$. However I want to know why this assumption makes the ...