# All Questions

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### Uniqueness of checksums using DES-MAC encryption?

I'm in an Intro to Computer Security class, and one concept I'm having trouble understanding is how two different files could produce the same checksum. How would you produce the same checksum given ...
36 views

### Simple application of verifiable random function?

I have been reading a little bit about verifiable random functions (e.g.). In the literature, these are described as "pseudo-random functions that provide a non-interactively verifiable proof for the ...
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### Which protocols / file formats use CBC with a random IV and without a MAC?

Disclaimer: I am a noob so this may well be a stupid question or one that's been asked before. I didn't see it come up after searching, though, so I'm going to assume it hasn't been asked here. The ...
61 views

### Testing implementation of cryptography algorithms: Brainstorm

I wonder what kind of techniques can be used to validate implementation of cryptography algorithms? The obvious one is to run specific algorithms against publically known test vectors (i.e. from ...
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### PyCrypto and AES: can i use a longer key than the block size (16byte)?

I see that in many scripts are used keys of 16 characters for a block of 16 byte, but can I use key of 40 (for example)? And then why in some scripts with aes module the block size is set to 32 byte ...
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### Which encryption is recommended for own messenger [closed]

I wrote my own messaging-app and now I would like to encrypt the data transfer between my client (app) and my server. What kind of encryption is easy to implement and can be recommended? I am very ...
44 views

### Three-Pass Protocol number theory

I've got a homework problem that I'm having a hard time understanding. It's for the Three-Pass Protocol, and we are given p, the three messages, and are told that the original plain text is one of two ...
323 views

### Sigma-protocol for 3SAT problem

I have some questions from previous years exams, I hope you could help me with them. :) Let $g,h$ denote generators of a group $G$ of large prime order $n$ such that $\log_g h$ is unknown to anyone. ...
132 views

### Streaming mode of operation that is more resistant against nonce reuse

Is it possible to create a streaming mode of operation where the reuse of a nonce does not destroy confidentiality? In this question it would be allowed for the streaming mode to leak if ciphertexts ...
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### Implications of pattern in finial digit of prime numbers [duplicate]

http://qz.com/639452/mathematicians-are-geeking-out-about-a-bizarre-discovery-in-prime-numbers/ What are the implications of this (very) new research on crytopgraphy? I would have thought this would ...
199 views

### How is a message digest decrypted?

Trying to get my head around digital signatures and hit a slight block. The book I am using gives the following information Device A hashes a message to create a message digest Device A encrypts ...
111 views

### RSA_DH vs ECDH implementation

In ECDH protocol is possible, naturally, to use the same algorithm for calculate a secret key for both communication parties (Alice and Bob for example). It is possible to design also a same algorithm ...
2k views

### Demonstrating the insecurity of an RSA signature encoding scheme

I'm working on problem 12.4 from Katz-Lindell. The problem is as follows: Given a public encoding function $\newcommand{\enc}{\operatorname{enc}}\enc$ and a textbook RSA signature scheme where ...
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### Can you update a (k,n) scheme to a (k+t, n+t) scheme (assuming old keys can be deleted)?

I know that $(k,n)$ can increased to $(k+t,n-s)$ one, by generating a random polynomial $p(x)$ of degree $k+t$ with constant term $0$, and then ordering each agent $a$ to add $p(a_x)$ (where $a_x$ is ...
702 views

### How to make a message into a polynomial on NTRU encryption?

How to make a message into a polynomial on NTRU encryption? for example how we can conver 'hello world' to polynomial... i have read the converting operation on IEEE Std 1363.1- 2008, but i can't ...
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### Asmuth-Bloom's threshold secret sharing scheme

I was learning Asmuth-Bloom's threshold secret sharing scheme. I was working out an example as given in this Wikipedia article. As per the example, the secret,d is 2, the number of shares, n is 4 and ...
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### Playfair Cipher Confusion with one column encryption

Recently I decided to learn "Playfair Cipher", and I have hit a road block. what do i substitute the letters for if they are on the same column? Here is an example: ...
97 views

### Difference between MAC and Authenticated Encryption?

I am currently studying authenticated encryption and I was wondering if there was a difference between using a MAC and authenticated encryption. It seemed like authenticated encryption schemes use ...
831 views

### Do these new insights into prime numbers affect encryption security?

Quanta Magazine reports: Two mathematicians have uncovered a simple, previously unnoticed property of prime numbers [...]. Prime numbers, it seems, have decided preferences about the final digits ...
102 views

### Why does AES ciphertext entropy always close to 8?

I have three binary files: 31744 byte length (1), 5712980 byte length (2) and 10806008 byte length (3). The alphabet is all 256 symbols from 00 to ff. I compute the shannon entropy, replacing ...
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### “Prime conspiracy”'s effect on cryptography [duplicate]

Recent news reported about the discovery of a "Prime Conspiracy" which can be read about here. In summary, researchers have discovered that the last digit of prime numbers have a greater ...
99 views

### Is there an asymmetric algorithm that can perform double encryption?

I'm looking for any asymmetric algorithm can perform the serial encryption, by serial I mean double or more encryption with different key(same key size). RSA can not do it since the cipher of the ...
48 views

### Encryption using two keys

Suppose we have two secret keys K1 and K2, I'd like to ask if there is any encryption scheme that allows us to derive another key K12 from K1, and K2 and for a message x, EK12(x) = EK1(EK2(x)). EK(x) ...
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### Key diversification is a good alternative?

This is just a concept question that I need to clarify, I know that you can use key diversification as an alternative to store different symmetric keys in a database. Key diversification uses a "...
131 views

### How do I attack an RSA setup where e is even?

As a challenge, we were shown an RSA setup where we have a big $n$ (617 decimal digits), $e=4$, and asked to recover three messages. (However, the messages are padded to the same length as the key ...
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### Why do we need Euler's totient function $\varphi(N)$ in RSA?

After we calculated $N = p * q$, we calculate $\varphi(N)$ and use it later to determine $e$ (PR) and $d$ (PU). But why? For decryption and encryption we only use $N$ and don't need $\varphi(N)$. So ...
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### Format preserving encryption

Can format preserving encryption be used for any other applications than Credit card, pan card or social security numbers? If, could you provide a few examples for my further research on the topic?
187 views

### What is the impact of a server not fully verifying the data in the Client Finished packet of a TLS connection?

F5 BIG-IP devices suffer from a vulnerability in which not all bytes of the Finished packet in a TLS connection are validated. The sort-of technical description can be found here. F5 don't consider it ...
225 views

### ElGamal Generator g problem

Having an ElGamal encryption scheme with p=19 which value can not be assigned to g? The answers were : 1,7,11,2 I think you can't assign value 1 to g.
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### Bilinear map assumpion

Is there an assumption that says from a tag $k\cdot e(g,g_1)^{rx}$ ($k,r$ are secret) it is difficult to forge it with some x': $k\cdot e(g,g_1)^{rx'}$, as long as you cannot solve DL in $\mathbb{G}_1$...
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### Many time pad attack (XOR) [duplicate]

The question is quite similar to Many time pad attack and I was trying to rely on the top answer, but still am a bit confused, so any explanation and help will be much appreciated. Assume I have a ...
308 views

### Testing hash functions for collision resistance

I was hoping to implement a software that allows testing a user-defined hash function for cryptographic properties (Meant to pique interest in cryptographic hash function for a school showcase), as ...
176 views

### Cracking simple RSA when just the ciphertext and one public key is known

Can someone explain to me (Or better yet, point me to a tool that does the brute forcing) how to crack a standard, simple RSA cipher (So don't bother with padding) if I know just one public key, the ...
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### Some questions about the internals of bcrypt [duplicate]

I'm attempting to get a better understanding of cryptography and have run into some questions about bcrypt. Bcrypt relies on the blowfish cipher, which is a reversible method of encryption. But ...
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### Reverse Encryption Algorithm from Decryption code

I have the code for a decryption algorithm but I'm struggling to figure out how to reverse it into the original encryption code. ...
330 views

### Using Lattice-based cryptography for TLS\SSL

Given the general benefits of Lattice-based cryptography, such as: Post quantum Security Security from worst case scenario Efficiency What could the outlook of shifting from RSA \ ECC-based ...
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### Is there a password hash function with a human component?

Sort of Related: Is there a cryptographic hash function that can be performed with pencil and paper? One problem with hashing passwords is that the attacker has more of everything it seems. More ...
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### How randomized block cipher works?

In order to prevent known plaintext attack in case of block cipher, a simple randomization technique can be used: $E(M||R)$, here $R$ is a random bit sequence which is only available to the sender.The ...
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### Why inversion and multiplication operations are costly in elliptic curves?

There are several algorithms for efficient scalar multiplication of an arbitrary point P(x,y) by some positive integer k in elliptic curves defined over $F_{p}$ or $F_{2^{m}}$. The scalar ...
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### python v.3.4.2 cryptography systems [closed]

does anybody know how to encrypt and decrypt using python3.4 shell cos i was wondering why people have been creating cryptographic lists then inputting them into python. The lists look something ...
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### Why does HS1-SIV not encrypt the SIV with the PMN and key?

HS1-SIV is a good nonce-misuse-resistant, two-pass, AEAD scheme that is part of the CAESAR competition. However, it suffers from forgeries if the SIV collides. It seems to me that encrypting the SIV ...
196 views

### Zero Knowledge - Who is greater?

I just encountered the term "zero-knowledge" and wanted to know more about it. I understood that there is a zero knowledge protocol between two parties to determine whether $x$ is greater than, equal ...
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### Given enough RSA signature values, is it possible to determine the public key value?

Given enough RSA signature values, is it possible to determine which public key is required to verify the values? Could there be enough information to establish which key is required? Is there ...
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### What is the current encryption method used on GSM currently?

I am currently doing a mini project which sniffs GSM packets using gr-gsm and wireshark. I was wondering if anyone knows what is the name of the current encryption algorithm method used on GSM?