# All Questions

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### Breaking a PRNG Scheme

Assume the following scheme for a PRNG generating decimals in [0,100) Given a message and a key, compute tag := HMAC512(message, key). Take the first 5 hexadecimal characters of the tag. If the ...
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240 views

### How to calculate leaked information from a check digit

Given a check digit calculated using mod 11, of an encrypted numeric sequence of 8 digits, how much information can be known about the plaintext? More specifically, a single 3DES encrypted CBC block ...
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### Is this exponentation or bitwise XOR

I'm reading about SRP from this page and came accross the line that says a party computes v = g^x I am unfamiliar with reading cryptography texts. Does this mean gx, or g ⊕ x?
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### Have these compositions of block ciphers the same security?

I'm interested by the compositions of the block cipher DES, instantiated with independent keys $k_1$, $k_2$ and $k_3$. Are these 3 compositions equivalent in terms of security? ...
530 views

### RSA digital signature vs authenticated cipher

I want to provide both confidentiality and integrity for data at rest (many large files stored on disk). I plan to encrypt the data using AES, which will cover the confidentiality requirement. So ...
110 views

### Potential vulnerability in DH key selection - am I understanding this right?

I'm reading through a DH implementation, and I think I found a potential hole. Public $p$ and $g$ values are properly selected. A candidate secret value $\bar a$ is pseudo-randomly selected such ...
161 views

### How to use HMAC for large ciphertexts over TLS

HMAC used to secure chosen cipher-text attacks. if we are encrypting a large file (video) and sending it over TLS for decryption, how server can check MAC for ciphertext when we didn't sent whole of ...
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### How hard are discrete logarithms problems in $\mathbb Z^{*}_{n}$ and $\mathbb Z^{*}_{n^2}$, where $n$ is the RSA $n=pq$

Use the notations form the Wikipedia article Paillier Cryptosystem , assume that the chipertext $c$ and $c^{\lambda} \mod n^2$ are both given, is it possible to compute $\lambda$ easily?
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### Why does Rijndael with a 256-bit block require the bottom two rows to be shifted one more space than usual?

From Wikipedia: For a 256-bit block, the first row is unchanged and the shifting for the second, third and fourth row is 1 byte, 3 bytes and 4 bytes respectively. Why the change? Is there any ...
373 views

### How does using salt reduce rainbow table attack?

I could create a rainbow table for a particular salt value and still create a successful attack similar to one without salt value.
239 views

### How do single use passwords work for an encrypted message

LastPass encrypts its data before sending it to their servers. The key for the data is generated using a combination of the master password and username. How then can a one-time password be used to ...
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### Is frequency analysis a useful tool against encryption by multiplication?

If I transform natural plaintext by: making each letter two decimal digits, considering the whole as a decimal number; multiplying by the key (some integer constant), giving the ciphertext; would ...