# All Questions

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### What is the purpose of Pseudorandom Function Families (PRFs)?

I'm currently in a course in Cryptography, and was wondering why pseudorandom function families exist at all. If there existed one pseudorandom function f(x), based on its definition, could that not ...
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### Combining a block cipher with a (pseudo) OTP

One of the drawbacks of OTP is that it can require an inconveniently long key. Besides that, it doesn’t provide data authentication. Therefore, I have been working on an algorithm idea, which I hope ...
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### Elliptic curve cryptography related key attacks

This question is an extension of Families of public/private keys in elliptic curve cryptography As described above, bitcoin "type 2" deterministic wallets use a root private/public key pair, where ...
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### Does it make sense to have a 4000 bit long key?

My question is about the key length of a asymetric algorithm. How is it possible to memorize or remember a key that is about 4000 bits long?
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### When NIST disallows the use of 1024-bit keys, what effect will that have on SHA-3 (with max. 512 bits)?

Quoting the article Gone in 60 Months or Less: The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) has disallowed the use of 1024-bit keys after 31 December 2013 because they are insecure. ...
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### Would SHA-1 be safe for certificates with short validity?

There are articles floating around the topic of SHA-1 deprecation. The gist of it is that in (mostly) developing countries, people are still using mobile/computing devices that are 5 years old (or ...
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### How can I study the math behind cryptography? [closed]

I am a junior in high school and I am currently studying algebra 2. Where can I go to learn about the mathematics behind cryptography? I have a very basic knowledge of cryptography, but I am really ...
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### Translation of Schorr Ring Signature to ECSchnorr Ring Signature

I have to write an EC version of Schnorr Ring Signature Scheme. I've already wrote regular ECSchnorr Signature Scheme using this (page 128). I've found a scheme of Schnorr Ring Signature Scheme (page ...
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### Best modern cipher for morse code?

I am looking for a modern cipher to encode morse code, ie. input is [A-Z 0-9] (base36 as I learned in the comments below) and output is the same, one character at a ...
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### Implementation of ECC over binary field

I am supposed to implement ECC over binary field (in C++) for equations of the type - $y^2 + xy = x^3 + ax + b$, as my project. I wish to include the following features : The user will enter a prime ...
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### Elliptic Curve ElGamal and DSA - smooth group order and element of large prime order

In regular ElGamal and DSA, we choose large primes $p$ and $q$ such that $p\equiv 1\pmod{q}$, and a group element $g$ of order $q$ by computing $a^{(p-1)/q}$ for some random $a$. This is to prevent ...
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### Non-deniability of data sent over TLS

Andy is going to connect to a server Selma over TLS. Later, Andy would like to be able to publish everything (the ciphertexts, the plaintexts, all his keys) and prove to a mediator what data he sent ...
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### How to tell if a hardware RNG is rigged?

On a related note of building my own RNG, as someone suggested to use several commericial solutions how can I check if it is rigged against me? (although I am still strongly biased to a homebrew ...
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### Execution time for HMAC-MD5 on a 160 bit data using 128 bit key on a 3GHz CPU [closed]

I need to know the execution time for HMAC -MD5 for a 160 bit data using 128 bit key on a 3 Ghz CPU, kindly specify other parameters of the machine like RAM, operating system used etc
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### Historic Authentication Schemes Before Computers

The Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists recently ran an article about an alleged near miss with rockets in 1962, which raises some interesting cryptographic questions: ...
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### Is my pin algorithm secure?

I'm a hobby programmer and very new to this field. I opened a bank account recently and got two pins. One for the girocard and the other for a creditcard. And I needed two more pins for the online ...
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### Lattice attacks against Multilinear Maps [CLT13]

I am currently studying an article on a construction of Multilinear maps. There are some attacks on the scheme presented by the authors and I got stuck at the one in section 5.1. I will try to ...
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### Cost of attack on DSA with attack on DLP

Are there any (recent) estimates of cost of attack on DSA by solving the discrete logarithm? I'm especially interested in attacks that use Pollard's rho algorithm. Are there any optimized ...