# All Questions

261 views

### Information leakage in real-time voice encryption

I saw some time ago a post discussing the issues surrounding encryption of speech/voice in VoIP and how it can leak information (can't find it now). Can someone provide an insight into some of the ...
2k views

### Constructing RSA private key, given public key

As part of a puzzle I was given an RSA 256-bit public key and an encrypted message. The key itself is very weak, having exponent e = 65537 and modulus N = ...
209 views

### Proof that a function constructed from a PRP is, or is not a PRF?

Let $E$ be a family of Pseudo-Random Permutations of $b$ bits, with $E_K$ indistinguishable from random permutation with effort less than $O(2^b)$, easily computable as well as the inverse ...
1k views

### How can I break a Vigenère cipher with partial plain text?

I have an exercise to do regarding Vigenère encryption. I've got the cipher text: WNZTNVIEEGTJYKRRWYUELWNZTNV and a partial plain text: ...
2k views

### Secure private key storage

I'm developing application in Java that has to store RSA keys in software for foreseeable future (that is, at least 10 years). The two most common standards of storing private keys are PKCS12 and JKS ...
553 views

### Additive ElGamal cryptosystem using a finite field

I'm trying to implement a modified version of the ElGamal cryptosystem as specified by Cramer et al. in "A secure and optimally efficient multi-authority election scheme", which possesses additive ...
309 views

### Untraceable communication protocol

I am doing a research about secure communication protocols. I would be interested to know whether a protocol exists such that it grants that the two end-points taking part to the communication cannot ...
557 views

### Advanced Encryption Standard Algorithm Secret Key

just a follow up question with this question.. How does the key schedule of Rijndael looks for keysizes other than 128 bit? A 256-bit key can still encrypt a block of plaintext in 128 bit? but in ...
2k views

### Does encrypting twice using the same block cipher produce a security weakness?

If I use the output of a cipher, for example a block cipher such as AES and encrypt it again with the same algorithm, I read that this introduces weaknesses into the overall security of the system. ...
205 views

### Is a subset of a random set still random?

Suppose you have an infinite list of random bytes, and you select the first N bytes that correspond to printable ASCII characters. Is this list of N bytes still as secure (e.g. for the purpose of a ...
99 views

### Is the following scheme secure for different cipher

Let's say I have two keys K1 and K2. two messages M1 and M2 of the same length. Cipher (E,D) 3 ciphertexts: C11, C12,C22 where Cij = E(Ki, Mj) In situation ...
374 views

### What is the computational cost of a public key certificate signature verification?

What is the computational cost of a certificate signature verification in terms of exponentiation, multiplication and other computation operations?
194 views

### Helper data authentication in PUFs

As I understand, PUFs work by using two procedures: generation and reproduction. Generation reads a value $w$ from a fuzzy source and generates a key $R$ and helper data $P$. Then, in the reproduction ...
284 views

### How safe is it to derive MAC key from a hashed password?

Imagine I have a blob that I want to encrypt-then-MAC. Now, what I can realistically ask my users for (out of UX considerations) is just an encryption password. Naturally, I bcrypt original password ...
145 views

### Is a using salt important when creating a hash data validator?

I am creating a service that will return an set of objects, which will be used by multiple systems. At the end of the process, one (or more) of the objects will be sent back to our system for ...
139 views

### What is sent on the initial communication with Kerberos?

When a user wants to communicate with another user (let's say Alice and Bob), what is sent over the network during the initial communication? Alice uses her Kerberos client and enters her password ...
202 views

### Does RSA operate over a Finite Field (Galois Field)?

Is it correct to say that RSA operates over a Finite Field (Galois Field)? In this case GF(p)? I do understant that the modulo in RSA is not itself a prime number, but all the operations ...
210 views

### SHA1 Collisions - what about practical attacks?

I understand the theorical problem with hash collision but when it comes to practice, I get very confused. Suppose a attacker would like to forge a certificate (or any kind of strucutred piece of ...
160 views

### Secure way to derive separate encryption and MAC keys from a single master key?

I want to derive a 256 bit encryption key and a 256 bit MAC key from a single 256 bit master key for an authenticated encryption scheme. I was considering the following construction to derive the two ...
78 views

### Why verify padding at all?

Whenever a ciphertext is decrypted using a block-cypher, we need to remove the padding. There are different ways to add padding, but they usually set the last byte of the last block to the number of ...
1k views

### Is secp256r1 more secure than secp256k1?

Curves secp256r1 and secp256k1 are both examples of two eliptic curves used in various asymmetric cryptography. Googling for these shows most of the top results are Bitcoin related. I've heard the ...
182 views

### Attacking unuauthenticated RSA

In symmetric cryptography, a scheme is not considered secure if the data transmitted is only encrypted. The adversary will be able to modify messages to generate encrypted messages of his choice ...
90 views

### CBC-MAC key can be added to ciphertext?

I use AES both CBC and CBC-MAC to encrypt some stuff. I generate one key for CBC and one different key for CBC-MAC. Does the second key (for CBC-MAC) need to be secret? How to join such key with the ...
344 views

### AES256-GCM - can someone explain how to use it securely (ruby)

I am looking into using AES256-GCM for encrypting some database fields. I know that for AES256-CBC, I need to generate a new IV for each encrypt, but I can use the same key. The IV can be openly ...
332 views

### Why does AES-GCM need MAC? (TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256)

"TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256" is just one example for a cipher suite, as far as I'm concerned it means this: it uses the TLS protocol, exchanges keys with Elliptic Curve Diffie Hellman ...
88 views

### Does $i^n=j^n$ for $i, j \in GF(2^q)$ and $i \neq j$ for some $n<2^q-1$

Let $i, j \in GF(2^q)$ and $i \neq j$ and $i,j\neq0$. Is that possible that $i^n=j^n$ for some $n$ such that $0 < n < 2^q-1$? I am looking for a proof if the answer is no, or for a method to ...
260 views

### What are the key differences between the draft SHA-3 standard and the Keccak submission?

I just noticed that on the NIST website there is a PDF with a draft of the SHA-3 standard (i.e. FIPS 202) (marked as "new", and seemingly the page was last changed on April 7, 2014). Previously it ...
174 views

### Is that possible to use encryption higher than 256-bit?

When browsing websites with Chrome sometimes I can see a green lock and encryption info inside. It says the connection with this website is 128-bit or 256-bit encrypted with TLS1.2. So I'm wondering ...
141 views

### Security proof of FO(Fujisaki-Okamoto) hybrid encryption

The proof of FO hybrid encryption is hard to understand. $\:$ Especially, how does the challenger respond to the decryption queries when the challenger can only have some encryption queries? Can ...
414 views

### LFSR get output from characteristic polynomial?

Say you have a characteristic polynomial of an LFSR: $$f(X) = X^4 + X^3 + 1$$ How can I use this function f to get the output of the LFSR, given some initial state? Obviously I can create the LFSR ...
199 views

### Is a random oracle controled by the challenger?

When proving a Crypto scheme security under random oracle model, is the random oracle always controlled by the challenger? What if the Hash is only used by the adversary?
186 views

### Is it meaningful to consider the leakage of master key of KGC?

In the Identity-based cryptography, the user's private key in the systems is delivered by the key generation center(KGC). My question is : Is it meaningful to consider the leakage of master key of ...
119 views

### Choice of reduction polynomial in Whirlpool's internal cipher

Whirlpool is an interesting little hash function in the Miyaguchi-Preneel family. In my mind, it's most interesting feature is the design of internal cipher W, where the distinction between key and ...
283 views

### Breaking a PRNG Scheme

Assume the following scheme for a PRNG generating decimals in [0,100) Given a message and a key, compute tag := HMAC512(message, key). Take the first 5 hexadecimal characters of the tag. If the ...
198 views

### A specific way for deniable encryption

I read the summary of deniable encryption on wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deniable_encryption Then I read a question, by doom123 on security.SE: ...
109 views

305 views

### Definition of a CSPRNG

I am interested in what conditions are necessary and sufficient to define a cryptographically secure pseudo-random number generator (CSPRNG). Wikipedia lists two defining characteristics: It ...
220 views

### Is there a companion algorithm for OTP to ensure integrity and/or authentication?

One-Time Padding is (theoretically) perfect encryption algorithm. Let's assume that these problems are solved: Fast generation of independent and identically distributed random variables Perfect key ...