# All Questions

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### Will X9.31 remain a secure & acceptable deterministic random generator beyond 2015?

I am actually looking for available crypto libraries including a deterministic random generator for the purpose of a dedicated crypto key generator unit. I have a simple question about the X9.31 based ...
89 views

### Block size vs key size confusion

I understand that if a block cipher has $k$-bit keys and $n$-bit input/output blocks, then if $k>n$, we can expect one message-ciphertext pair to narrow us down (I think?) to $2^{k-n}$ possible ...
140 views

### Verifying DER encoded DSA/ECDSA signature with extra content?

Having a DSA/ECDSA signature which is supposed to be DER encoded as an ASN.1 sequence of $r$ and $s$ (as described in the RFC), and being given some bytes which are ...
211 views

### Stream cipher with Diffie-Hellman and Cryptographic Hash Function? [duplicate]

I know: Never do your own crypto. But this question is just theoretical. Assume you do a Diffie-Hellman Key Exchange with a server to produce a shared secret $x$. Then use a cryptographic hash ...
64 views

### Why is device ownership useful? [migrated]

There are two scenarios that I have saw device ownership. In TPM, there is an ownership establishment procedure. When we purchase a new cell phone, the SIM card activation also has some ownership ...
32 views

### FEAL-4 Fk Function 4 Rounds

As I understood in FEAL-4 it needs 4 pair of round keys. Which means that we need to launch Fk function 4 times, but the problem occures on the 2nd round. At first round we have original 64 bits key ...
50 views

### CCA security in double encryption [duplicate]

my friend and I are trying to reach out a convenient security solution for CCA when we encrypt the message m two times, first for m to get c and then for c to get C(so it is one inside other). I have ...
246 views

### How do zero knowledge protocol with vertex-3-coloring work?

I'm currently not sure if I understood how the zero knowledge protocol with vertex-3-coloring works. I'll describe what I think I've understood and I'll write my questions in bold. ...
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### What approach is used here? [closed]

Here is an image hidding some information. I need to discover, what is the hidden text. I tried to interpret this as 27 letter alphabet(with space) in columns, tried this with Ceasar cipher. No ...
62 views

### Does Ed25519 support cryptographic threshold signatures?

This is a loaded question so I'll list the concerns, not all of which need to be satisfied. Does there exist a threshold-signature scheme for Ed25519 that... Does not require a trusted dealer to ...
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### SHA1 Collisions - what about practical attacks?

I understand the theorical problem with hash collision but when it comes to practice, I get very confused. Suppose a attacker would like to forge a certificate (or any kind of strucutred piece of ...
83 views

### Encrypting with Davies-Meyer hash function scheme

So I need to to illustrate Davies-Meyer hash function for a message “123” with 1-byte blocks. I can use the extended ASCII representation where each character is represented as a byte. And I can pick ...
21k views

### Should we MAC-then-encrypt or encrypt-then-MAC?

Most of the time, when some data must be encrypted, it must also be protected with a MAC, because encryption protects only against passive attackers. There are some nifty encryption modes which ...
81 views

### Is any group of bits in a SHA-1 hash more/less unique than another?

Is there any bias in certain parts of the hash? E.g., first n bits are more/less unique than the last/middle n bits? Is there ...
127 views

### In cryptographic protocols, what protects against an attacker dropping messages?

In some cryptographic protocols I have seen messages protected for confidentiality, authenticity, replaying attacks, reordering attacks, etc. What protects a protocol from an attacker in a ...
164 views

### Including a “purpose” designation in a digital signature

A signature of some data can mean many different things, such as: This is a message I sent, this is a certificate I validated,... So I was surprised that common signing schemes don't include a ...
99 views

### Crytosystems used to generate public key certificate

Where can we find the cryptosystems used to generate public key certificate? Are the cryptosystems under the signature algorithm and signature hash algorithm? Do I need to analyze the packets ...
84 views

### Roots in modulo field

I have a point $(X,Y)$ on an elliptical curve $E(a,b)$ where $a=-3$ and $B$ is a large number that is in hexadecimal from -51BD. To compress this point oficially in a program, we know that every $X$ ...
23 views

### Modulo Square Roots [duplicate]

Here's my issue and someone can help me understand it so I can program it correctly. I have a point(X,Y) on an Elliptical Curve E(a,b) where a=-3 and B is a large number that is in hexidecimal from ...
208 views

### Questions on rank-attacks in Multivariate Cryptography

While reading this article on rank attacks on STS (a public-key scheme based on Multivariate Quadratic (MQ) equations), I stumbled upon some claims that I've also seen in other presentations on ...
158 views

### Flaw in the security definition of *Stateful* Authenticated Encryption?

I'm in search of the correct definition of a stateful authenticated encryption scheme (sAE), and its related security notion. This has been treated several times in the academic literature, however, ...
105 views

### Is the salt used with PBKDF2 secret?

I have two network endpoints that need to use the same derived key. Can the server send the salt to the client 'in the clear'?
160 views

### What are SNARKs?

What does it mean and what is it used for, I have been hearing this term a lot lately. From the context I've heard it talked about it seems to be connected with zero knowledge?
67 views

### point decompression on a elliptical curve

I'm programming an elliptical curve cryptography system and I'm having difficulty with decompressing points. The following information is from my project specification as to my understanding: Given a ...
115 views

### Secure double encryption using CPA and CCA

Do you mind if you give me any hints, links or ideas about how to improve the security of double regular encryption and decryption, by using CPA game and CCA game, it sounds interesting question, and ...
76 views

### Initialize the eight working variables SHA256

I have a little confusion in understanding explanation of SHA256 by FIPS a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h are being initialized as (this is what i don't understand) 2 . ...
831 views

### Lamport signature: How many signatures are needed to forge a signature?

Lamport signature: Signing the message Note that now Alice's private key is used and should never be used again. The other 256 random numbers that she did not use for the signature she must never ...
61 views

### Generating an RSA public key certificate (.pem) from only a modulus

Let's say I do this: ...
63 views

### Arithmetic modulo 1

In the context of lattice-based cryptography, in particular the Learning With Errors (LWE) problem, I see some definitions given in terms of equations modulo 1 (see for example, Appendix A of this ...
33 views

### Retrieve timestamp from TOTP value

TOTP (Time-based One-Time Password) as I understand is an algorithm that uses the current time as a variable along with a shared key to generate a secured token. Wiki page for reference: ...
88 views

### My own encryption algorithm - if someone can brake [closed]

I wrote recently my own encryption algorithm. I want to test it so, since I know that here are a lot of professionals, I will write here some encrypted text and if someone is able to decrypt it please ...
52 views

### Using machine-learning techniques for data-dependent operations in ciphers

From 'Methods of Symmetric Cryptanalysis' by Dmitry Khovratovich, The data-dependent operations are one of the most controversial design concepts. We say that an operation is data-dependent, if it ...
16 views

### Timestamp assignment and meaning

I have an entity A sending a message to another, B. An encrypted message is signed with a timestamp TB, and then the whole thing is signed again with a new key and new timestamp TA. What i'm ...
63 views

### Why is proving “parties' views are simulatable” enough in semi-honest model?

To prove a protocol is secure in semi-honest model, we have to prove: the view of each party, on each possible pair of inputs, can be efficiently simulated based solely on its own input and and ...
46 views

### Oblivious transfer variation question

Now I am doing a variation of the oblivious transfer, I have to use 2 people, pebbles, and boxes. I need to find out if who has a larger number between Alice and Bob (variation of Yao's Millionaires' ...
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### Crypto libary with Commutative Encryption

I want to implement Mental Poker in JavaScript as a toy program and lead in to a larger serious project so I did my research and found Massey-Omura cryptosystem and the Shamir three-pass protocol ...
43 views

### Soundness of GRC.com Haystack padding concept [migrated]

I was wondering how sound is the concept presented by the Gibson Research Corporation (see below if you do not want to follow the link) about simple passwords (= very easy to remember) with the ...
102 views

### how to calculate non linearity of AES S-box?

S-box has to satisfy different design criteria. How to calculate non-linearity , propagation criteria for an AES S-box?
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### practical use of homomorphic encryption

Are RSA and Elgamal partially homomorphic techniques? which one is better if one want to use it for practical purpose? and is there some FHE technique which can be used practically?
60 views

### Complexity of preimage resistance

Why is the complexity of pre-image resistance $2$ raised to the power of $n$? I have been looking in everything lecture about pre-image resistance, but I still didn't know the answer.
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### I don't care about replay attacks. What should I do with the nonce in nacl?

My system forwards encrypted and/or signed messages on a gossip network. Replay is part of the design. What should I do with the nonce? I'm tempted to just set it to the same number always. Is this a ...
136 views

### Can a secret message be securely transmitted within a MAC tag?

A sender wants to transmit an ultra secret code $M$ which could be either 'go', 'stop' or 'wait'. This could be any selection of code words really and adopted for any use such as transmitting short ...
Double hashing can surely provide more security than only one layer of hashing but does that necessarily mean it is more collision resistant? This question in a more mathematical form: If $H$ is a ...