# All Questions

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### Cyclic group collision resistant keyed cryptographic hash function

I am self-studying cryptography from a book and have come across a really difficult question that's doing my head in. I would be very grateful if somebody can help me out here with this difficult ...
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### Security of $(k, 2k)$-bit generator for small seeds

Here is the problem I am working on for context. I have $\epsilon \le 1 - 2^{-k}$ and $\epsilon$ approaches 1 as $k \to \infty$ but I'm stuck on part c). The $f$ is secure iff there does not ...
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### Example describing Baek and Zheng’s threshold identity-based decryption scheme

I am trying to work through an example of Baek and Zheng’s “threshold identity-based decryption scheme” and I tried a lot to solve this, but somewhere I’m doing something wrong. I hope someone can ...
282 views

### What was the first MD5 collision ever constructed?

We all know that MD5's collision resistance is severly broken. But when thinking of "random" strings with great cryptographic importance I've come up with NIST's curve seeds and MD5 collisions. But ...
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### Is there a signature scheme for the Cramer-Shoup cryptosystem?

I have a project that I have to use cryptosystem and signature scheme for it. I've read about Cramer-Shoup cryptosystem and I want to use it since it is more secure the ElGamal cryptosystem, but, I ...
256 views

### Implementing CBC Encryption Using Decryption

I've implemented this algorithm, which, working from the end of the message backwards, creates a valid CBC ciphertext from any plaintext, using the block cipher's decryption operation instead of the ...
120 views

### Where is Signaturevalue in Certificate?

Where is the Digital Signature value in my certificate? I can find Signature Algorithm and Signature Hash algorithm. Also why there are two fields specifying the Signature's Hash? With Signature ...
54 views

### Encryption on the cloud with versioning

Can file-versioning, which is available for instance in Dropdox, weaken the security of encrypted files if someone is able to see two or more snapshots of the ciphertext at different times? To be ...
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### What is the meaning of the overlapping region on OTP-perfect secrecy diagram?

I'm new to cryptography. I want to ask about OTP-perfect secrecy diagram like figure below: On the overlapping region (middle), notated by R(X;Y;Z). R can be calculated by I(X;Y) - I(X;Y|Z). ...
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### 2 round GOST_28147-89 cipher distinguisher

So, here is the scheme of how this will look graphically: The deal is to present distinguisher for this cipher. First of all here is my drafts: Way 1 Assume that distinguisher displays in ...
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### Advantages of the general digraph trust model over the strict hierarchical model

Are there any advantages of using reverse certificates and the general digraph trust model over the strict hierarchical trust model as described here: In the digraph model each CA can generate ...
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### I am trying to generate a permutation of polynomial with order m

Suppose m = 5 and N = 64. How do I choose the coefficients such that the polynomial is a permutation of nos from 0 to 63.?
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### How do substution-permutation networks work?

I understand what's going on in higher level. But i don't understand what's really going on in page 3 and 4 of this slide. Specifically, How S0 and S1 is used? What goes in what goes out? How ...
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### Can the key-complement property of DES be used against 3DES?

The comments in this recent question about the security of 3DES made me wonder if the key complement property of DES (which reduces its security by ~1 bit) can be used in the meet-in-the-middle attack ...
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### Why is public key cryptography (RSA) used in sites like Google or Facebook?

The RSA algorithm is used for encryption (plain text to cipher text) and decryption (cipher text to plain text) of data. What is the need for using public keys in these sites; why is data is encrypted ...
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### Setting up of polynomials for CP-ABE or KP-ABE Access Trees

My question I guess is how the selection is done. A brief explanation with a simple access tree will be very helpful.
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### What is the 'identity function' in AES?

I'm trying to understand how AES works. I got as far as knowing how a password is converted to an unifinished key with the PBKDF2 function. After that RFC3962 says that an AES useable key most be ...
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### A confusion on the proof of Yao's theorem (Yao 82)

I'm reading the proof of Yao's theorem on Boaz Barak's lecture, the main part of the proof is the following claim: My question is: How can we say "without loss of generality" here? Since ...
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### Could use an explanation of the notation for an oracle adversary

In the definition below, what exactly does it mean for the adversary (not even sure that's the correct term?) to equal one? $$\underset{K}{Pr} \left [A^{F_k(\cdot)} = 1 \right ]$$ Source (Page ...
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### How to calculate mapping in bilinear

I am trying to read a paper in cryptography. In key generation phase, paper give a definition for bilinear like G and Gt be two cyclic groups of prime order p $e: G * G \to G_t$. be a map with the ...
129 views

### UKS attack on KEA protocol

I'm trying to understand the UKS attack on KEA protocol. This is described in this paper: Security Analysis of KEA Authenticated Key Exchange Protocol So to summarize: KEA protocol: UKS ...
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### Is the warning given by chrome warranted?

I went to a payment page on a site recently, and chrome was warning me that the page is possibly not secure, I have a very basic understanding of crypto but not enough to fully understand why this ...
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### Breaking El Gamal defined over Sn

How can we break EL-GAMAL Encryption defined over Sn the permutation group ? Kindly give the efficient algorithm for it.
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### Length of encryption password aes-256-cbc

I'm encrypting a file with sensitive information with cat secret | openssl aes-256-cbc -a -salt > secret.enc I am choosing a random encryption password with ...