# All Questions

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### How to generate a bilinear group of prime order p for key generation

I asked the same question before. But an unregistered user i haven't any privilege to comment. So i am repeating my same question. I am trying to implement an IEEE Paper In Cryptography. I read many ...
182 views

### Is it possible to perform a rudimentary asymmetric key encryption algorithm by hand?

I have at least three, distinct motivations for having a simple way to use asymmetric key encryption by hand or without modern computers. First, I was recently demonstrating to a 12-year-old how ...
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### How to generate a bilinear group of prime order p [duplicate]

I am trying to implement an IEEE Paper In Cryptography. I read many reference regarding an RSA key generation. But i am confused with above statement. Please someone explain me What it says with ...
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### Simulation-based proofs and universal composability proofs

I recently read Ran Canetti's famous UC paper but I'm still trying to wrap my head around the concepts. I think this answer has me confused a bit, particularly where it says The stand-alone ...
8k views

### How can one securely generate an asymmetric key pair from a short passphrase?

Background info: I am planning on making a filehost with which one can encrypt and upload files. To protect the data against any form of hacking, I'd like not to know the encryption key ($K$) used for ...
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### Upper bound on r* on page 7 in the Scale Invariant Fully Homomorphic Encryption over the Integers paper

I was hoping to get some clarification on how the bound on r* was calculated (bottom of page #7). I'm trying to reproduce the results that have been shown, however I keep getting a slightly smaller ...
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### Is it safe to use AES-CBC like this?

Is it safe to generate the IV for AES-CBC as the following? It's like the real IV is all zeros. The first block of data will be a low-entropy but unique data. Once the first block is encrypted, the ...
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### Does CPA attack assumption requires the oracle to have the key?

In CPA model, we assume Eve has access to an oracle who has the correct key and Eve can send query to the oracle to encrypt in CPA the data. Assume this encryption algorithm is a plain ECB mode AES ...
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### Why should $a,b < N$ for Montgomery Reduction?

In Montgomery reduction, when calculating $a \times b \mod N$, it is required that $a \lt N$ and $b \lt N$. I think $0 \le T \lt N \times R$ is enough for the Montgomery Reduction. Rationale: Let ...
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### Is it possible to get my x,y coordinates from my “secret exponent”?

...or is that possible? I am very new to cryptography! But, I think it's very interesting!! I have autism and numbers "are my thing" :) I already understand a couple of things. For example I know ...
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### Can the Smart-Vercauteren Homomorphic Encryption be implemented as a practical fully homomorphic encryption scheme?

Smart and Vercauteren proposed a homomorphic encryption scheme (PKC 2010) following Gentry's principles. ​ Though their scheme can achieve fully homomorphism theoretically, they admitted that "for ...
60 views

### Stern identification scheme to signature scheme

I'm trying to understand the comment in the page 103 of the book Postquantum Cryptography. about convert the identification Stern procedure for signing. Can you write an example of signature of this ...
333 views

### Compact digital signature for noisy data

The question asks for a signature scheme, with a public verification procedure, that is tolerant to minor alterations of the signed data during its transmission [possibly in analog form over some ...
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### Key derivation function in theory & practice

I am implementing a cryptographic protocol and I'd like to generate a set of seeds using a seed for a pseudo-random function. The reason is that I can pass on only one seed and it can be used to ...
5k views

### In RSA, do I calculate d from e or e from d?

In the original paper introducing RSA, it is implied that one should first choose $d$ and then calulate $e$ from $p$, $q$, and $d$. However, I have found in other places (such as the wikipedia article ...
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### Semantic Security and Equal Message Length in the Context of Public Key Cryptography

A lot of definitions for semantic security make use an experiment $\text{Exp}$ which is performed between a challenger $\mathcal{C}$ and an adversary $\mathcal{A}$ that begins as follows: ...
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### Given PRNG $G(s)$, why is $G(s) || G(s+1)$ not a PRNG?

I have given a pseudorandom Generator $G(s)$, $|s|=n$ whose expansion $l(n)$ is $>2n$. I also know that $G^\prime(s) := G(s_1,\ldots,s_{\lfloor\frac{n}{2}\rfloor})$ is a pseudorandom generator. Now ...
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### How does a Hashing algorithm always result in a digest in a fixed size?

This question revolves around the Hashing Algorithm attribute that the resulting digest is always the same size (also known as Fixed Width). For example, whether you hash the word "hello", or 10gb ...
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### Looking for zip-like file archiver with strong asymmetric encryption [migrated]

I need a mechanism that in essence locks a file so it cannot be modified. It's contents must be read-only and one must be able to view, just like an http connection, the SSL key-chain. Some kind of ...
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### How long does it take to decrypt an RSA/ECB encrypted message?

I am working on assignment where I have specific scenarios and I am little bit struggling with this one. Alice sends and email to Bob.For this e-mail, she uses the following method of encryption: ...
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### Is this a correct way of use symmetric encryption?

If I want to encrypt some block of text in AES, but at the time of decryption I don't have a way to check if the symmetric key is the correct one. So I: Generate a randomKey, and use that to encrypt ...
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### Signing/verification between Java and the OpenSSL

I'm trying to sign/verify data between a C application and a Java application. In java for now I was using the built-in JCE provider with SHA256withRSA as ...
205 views

### Keyless integrity checking with SHA-256

Currently a program is loading some files from an untrustworthy source (e.g. a CDN) which could have been tampered with. It has a known SHA-256 hash of the file stored locally, then it downloads the ...
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### How does hacking work exactly? [closed]

I've seen alot of posts on the web asking the same thing or "how to hack" but the answers all say that you need to know programming, this, that, etc. It's all very generic. Boiling it down to the ...
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### Is it an overkill to add external integrity check to the AES-GCM encoding?

There is a java library for android which implements integrity checking to predefined encrypting mode(which can be found here). Short class description from author page to avoid further questions ...
29 views

### Using AWS KMS with AES GCM

I am implementing client-side encryption for data stored in AWS DynamoDB, and was wondering about the correct use of AWS KMS for key management in addition to using AES/GCM. I am using the master key ...
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### Elligator-2 against curves over Fq, q mod 4 = 3

It appears that the conditions for applicability of Elligator-2 against many of the SaveCurves curves, where $q \mod 4 = 3$ will inevitably poke a hole in the bit-string set over $(0, 1, .. (q-1)/2)$. ...
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### How to compare the efficiency of public key cryptosystems, i.e., RSA vs El Gamal?

As part of my Mathematics degree I'm taking a Discrete Mathematics module which partially covers Public Key Cryptography but does not at all enter it in depth. I'm currently working on a project that ...
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### Securely generating auth tokens

(Disclaimer: I'm an experienced server-side Java programmer, but with little crypto experience.) Objective: I've got a login server which, given a login+password pair, should issue a unique auth ...
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### Are there any real-world E-voting systems in use with the Paillier cryptosystem?

There are a lot of theories of Paillier cryptosystem with references to e-voting. Are there any real-world E-voting systems in use with the Paillier cryptosystem?
336 views

### Is there a scheme where two cipher texts can be proven to have the same (unencrypted) content?

Is there a scheme where two ciphertexts (encrypted with different keys) can be proven to have the same (plaintext) content without disclosing the plaintext or any private keys? I assume that the ...
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### DES and using the S-Box 1

Can someone please check my work and correct me if I am wrong, I am just starting to learn about DES. I am trying to solve the following problem: Show that ...
52 views

### Is it OK to use a secret IV as key when creating keyed MD5 checksum for fixed-size data?

Is it OK to use a secret IV as key when creating keyed MD5 checksum for fixed-size data? Because data size is known, attacker cannot append anything. And I think it's hard to raise chosen-plaintext ...
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### Are there any FHE-MPC schemes implemented?

I want to know if there are any publicly available multiparty computation schemes derived from fully homomorphic encryption schemes. An example would be the implementation of this scheme ...
99 views

### Encrypt large data with RSA through blocks in java

I'm working on a communication protocol where a client sends encrypted data to a server. What happens is that in some point, the client creates a symmetric key used to create data digests through the ...
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### Cracking simple RSA when just the ciphertext and one public key is known

Can someone explain to me (Or better yet, point me to a tool that does the brute forcing) how to crack a standard, simple RSA cipher (So don't bother with padding) if I know just one public key, the ...
101 views

### Fast forwarding hash functions

We know that a good hash function is a one way/trapdoor function. Easy to calculate one way, harder to work out a previous state. I was wondering if anyone knew a good hashing system that allowed ...
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### Symmetric encryption using RSA for random generated password

I'm fairly new to encryption, so I wanted to check the logic for a .net solution I'm working on that encrypts data between two parties. the receiving (decrypting) party will have an RSA key pair ...
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### Why is Tor alone not enough to guarantee anonymity for Bitcoin?

Why is Tor alone not enough to guarantee anonymity for Bitcoin? Why do we need the constructions like Zerocoin?
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### What part of an RSA key is referred to by the number of bits? [duplicate]

When we speak about 4096- or 2048-bit RSA keys, what part of the key is this number of bits? The public key comprises both the modulus and the public exponent, and the strength of the key can also be ...
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### Proving collision resistance of a hash function?

Let $f$, $g$, and $h$ be hash functions that each map binary strings of length $2n$ to binary strings of length $n$. Suppose that $h(x) = f(g(x)||g(x))$. Prove that if $f$ and $g$ are collision ...
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### Is it interesting to design stream ciphers parametrized by a CSPRNG?

Would it be interesting to have new stream ciphers whose design is parametrized by a CSPRNG? I.e. to instantiate the stream cipher, you just have to select and plug in any CSPRNG of your choice.
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### Do low-entropy fingerprints actually make any sense?

I'm thinking of ZRTP and OTR in particular here. From my understanding, after a Diffie-Hellman session is initiated, the shared secret is then hashed into a 4-digit number, which the two parties can ...
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### HMAC vs ECDSA for JWT

I will be implementing JSON web tokens into my website and have a question about implementing them. I have a choice of using two algorithms, HMAC-SHA256 and ECDSA-SHA256. I have used HMAC-SHA256 in ...
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### Branchless AES Implementation

Imagine a branchless implementation of the AES-128 cipher. Are there any benefits over the implementation that contains branches, other than possible prevention of timing attacks? Is it even true, ...
146 views

### Knowing pre-encryption data, can we find the private key CryptoWall used?

I'm just repurposing a question already asked about Cryptolocker for CryptoWall: "If we know exact contents of some of the files prior to them being encrypted, would it be feasible to use those ...
247 views

### Using a SHA512 hash to encrypt data

How can I judge the level of security with the following algorithm: I create a 64 byte hash using SHA512 via some input. I use this hash to iterate over the plaintext, byte by byte, and similarly ...
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### Managing data access through asymmetric cryptography

I want to manage authorization, as 3rd-party permissions, through asymmetric cryptography. I'm concerned about how it is possible to share access of encrypted data with N entities, be able to revoke ...
I have some questions from previous years exams, I hope you could help me with them. :) Let $g,h$ denote generators of a group $G$ of large prime order $n$ such that $\log_g h$ is unknown to anyone. ...