# All Questions

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### Distribution of hash values

I was wondering if the uniform distribution of hash values is a generally required criteria for cryptographic hash functions. The english wikipedia article only mentions four main properties. But it ...
35 views

### FHE Block ciphers' usage

There are currently FHE implementation for AES Simon Speck, and may be more. Except for speed testing, amortized or not, one meaningful usage is mitigating form side channel analysis. Intel, AMD, ...
2k views

### How to publish a cipher (concept)?

In the last months I was searching for a subject for my bachelor thesis. I came up with an idea for a new cipher concept that works by combining already known techniques in a (hopefully) new way. So ...
88 views

### New Improved Probabilistic version of RSA

On the 2nd page of "New probabilistic public-key encryption based on the RSA cryptosystem" by Roman'kov (PDF), at last it says Alice can find "f" of order "l" with least probability of (1-1/l). I ...
27 views

### RSA implemintations in LUA? [closed]

I know it's offtopic, but it's very important. Does anyone know any RSA implimitations for lua? I am using LuaJIT, so ffi is supported, but I can't use external C libs, only the lua scripts. It's ok ...
25 views

### How to add passphrase to an RSA key?

If I want to protect a private RSA key, do I just XOR the password into the key, or do I do something else? Is it secure? Edit: I got a good answer from a comment - Hash the password/passphrase with ...
45 views

### Is the one-time pad secure?

I have read about one-time pads (OTP) on Wikipedia. Is this secure? Can I actually use modular addition as ecryption like it said in Wikipedia? And the plaintext is as long as the OTP, so when I send ...
29 views

### Matrix-Key-Value [closed]

I have this matrix; I A C A A T A V A U A N I A S A and if I use 4,1 key I will get "invictus". How can it happen?
78 views

### Generating an IV for AES-CBC

I am faced with the task of generating a secure 256-bit IV for AES-CBC. I possess the following resources: A 32-bit microprocessor A 32-bit PRNG (can read/reseed) A 64-bit clock counter (can read) ...
185 views

### How to assess the strength of the avalanche effect for AES?

Within the scope of a study project I'm looking for an approach to assess the quality of AES encryption in practice. To do so, I modified the OpenSSL source code to be able to log metrics while ...
26 views

### Cracking vigenere of non-text cleartext

I've begun a course in crypto on coursera and the first homework was writing a vigenere(xor) cracker. It works, which was a rush :) but it makes one core assumption, one has encrypted a natural ...
38k views

### Possible ways to crack simple hand ciphers

We had a quiz in class today where we had to break the ciphertext with the key given, but not the algorithm. Suffice to say that I wasn't able to decrypt it within the allotted time of 12 mins and ...
96 views

### Shamir's Secret Sharing vs. Asmuth-Bloom scheme

I need to make use of a secret sharing scheme and I don't really know how to decide which one to use, Shamir's or Asmuth-Bloom (using CRT). The complexity for recovering the secret seems to be linear ...
193 views

In one of the hot forums of today on how to convince friends cryptography is good one of the arguments stated is the knife paradox, I was unable to find the answer on Google and my question is what is ...
40 views

### Sum of digits flaw name request

Let's say I am making an encryption algorithm, and in the algorithm in have the following step: "multiply the integer from the previous step by 9 and take the sum of the digits of the resulting ...
39 views

### Key exchange problem

I've found the following problem in one of my courses. Any tips on how to solve this would be appreciated! Alice has the key pair $(pka,ska)$. Bob has the pair keys $(pkb,skb)$. They want to ...
16 views

### Is there a reduction of security if I XOR Pkcs5S2 and SecureRandom?

I'm using this codereview sample to encrypt data. I would like to provide hardware protected encryption and a user password as the key. Is it acceptable to XOR the KDF Pkcs5S2 in Bouncy Castle with a ...
20 views

### private-key can't be traced (GPG)?

I am very new to cryptography. I was reading about GPG/PGP Basics, and I have a doubt: As per my understanding, Everyone knows the algorithm (GPG) with which I generated my key pair. And If I give my ...
1k views

### How to calculate cycles per byte [duplicate]

Sometimes, websites and scientific papers that introduce and/or handle cryptographic algorithms also provide speed-analysis and tables comparing the individual performance of cryptographic ...
727 views

### Calculating cycles per byte

Cycles per byte seems to be a critical concern in designing and choosing stream ciphers. For example, from Wikipedia, RC4 has 7 cycles/byte on original Pentium chips. How is this calculated? Do they ...
37 views

### Application level encryption and key renewal

I had posted this question on stackoverflow and been asked to move it to crypto. What is your view on this? What is the doability? I have a question related to encrypting data in the database, at the ...
20 views

### MAC-then-encrypt: Using one-time-MAC with randomized CTR

The Coursera cryptography 1 course says: If you want to use MAC-then-encrypt mode then you should either use randomized-CTR or randomized-CBC. And if you use randomized-CTR then one-time-MAC ...
33 views

### Why there is time period of key pairs in public key cryptography? [migrated]

In Public Key Infrastructure, every key pair is associated with its life time. I don't understand why we have a life time when we have functionality such as certificate revocation list(crl) which ...
12 views

### Fixed initialization vector in aes cbc [duplicate]

What are the pros and cons of using fixed iv in aes-cbc encryption? I've read somewhere that it said using fixed iv doesn't really matter?
184 views

### Choosing primes in the Paillier cryptosystem

In the first step of key generation phase in Paillier cryptosystem given here. It's given that \operatorname{length}(p) = \operatorname{length}(q) ) \implies ...
28 views

### Is $E′(k,m)=E(0^n,m)$ semantically secure?

$(E,D)$ is a (one-time) semantically secure cipher where the message and ciphertext space is $\{0,1\}^n$. $E'(k,m)$ is defined as $E′(k,m)=E(0^n,m)$ The question is whether $E'(k,m)$ is (one-time) ...
19 views

### Is a KDF needed when using X25519 for ECDH and XChaCha20-Poly1305 for AEAD?

Is a KDF needed when using X25519 for ECDH and XChaCha20-Poly1305 or XSalsa20-Poly1305 for authenticated encryption? My hypothesis is "no" because the key from X25519 is less than 256 bits long; ...
27 views

### Is a good idea to generate a public key from a secret key using a functional encryption scheme?

FE - functional encryption PK - public key I want to design a PK cryptosystem that has a unique PK for each encryptor. Namely, the encryptor submits a unique value (or an attribute) to the private ...
33 views

### Get secret_value from multiple hashes md5(known_value_n + secret_value) [duplicate]

The attacker knows multiple hashes like md5(known_value_n + secret_value), for multiple known values. Does it help him to discover secret_value better then just single md5(known_value + secret_value)? ...
20 views

### Is ISAAC vulnerable to a cache timing attack?

Is the ISAAC stream cipher vulnerable to a cache timing attack in efficient implementations? It seems like it would (secret-dependent array lookups) but is it exploitable in the context of ISAAC?
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### Can the weak states in ISAAC be used for an attack?

Can these weak states in ISAAC be used for an attack? They have some of the 256 words equal to each other. There are a lot of them, but the weakest are rare and most of the biases (all of them for ...
28 views

### Why would a 3DES key decrypt one block, but not the next?

I'm trying to crack an encrypted data stream. It appears to be using a 64-bit 3DES key (as written in the application logs), and in fact using that key does correctly decrypt the first 64-bit packet ...
86 views

### Encrypting and Authenticating The Simplex Communication Between Embedded Devices

I am planning to build temperature sensor nodes for my home heater control. Central device will control the heater using temperature data read by nodes. These nodes will send temperature data to ...
19 views

### Deriving Minimum Description Length of Substitution Key

Given a plaintext: Now is the time for all good men to come to the aid of their country because the quick brown fox jumped over the lazy dog. and a substitution ciphertext: Mpe od yjr yo,r ...
73 views

### comparison of security for identity based signature and Hashing (SHA-1) the identities

I would like to know which method can provide better security: using identity based signature or hashing the identities and message (using SHA-1) for authentication?
129 views

### How do I create a secure encryption scheme using addition?

You have a 4 number long PIN code with each number ranging from 0 to 9 which you wish to encrypt. You are then given a random 4 digit number ranging from 0 to 9999, which when added to the original ...
121 views

### Instantiating a random oracle

I am studying about RO model and just got this question that what are the factors that make it not possible to instantiate a RO with a Hash function. To give a reference on how far I know about them ...
55 views

### Multiplying integers modulo $2^{255}-19$ using the Curve25519 polynomial reduction algorithm

I'm reading the Curve25519 paper and I see that in page 11, under the title "Multiplying integers modulo $2^{255}-19$", it says: The coefficients of $x^{10}$; $x^{11}$; ...; $x^{18}$ in $uv$ are ...
575 views

### Creating serial key generator using ECDSA, how to get signature short enough?

I've written some questions in this stackoverflow and got great responses but now I'm trying to wrap it all together. I have for the last couple of weeks been building a serial key generator project ...
419 views

### Existential Unforgeability of signature scheme against Adaptive Chosen Message Attack

While reading a literature on signature schemes, I came across the concept of Existential Unforgeability of signature scheme against Adaptive Chosen Message Attack. Can anyone point me to the paper ...
196 views

### How is the AddRoundKey operation performed in AES-256?

Can anyone explain to me (or send a link to somewhere) how round keys are added in AES-256? I understand that the round keys is added to the state matrix for each round and how XOR works. But since ...
56 views

### How to normalize data of a generic HTTP request for the purpose of signing

I am working on PowerAuth 2.0, a solution for counter-based signing of HTTP requests (for the purpose of mobile banking). One of the tasks that I solved somehow but I am still not happy with the ...
2k views

### Why is the permutation in AES (and other ciphers) not random or key-dependent?

If the permutation in AES (or other ciphers) were randomly generated or dependent on the key, would it not be stronger against differential attacks? If this is so, then might we need fewer rounds for ...
142 views

### What is the probability of attacking SHA1 used in RSA signature with small exponent?

There is RSA signature check which has following properties: RSA modulus N which is 2048-bit RSA public exponent equal 41 (0x29) Genuine Signature uses EMSA-PKCS1-v1_5 padding of SHA1 hash, however ...
34k views

### Are there two known strings which have the same MD5 hash value?

Is there an example of two known strings which have the same MD5 hash value (representing a so-called "MD5 collision")?
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### Probability of IV/key reuse

I generate randomly both an initialization vector (IV) and a symmetric key (key) to feed an authenticated encryption scheme. How much IV/key combinations can I generate until the same combination ...
146 views

### In HMQV, can one use multiple identities with one public key?

The HMQV protocol has 2 "identity" fields $\hat{A}, \hat{B}$ that are used in the dual signature - and it tries to guarantee that any properly-generated session key is only shared by a single \$(A, B, ...
65 views

### What are coding schemes for timing channels

I know we can hide information in the inter-packet delays, e.g. we can generate a code-book that each code-word corresponds to a message and is generated by realization of a specific random process. ...