All Questions

89 views

Empty message Hash length

I am learning Hash Algorithms and in a presentation (PDF) about these algorithms I read that: Length of $h(m)$ much shorter then length of $m$. Now my question is: What if we talk about an ...
109 views

Combining Random Hashes - avoiding collisions and ensuring randomness

I have a series of integers which I want to convert to random integer (64 bit). The idea here is to produce random numbers very quickly. The issues that good quality random numbers are required with a ...
133 views

Do sites store login password with hash? If so, can people can use hash collision to log in?

I was researching about hash, and I thought, If sites store passwords with hash algorithms, then can't this happen: User A has the password 'hello' User B finds out the hash code of the password of ...
47 views

moduli in SSL certificates [closed]

this is normally seen in a typical SSL certificate. For the modulus, I know that it is represented in hexadecimal form, but why is there a semicolon (:) after every group of 2 digits? ...
86 views

Indistinguishable encryptions in the presence of an eavesdropper equivalence

I'm trying to prove that definition 5 and definition 6 in this document are equivalent. This is what I've done at the moment: Asume that the scheme has Indistinguishable encryptions in the presence of ...
95 views

Large text file encryption per line

Some background: I receive data in text files of over 16 million records (lines). I need to be able to encrypt the first column in that file so that it cannot be deciphered. This process will be ...
87 views

Is it possible to get better randomness by using multiple PRNGs?

I don't know if this question even makes sense, but: Is there be any benefit or impact to some sort of hierarchical (e.g. a PRNG drives the decision for which PRN to pull from a set of PRNGs) or ...
28 views

99 views

In public key cryptography, how many keys are required for secure communication between n parties?

In public key cryptography, how many keys are required for secure communication between n parties? In my view the answer should be $n^2$. Reason: There are ‘$n$’ Parties. Every Party has One (1) ...
84 views

Are poly1305 authenticators distinguishable from random data?

Assume Alice authenticates a message $M$ with nonce $N$ and secret key $K$, creating authenticator $A$. She then sends $A$ across the network. The Poly1305 paper does not seem to specify whether it ...
41 views

How to prove NIZK proof of knowledge?

Assuming we have an El-Gamal pk tuple $(G,q,g,g^s)$. Someone, knows only the first three parameters. In round $i$, I send him $X_i=(g^s)^{t_i}$ (the $t_i$ values are chosen randomly for each round), ...
75 views

Deriving 2 keys using HKDF

I have an encryption scheme that uses a 256-bit master key, from which 2 separate keys (one for AES-256-CTR encryption and one for a HMAC-SHA256) are derived using HKDF. However, I'm not sure exactly ...
37 views

OpenSSL: do I need multiple EVP_CIPHER_CTX structures? [migrated]

This may need to be on StackOverflow instead. I have a single-threaded client/server application that needs to do both encryption and decryption of their network communication. I plan on using ...
51 views

Is there a deterministic number generator that allows me to share some (not all) numbers I've generated using a smallish seed?

I was just wondering, is there a type of deterministic number generator that allows me to share some (not all) numbers I've generated using a smallish seed? I have pairs of random numbers and need to ...
112 views

How do I decide what mode to use?

I'll be using AES from OpenSSL. I understand why I don't want to use ECB from reading pages like this Wikipedia article, which has a great example of what happens when you attempt to encrypt with ...
88 views

Modulo settings for successful encryption?

I saw this awesome video which shows how encryption works using "discrete logarithm". The example says: $3^x\mod17$. I understood that $3$ is called “generator”, because it has no "straight" root and ...
53 views

DH “prime size” security in OpenSSL

There's a program that uses the following OpenSSL function... DH_generate_parameters(256, 5, NULL, NULL) ...to create DH parameters which are later used for ...
54 views

What does it mean for an adversary to run in PPT?

I've been reading this question where a detailed description of mine is given, I've understood that a polynomial-time adversary is an adversary for which the only feasible strategy are those that take ...
78 views

Is email an example of public-key cryptography?

It seems like email is at least analogous to public-key cryptography, the public portion of the key being your email address, and the private portion of the key being the password to the email ...
62 views

How can I find the multiplicative inverse in the first transformation of the SubBytes() transformation in AES?

In FIPS-197 §5.1.1 , it says the first transformation in the SubBytes() transformation is: Take the multiplicative inverse in the finite field $\text{GF}(2^8)$ described in Sec. 4.2; the ...
55 views

Is it possible to perform a rudimentary asymmetric key encryption algorithm by hand?

I have at least three, distinct motivations for having a simple way to use asymmetric key encryption by hand or without modern computers. First, I was recently demonstrating to a 12-year-old how ...
51 views

Pseudo Random Generator with fixed Hamming Weight [closed]

I'm searching for way to generate secure pseudo random sequence with a fixed Hamming weight using a seed. I found below code but I need a seed to generate a sequence ... (and need know if is possible ...
63 views

Public and private key lengths

I am generating RSA Public and Private keys with node.js instead of reading them from pem/crt files as I can hide them inside a private object using this module https://www.npmjs.org/package/private ...
85 views

Could scrypt salts contribute to entropy if passwords & salts are only stored in human memory?

I'm unsure of how exactly the salt is manipulated by scrypt and its potential contribution if any to overall password entropy if passwords & salts are stored only in human memory for a ...
122 views

Description of signatures with message recovery (as in ISO/IEC 9796-2 and EMV Signatures)

I'd like to get an overview of how the signatures with message recovery work, especially in case EMV and other smart card systems. Is there a nice overview available without being required to read the ...
62 views

Where do I truncate the bits in SHA 256 hash algorithm?

I'm implementing SHA 256 in PHP using strings. Where do you truncate in the algorithm? There are a lot of places where there's binary addition happening so the no. of bits in the W(i) keep ...
45 views

How to calculate bit strength of Integer Factorization Cryptography (IFC) such as RSA using Python

I would like to know how to calculate the bit-strength of Integer Factorization Cryptography (IFC) such as RSA by using Python. I gathered it is based off the complexity of factorizing the modulus ...
37 views

key-exchange with websockets in node.js

I do not see how someone would distribute a “key/key agreement” without exposing it to a MITM! I would consider it to be strange if the answer is “via a HTTPS or TLS connection” because – if this is ...
56 views

Is HMAC padding the same as bcrypt?

I have been watching Christof Paar on his YouTube lectures also I used bcrypt to store two passwords with salts and I find that I have a few questions. I am interested in what bcrypt does to the ...
95 views

Ballot box with multiple parties. All can read it, or none can read it

I am trying to create a decentralized moderation system for the game Diplomacy, a game for seven players. In each round of a face-to-face game, each player writes their moves on paper then puts it in ...
168 views

Password-based encrypted key storage?

RFC 5959 specifies the encrypted storage of private keys based on PBKDF2-HMAC-SHA-256 and AES encryption (in ECB mode). Is there a particular reason AES is used, instead of simply XORing the key ...