# All Questions

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### Is it a good practice to use plain text for derivation of Keys?

I have a question regarding the derivation of keys in crypto. Is it a good practice to use the plain text (in form of hashes) for derivation of keys ? these keys will be used for encryption of the ...
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### implementation of digit serial architecture

I am working on architecture of SIMON cipher where I have to use either bit serial, parallel or digit serial to implement the algorithm for each round function and also for sub-key generation. So I ...
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### Why Elliptic Curves?

What is the benefit of using elliptic curves over the standard finite field, when the cyclic subgroup we consider of the EC's solution group is just isomorphic to some integer residue class of prime ...
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### Multiplicative inverse ($17^{-1} \mod 31$)?

So. Sorry for bothering you with such a simple question, but I can't really get this done. It's just an exam question in which I need to use CRT in order to calculate the RSA signature of a msg ...
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### Is ElGamal IND-CCA1?

We all know that textbook ElGamal falls due to chosen ciphertext attacks, because of its multiplicative homomorphic property ($E(A)*E(B)=E(AB)$). However these attacks require the ciphertext ($E(A)$ ...
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### Why should the primes used in RSA be distinct?

The two primes $p$ and $q$ part of the public key need to be distinct. What's the reason for them to be distinct? Is it because factorization of $p^2$ where $p$ is a prime is relatively easier, or is ...
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### Elligator-2 against curves over Fq, q mod 4 = 3

It appears that the conditions for applicability of Elligator-2 against many of the SaveCurves curves, where $q \mod 4 = 3$ will inevitably poke a hole in the bit-string set over $(0, 1, .. (q-1)/2)$. ...
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### TRNG vs PRNG - Entropy?

How much more entropy gives a Hardware Random Number Generator or True Random Number Generator compared to a Pseudo Random Number Generator? I know it depends on which TRNG is used, but I'm thinking ...
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Suppose I have a message $M$ for which I generate an RSA-2048 digital signature as follows: $H = H(M)$, $H(M)$ being the SHA-256 of the message $M$ $S = H^d \bmod N$ Assume $N = pq$ is properly ...
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### Salting in asp.net?

I have spent the past hour reading up on salting and still don't understand how it is achieved. Forgive me if im wrong, but the way I am thinking of salting is, storing an ArrayList of random strings ...
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### What is degree of randomness in individual bits of MD5 hash?

I am researching on Hashing Algorithms and would like to know if we take individual bits of MD5, say we take first 8 bits or any random 8 bits of MD5 then what is the randomness probability of having ...
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### Are there transitive ciphers (either symmetric and asymmetric)

Say Alice has information that's already encrypted with Bob's key. She wants Bob to decrypt it without knowing what he just decrypted. So she encrypts it with her key and sends it to him, he decrypts ...
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### Does AES(x || x) provide secure message authentication when message fits in a single block?

Suppose I have x = <64 bits of data>. I build a 128 bit block $P = x || x$, and transmit a message $M = AES(K, P)$. The receiver has the same $K$. The ...
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### Is there any good reason to chain HMACs in this manner?

I am looking at some decompiled Java code from an Android app. As a security measure, a signature is passed as a parameter to a number of JSON requests. The method that generates the signature is as ...
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### How far is public-key crypto involved in “banking world”? [closed]

I would like to know how public key cryptography is used in the banking world. I am not looking for big details, but for example: Are banking card embedding a private key used for signing ...
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### Encrypt with K1, K2 and decrypt in opposite with K2, K1 [duplicate]

When using symmetric cipher, does the following statement holds: E(x, k) means encrypting x with key k in ECB mode ...
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### How does a CA send a digital certificate? [migrated]

I would like to know after approving the Certificate signing request, does the Certificate Authority send the Digital certificate to the applicant by converting the digital certificate to PEM format ...
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### One cipher to rule them all?

I learned from Dan Boneh's course that many cryptographic primitives (prngs, stream ciphers, hashes, hmac, key derivation functions) can be built from just one a block cipher or PRF. For example, the ...
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### RSA-PSS salt size in certificate

In RFC 4055, the signature RSAPSS algorithm has the following ASN 1 parameters: ...
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### one complex password as a “seed” for localy generated per-service passwords

I've stumbled upon a project that suggests a way of having to remember one password, from which a “per-service password” could be generated by salting the service name using scrypt. What could be a ...