# All Questions

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### Pseudorandom function library [closed]

I'm wondering if there is any library supporting pseudo-random function, so I can specify the key length and output domain. Is it correct that I need to use a block cipher for this purpose? Any ...
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### Why not just encrypt the message and the hash of the message to achieve cryptographic integrity? [duplicate]

I've always seen MACs as a way to provide integrity and authentication. You would just append it to some message in clear. But this is clearly not the case when you're doing Encrypt Then Mac. When ...
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### Check if this cryptosystem is safe

Let $G$ be any group where group operations, as well as finding the inverse of an element, can be performed quickly, but the discrete log problem is difficult. Consider the following cryptosystem: ...
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### How are private keys encrypted? [migrated]

I've just got back into the swing of using pgp and I'm wondering how the private key is encrypted (using the passphrase to decrypt). This has got to written down somewhere, but in my searches the vast ...
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### Is the key deducible with AES CTR when we know about the plaintext, IV and the ciphertext? [duplicate]

Simply as stated, with AES running in CTR mode, can somebody work out the key (without brute-forcing) given we know about the plaintext, IV and also the ciphertext. Assuming we also know about the ...
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### Can a tree hash with leaf-size of 1 byte support verification of content with elided ranges, at a cost of at most 2 supplied internal-node hashes?

Perhaps someone can confirm my intuition: A tree hash with leaves of size 1 (for example Blake2 in a tree-hash mode) would of course not be very efficient. But it seems that it might be a suitable ...
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### 3DES Modes EED orEDE?

Can we use EED with 2 keys (K1 K1 K3) rather than EDE (k1,k2,k1) ? We measure the strength of DES by the effort (in term of number of tries) in finding some K1 & K2 to match a known plaintext and ...
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### Attacking multi block MAC constructions

For variable-length messages, there are three different ways to generate the tags. $Tag = MAC_k(\Sigma_i m_i)$. $t_i = MAC_k(m_i)$ and $Tag = (t_1, ..., t_l)$. $t_i = MAC_k(i||m_i)$ ...
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### Strategies for securing public key storage on software

I´m kind of new in this so I apologize in advance for any noob mistakes (feel free to point it out) We are developing a licensing mechanism on our software, and I would like some advice. The ...
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### Generic name for (?hash) functions of form $\{0,1\}^n \rightarrow \{0,1\}^{poly(n)}$

Consider a function $$f: \{0,1\}^n \rightarrow \{0,1\}^{poly(n)}$$ with the following properties: hard to invert, i.e. given $f(x)$, hard to find $x$ hard to find a collision, i.e given $f(x)$, ...
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### Deriving a decryption equation

Consider a very simple symmetric block encryption algorithm, in which 32-bits blocks of plaintext are encrypted using a 64-bit key. Encryption is defined as C = (P⊕KL)⊗KR where C = ciphertext; K = ...
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### FIPS-Compliant SHA2

I want to use SHA-512 for hashing in a system that must be FIPS-compliant. When I look at the FIPS 140 list of approved providers, I don't see SHA from any provider as being an approved algorithm, I ...
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### Diffie-Hellman Application

Alice and Bob want to perform a Diffie-Hellman key exchange using the group $G$, a primitive root $g$, Alice’s secret key $k_A$ and Bob’s secret key $k_B$. In each case below compute the element of ...
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### Is the idea of a known plaintext attack really that new?

As you can probably guess, I just watched The Imitation Game, which hasn't really gotten points for historical accuracy... During World War II, Turing and his team fret that they can't know the ...
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### Prime modulus for RSA and sharing a secret?

According to this paper entitled "Using Commutative Encryption to Share a Secret" they define their modulus to be a large prime p, which is public. Both exponents are private in this case. According ...
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### Is there any advantage on encrypting the CMAC together with the message?

I'm reading a protocol specification where the procedure is to generate a CMAC, take the first 4 bytes of it, append this authentication tag to the message and then encrypt the message + CMAC together ...
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### Stream cipher key length to send

I was being argued that stream cipher's key that is the length of the message must be sent to the destination for them to be able to decrypt the message. My point is don't you only have to send the ...
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### Can you exchange a shared key without any hardness assumptions?

Imagine that P=NP, and one way functions don't exist. Can two people end up with a random shared key of arbitrary length, if every exchange is public? They have true RNGs, and know who they are ...
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### compression with codebook and Cryptography

a question about the difference between code book based compression method and key based cryptography. As I know Crypto != Compression. The Shannon said Crypto is try to reduce the information of ...
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### Sage Vs C++(with NTL) for implementing cryptosystems

Is Sage a better alternative to C++(with NTL), for programming that involves math objects like polynomial rings in cryptosystems? I hear that Sage is an open source alternative to Magma. I have used ...
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### Noisiest RF band for random number generation

I've been looking into the difference between PRNGs and proper RNG techniques. One that I particularly like is the idea of tuning a radio to a certain frequency and bandwidth and just listening to the ...
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### Generating cyclic group for Ciphertext-Policy Attribute-Based Encryption [closed]

I am doing Project under the topic CP-ABE.I need to generate a symmetric bilinear group Go of prime order p and with generator g...Then how to choose random elements from Zp....kindly anyone help ...
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### What does K stand for in frequency analysis

It was from frequency analysis lecture and the professor mentioned but I cannot recall. The K value for English was .067, German was .076. The lowest K was Russian which was .056. When the frequency ...
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### Does using modulo (%) affect quality of randomness?

I'm writing a small script that generates random non-signed decimal integers within a certain range of values. I'm using GNU od, with the following command: ...

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