# All Questions

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### Using machine-learning techniques for data-dependent operations in ciphers

From 'Methods of Symmetric Cryptanalysis' by Dmitry Khovratovich, The data-dependent operations are one of the most controversial design concepts. We say that an operation is data-dependent, if it ...
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59 views

### online Vickrey auction using remote coin flip

Is there any published work on implementing a online auction, which uses "remote coin flip" to prevent auctioneer cheating when choosing winner and bid value? Is there any possible way to use remote ...
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106 views

### Finding algorithm: desire RSA's uniqueness and ECDSA's space efficiency

I am asking for help in finding a signature algorithm with the following property: Given a message m and a private key prikey, ...
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99 views

### Streaming mode of operation that is more resistant against nonce reuse

Is it possible to create a streaming mode of operation where the reuse of a nonce does not destroy confidentiality? In this question it would be allowed for the streaming mode to leak if ciphertexts ...
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124 views

### Lowest number challenge scheme

Suppose Alice knows a secret number $a$, and Bob knows a secret number $b$. Is there a simple way for Alice and Bob to know who has the lowest number, without Alice & Bob exchanging their numbers ...
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169 views

### RSA encryption and signature padding flaw

This is Oxford's computer security exam question: Suppose that Bob has published an RSA encryption key $ke$ (retaining in secret the corresponding decryption key $kd$), and Alice has published a ...
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### Can anyone explain how the modified r-adding walk works?

I was going through a paper titled “Accelerating Pollard's Rho Algorithm on Finite Fields” by Jung Hee Cheon et al. I understand the table(Ml) creation part of it, but after that I somehow fail to ...
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### Common pitfalls of session key activation?

Assume that initiator $I$ and responder $R$ of a key agreement protocol have agreed on new symmetric session keys $K'_{auth}$ and $K'_{enc}$, e.g. by way of Diffie-Hellman and key derivation, possibly ...
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238 views

### Pseudo-Hadamard transform, most significant bit

For clarification: The Pseudo-Hadamard transformation is a reversible transformation of a bit string that provides cryptographic diffusion. Splitting a bit string (with bit length of $2n$) into two ...
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59 views

### space complexity of quantum collision search

Is there a known way to reduce the space complexity of quantum collision search beyond what is offered by the built-in time-space tradeoff, while keeping the time complexity significantly below what ...
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123 views

### FHE over the integers - Is that paper's scheme known to be insecure against quantum adversaries?

I was reading the paper Fully Homomorphic Encryption over the Integers, and started wondering if there is a known quantum attack on their main scheme, because There is an efficient quantum attack ...
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132 views

### Paper about this secure P2P idea?

Two or three years ago, I was reading something interesting, but then I lost the paper. The paper described building secure and fast P2P networks (not like tor or I2P). Unfortunately, I only remember ...
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149 views

### Why does HMAC use two different keys?

Suppose $H$ is a hash function; why is $H(k||H(k||m))$ not secure? See this HMAC definition. In there, indeed two keys are used and the mac algorithm is $H(k_1 ||H(k_2 ||m))$ . Why don't we use ...
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### What might be assumed about a PRF if the key has been chosen?

The defining feature of a PRF $f:\{0,1\}^k\times\{0,1\}^s\mapsto\{0,1\}^*$ is that, if the first parameter is selected at random, it should be indistinguishable from a function ...
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130 views

### Looking for a detailed example of proof by reduction

I'm looking for a very detailed example of proof by reduction. Say we have two or three protocols (that have been proven secure) and we construct a new protocol. We want to provide a proof of security ...
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290 views

### Key expiration policy for 3DES / TDES / Triple DES

I have a system that signs plain text messages using a message authentication code (MAC) encrypted with 3-key Triple DES. The short message is used on connection to establish a session key, so it ...
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338 views

### Entropy of Androids motion-sensor data

My app on Android uses the built-in motion sensors to collect seed-data for the PRNG (java.security.SecureRandom) that is later to be used for key-generation. The user is told to shake the device so ...
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115 views

### How much plainext could be known without reducting security of RSA?

It is known, for example, that exposing 50% of most significant bits of RSA private exponent does not provide security risk (when a small public exponent it used). So how to qualify security ...
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### Prove preimage resistance property

Let $f : \{0,1\}^* \rightarrow \{0,1\}^n$ and $g : \{0,1\}^* \rightarrow \{0,1\}^m$. $h$ is created by concatenate f and g: $h : \{0,1\}^* \to \{0,1\}^{n+m}$ with $h(x) = f(x) || g(x)$. How do I ...
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174 views

### Secret sharing - no dealer, modifiable, verifiable

I need to find a secret sharing scheme with these properties: The scheme is set up by all participants, ie no single entity called the dealer The parameters of secret sharing need to be ...
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### How do you distribute secret shares without knowing who to first distribute them to?

Figure 1 on page 1249 of the “Multiparty Computation Secure Against Continual Memory Leakage” paper shows $m$ committees are elected in step 1 and then later in step 3 are each given a secret share. ...
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### When do I need to renew keys for Salsa20 or HMAC?

I currently have a system which uses two keys sourced from a single key subjected to HKDF. One key is used in the Salsa20 stream ...
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255 views

### Increasing the diffusion of the AES-CBC encryption algorithm in pycrypto for python

When encryption is done using the AES-CBC algorithm, the encryption can be thought of as chaining the cipher texts with the previous ones and an IV. However, if its on CBC mode, we give our cipher ...
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### Can you clarify the proof that secure LR-two party protocols do not exist?

In the paper “Multiparty Computation Secure Against Continual Memory Leakage” on pg. 1237, the footnote #1 discuss why it is not possible to construct a leakage resilient two-party protocol. But I'm ...
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165 views

### Design requirements for a keyed hash function?

I am actually preparing for a cryptography exam, and I found a question asked by the professor in the class, below are the lines that I copied from the slide : Example: Let $Ek$ be the encryption ...
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### Why does the new encryption scheme proposed by authors stop an adversary from guessing the subspace of the secret key?

In this paper, the authors construct an encryption scheme that is supposed to be resilient to tampering and leaking (as opposed to just leaking). Specifically this scheme: If you look at the ...
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### Hi Sec National algorithm

I'm trying to create a remote controller compatible with HiSec algorithm. It's so old that National (now Texas Instruments) discontinued NM95HS01/02 and docs are unavailable. Does anyone have the ...
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246 views

### Logics for Cryptographic Information Games

Preamble: There is currently a zoo of various logics for evaluating (proving) security in cryptographic protocols. The idea is that, by expressing these protocols using some logic, you can create a ...
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### Could BREACH be used to determine an HTTPS URL?

I was reading this article and had a question.... http://arstechnica.com/security/2013/08/gone-in-30-seconds-new-attack-plucks-secrets-from-https-protected-pages/ As I understand it TLS/SSL work in ...
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166 views

### Security of a 3-party key exchange protocol

I am trying to find attacks on a theoretical protocol or prove its security. An initiator wants to establish a shared key with a responder with help of a trusted server. We have the following roles: ...
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139 views

### Designing a protocol to record attendance to lectures

Scenario: a class that is not mandatory. The teacher wants a protocol that will satisfy the following requirements: It must record each student's attendance. A student X should not be able to say ...
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118 views

### Question about proof of knowledge defintion?

I am just reading the "soundness"-definition for proofs of knowledge by Bellare / Goldreich. A proof of knowledge is a proof between a prover $P$ and a verifier $V$. $P$ convinces $V$ to know a secret ...
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268 views

### One-time pad and perfect secrecy properties

I have a homework problem: Explain how to find $m_{0}$ and $c$ such that $P[c=c': k \leftarrow K, c' \leftarrow E(k, m_{0})] > 0$ where P is probability and k is chosen uniformly. I do not know ...
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68 views

### P-Complete hashes, hashing to a larger set

Historically hashes have been from a large set (say 256 characters) to a smaller set (256 bits). Also, hash functions that are P-complete have no known parallel algorithm; they must be computed ...
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380 views

### RSA reencryption scheme

Is there such an algorithm that would allow to upgrade the encryption of a RSA-encrypted message without revealing the plaintext to the untrusted user? Basically, such an algorithm would probably be ...
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### Q: Relevance of physical layer security to cryptography

I found that there are quite some active research activities in a field named "physical layer security", with in particular some types of codes that apparently are different from those commonly ...
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### Example of Projective Coordinates

Given the affine form of coordinates $(x,y)$ such as $(5,3)$, if I want to convert $(5,3)$ to projective coordinates $(x,y,z)$, should the form of point be $(5,3,1)$? It is triplet not a point, right? ...
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20 views

### What is the canonical way of creating merkle tree branches?

I'm currently looking into creating some compact merkle tree branches to prove that a given hash was included in a given merkle root. My initial thought was to list the leaf, the merkle root and all ...
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36 views

### PBC library: group of composite order for pairing operation

How to generate composite order group using PBC library? With PBC library, element_init_G1(g,pairing) statement creates element $g$ for group of prime order. I want ...
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38 views

### Recover secret $x$ when $c\equiv m^x \pmod p$ with public $p$ (modified)

Given an encryption system where $c\equiv m^x \pmod p$, $p$ is a known prime, 1. Is it possible to recover $x$ with a known plaintext attack? Given $(p,\text{factorization of }\varphi(p),m,c)$ 2. Is ...
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### Finding differentials and space complexity

Most of article about differential cryptanalysis present the generic method, the way to find sub keys. But I can't find a clear explanation about how to find the differentials used in examples. In ...
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19 views

### TPM specification physical presence requirements

I am looking at TPM Main-Part 1 Design Principles_v1.2_rev116_01032011 and on page 69 of pdf, equivalent to page 57 of the document itself,there is comment on physical presence as follows: "Observe, ...
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### Is EFS vulnerable to Chosen plaintext attack?

I have some backed up files encrypted with EFS and I lost the EFS certificate thus unable to decrypt the files. I understand that EFS uses the user certificate public key to encrypt the symmetric key ...
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60 views

### Zero Knowledge Argument for Subset Sum

What is the currently most efficient (interactive) zero knowledge proof/argument for the subset sum problem? The most recent relevant paper I have found is Efficient Modular NIZK Arguments from Shift ...
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46 views

### Cyclic group collision resistant keyed cryptographic hash function

I am self-studying cryptography from a book and have come across a really difficult question that's doing my head in. I would be very grateful if somebody can help me out here with this difficult ...
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### 802.1X Radius WLAN protected by certificate 1024-bit key

I want to ask you a question. I have WPA-2 (enterprise) network. Also called as 802.1x. I use the Linux Zeroshell distribution, which is optimized for these services. Linux Zeroshell is provides a ...
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### authentication protocol questions/security

Disclaimer: I am the only person that uses my software. This is just experimental fun. I previously wrote a server/client that used the secure remote password protocol authentication. I had an idea ...
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59 views

### MITM Attack on Key Exchange Protocols

I was doing research on this attack and I am wondering, why is Diffie-Hellman always associated with such an attack? ​ Aren't other public key cryptography schemes vulnerable to the same kind of ...
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25 views

### Lightweight Algorithm

If I design a lightweight algorithm, How do I calculate gate equivalents (GE) in lightweight algorithm? and what are the parameters of the algorithm was called "Lightweight"??
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### Differential Cryptanalysis

How do I find the differential characteristics using techniques Shrinking ? How do I extract the key on Differential Cryptanalysis using the technique Shrinking in Blockcipher Algorithm? Shrinking ...

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