# All Questions

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### special public keys and modulo n

I just picked up cryptography and have some questions on RSA cryptosystem: Say there are two public keys (n, e1), (n, e2), e1 is coprime to e2. They share the same n. Is it possible to find the ...
91 views

### Do data-dependent rotations have any advantage over fixed rotations?

There are many ARX ciphers, however most use fixed rotations. I know data-dependent compared to fixed rotations are: patented harder to implement constant time more expensive in hardware harder to ...
949 views

### Is it possible to determine a PGP public key from encrypted data?

Is it possible to find out which public key was used to generate the message? Scenario is like this : I got data which is encrypted with a public key. Now a "bad guy" hast the encrypted data, and ...
291 views

### What does $\Pi$ represent in cryptography?

I am doing a project in cryptography and while reading a tag generation algorithm for files, I got stuck with the meaning of $\Pi$. The screenshot of the algorithm is inserted below. Here the ...
60 views

### Elliptic curve trapdoor function without modular arithmetic?

From what I understand, an elliptic contains a set points satisfying the equation $y^2=x^3 + ax + b$ together with the point at infity. It seems clear how multiplication with a scalar and a point ...
122 views

### How well does breaking multiple DH key exchanges over the same group scale?

Suppose you are running a server with the Diffie-Hellman parameters (so the group G and generator g) generated once. There are ...
84 views

### CP-ABE: structure of the secret key SK

I am working on Ciphertext-Policy Attribute based Encryption (CP-ABE) and I need to understand how a secret key looks like. For example, assume that the universe of attributes is defined to be ...
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### Bouncy jdk 1.51 Serpent KAT tests vs Nessie vectors

Having a little trouble getting Nessie vectors working with the Bouncy Castle SerpentEngine. Do the Nessie vectors require a mode or some pre-processing? Nessie Serpent 128, set 1, vector 0 reads: ...
7k views

### Impacts of not using RSA exponent of 65537

This RFC says the RSA Exponent should be 65537. Why is that number recommended and what are the theoretical and practical impacts & risks of making that number higher or lower? What are the ...
85 views

### proving the security of 1 out of 2 oblivious transfer using AND function

Hello ladies & gentlemen, I need to improve the security of 1-out of 2 oblivious transfer using AND function method with a given info. use one-out-of-two oblivious transfer as building block, ...
56 views

### what does rsaSha512Sign do?

I have the following function: ...
326 views

### Decrypting A Cipher Text without knowing the key or plaintext

i'm new to cryptography and i am doing a research based on cryptanalysis of vigenere cipher. If i have a ciphertext which is encrypted using vigenere cipher, is it possible for me to decrypt the ...
61 views

### plaintext distribution ,perfect secrecy cryptosystem

I have been trying to solve the next problem: let pi be a perfect secrecy cryptosystem with specific plaintext probability distribution. How to prove pi will have perfect secrecy for all other ...
379 views

### Collision resistant hash functions

Let (Gen1,H1) and (Gen2,H2) be two hash functions. Define (Gen,H) so that Gen runs Gen1 and Gen2 to obtain keys s1 and s2, respectively. Then define Hs1,s2(x)=Hs1(x)||Hs2(x). a) Prove that if at ...
85 views

### Many single-time use keys encryption scheme (not Shamir's Shared Secret)

I'm looking for encryption scheme with the following properties: There's a sequence of keys that can be used to decrypt the message Strictly only one key from the sequence is required to decrypt the ...
1k views

### How does GPG verify succesful decryption?

How does GPG (or other programs using the OpenPGP file format) verify that it has succeeded with decryption (for symmetrically encrypted data)? Is something appended to the clear text so there exist ...
175 views

### Zero Knowledge Example using discrete log

I've been exploring Zero Knowledge Proofs and while the classic cave example by Jean-Jacques Quisquater makes sense, I find the discrete log example problematic. Since the Verifier is given p, g and ...
138 views

### Is it possible to find out whether a number is greater than another number without knowing the numbers?

Is it possible to construct a zero knowledge proof that one encrypted number is larger (or not) than another encrypted number without releasing the values of either numbers?
85 views

### Key generation in Digital Signature Algorithm

In DSA, one needs to generate two primes $p$ and $q$ such that $q$ is $256$-bit and $p$ is $3072$-bit and $p-1$ is a multiple of $q$. Question: How to generate such $p$ and $q$. Attempt: First, use ...
95 views

### CCA security of a system that splits messages and encrypts each packet

Propose a symmetric key based crypto-system for implementing a secure email system. This system is based on AES and CCA secure. Suppose that you have to encrypt a large message and that this message ...
67 views

### Checking both Quadratic residuosity and Jacobi symbol simultaneously and efficiently

I have to randomly generate a number $u$ such that $u \in J(N)-Q(N)$ where $J(N)$ denotes the set of elements less than $N$, whose Jacobi symbol value is equal to 1; and $Q(N)$ denotes the set of ...
154 views

### OpenSSL RSA same plaintext but different ciphertext

how OpenSSL RSA work ? I generate public (n,e) and private key (n,d) then I encypted a file by : ...
225 views

### Why sorting is needed for Meet-in-the-middle attack

The weakness of double DES, E (k1, E(k2, M)) is that Meet-in-the-middle attack is possible. When performing Meet-in-the-middle ...
95 views

### Importance of ShiftRows in AES

If ShiftRows is excluded from AES, then an attacker can attack the modified AES by simply treating $128$-bit input as $4$ $32$-bits blocks. The attacker can attack these $4$ blocks separately. ...
466 views

### What is the most computationally efficient way of generating pseudo-random permutations?

I have an application in which I need to create up to J randomly shuffled-copies of an array of length N. Then I will have millions or even billions of iterations such that, in each iteration, I will ...
222 views

### Are all block ciphers FPE (format preserving encryption)?

A FPE preserves the format. There is a correspondence between the format of the ciphertext and the plaintext. Given that a message in some binary enconded format can easily be divded in some ...
213 views

### Implementation and Testing of SRP-6a

I have been wracking my brain trying to develop a functioning implementation of SRP-6a in Python to use with a 3rd-party API that claims to use SRP-6a with $N=$ 2048-bit prime and generator of $2$. ...
104 views

### How many of primitive point on the elliptic curve?

In elliptic curves for cryptography, I know $nG=O$, where $G$ is a base point represented by $G=(x_g,y_g)\ on\ E(F_P)$, where $n$ is Order of point $G$. For example, $P(0,6)$ is a primitive point on ...
97 views

### Complexity to find an preimage of a hash function

Suppose a hash function based on Merkle-Damguard construction. Its compression function is given as $H_i=E_{m_i}(H_{i-1})$, where $E_{m_i}()$ denotes the encryption of an ideal block cipher with ...
1k views

### Perfectly secret cipher can leak about the key?

As defined by Shannon, a cipher is perfectly secure if ciphertext leaks no information about the plain text. Under this definition, can ciphertext leak something about the key? Are there any ciphers ...
184 views

### Key derivation for AES-Encryption key and HMAC

Okay so I have two options for how I would derive two keys for AES encryption and HMAC they are as follows: Run BCrypt on a users passphrase and then use the bouncy castle implementation of HKDF in ...
134 views

### How can CBC-MAC be secure when message length is fixed?

I was doing some self-initiated knowledge gathering about digests, signatures and hmacs and I ran across the fact that you can use CBC as a MAC, but if the message size is not fixed; then it is not ...
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538 views

### Can hashing become encrypting?

hashing some data and encrypting data share some similar attributes. Surely this is why "Difference between encrypting something and hashing something" has been asked. The point of this question is ...