# All Questions

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### IV larger than block size of cipher?

Is there any advantage to using an IV larger than a cipher's block size? Say I'm using AES-256 in Galois Counter Mode (GCM). My file format looks like this: ...
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### Help with pseudorandom functions

I started a new lecture this year about crypto and I've had a few problems in the first few weeks with the exercises we got. I would appreciate a "guide" on how to solve problems like the following ...
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### Are all encryption tools made equal?

I'd like to encrypt work-related data backups stored on an external drive. The backups contain proprietary company information and trade secrets. My current backup program, Comodo Backup, allows me ...
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### Is there any relation between two strings with the same MD5 hash?

Is there any relation between two strings with the same MD5 hash? For example these two strings: ...
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### what problem happen if we always use IV Zero in CBC Mode? [duplicate]

i have a question about CBC operating mode. what problem happen if we always use IV Zero in CBC Mode?
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### Why we use operating modes in cryptography? [duplicate]

Why we use operating modes (CBC , . . ) in cryptography? i mean what is the essential of use it ?
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### Relationship between exponent and modulus in RSA (as RSA properties as listed in X.509)

In one of my assignments, I had the following question (Please read on. Not a homework assignment :) ): X.509 (1998 version) lists properties that RSA keys must satisfy to be secure. One such ...
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### With AES-GCM, can the encrypted and non-encrypted parts be hashed separately? [duplicate]

The hash function in AES-GCM takes encrypted and unencrypted parts. Can the two parts be provided in either order? I'm wondering whether there is any fun with $GF(2^{128})$ that can be done to ...
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### Is it true that 7zip doesn't use any salt with its KDF?

This issue claims that 7zip does not use any salt with its key derivation function: https://github.com/magnumripper/JohnTheRipper/issues/1679 If that's true, wouldn't that mean you can crack multiple ...
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### Modular arithmetics in diffie-hellman

Studying the basics of Diffie-Hellman key exchange, I'm stuck at a basic operation used in the end of the key exchange (where you show that both computations actually are the same). Can someone ...
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### IV re-use for Salsa20 [duplicate]

Are their any specific requirements for the IV when using Salsa20? Is it for example allowed to re-use the same IV when encrypting with the same session key? Should the IV be random? etc I tried to ...
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### Are there key collisions in AES-192, AES-256?

Suppose we have a single, fixed plaintext block $p$ of 128 bits. Call the set of all possible 128 bit blocks $B$. We could define fixed plaintext AES-128 as a function $f(k) \to B$ that takes a 128 ...

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