All Questions

296 views

Brute force a ciphered message? [closed]

I wrote my own cipher to encrypt messages. I would like to test a sample ciphered message to see how strong it is. Are there any tools for such task either in Windows or Linux ?
449 views

ECC - Point Addition/Point Multiplication

So I have a very beginner-esque knowledge of ECDSA and I'm trying to write something in python to take a private key and output the public key (Basically from what I understand just trying to do the ...
121 views

Recovery of RC4 key when S-box 0 stage or 1st stage known

I've been exploring around, trying to understand if such thing is even possible. I have some RC4 ciphertext which I know it's plaintext and I would like to extract the key just from cipher and ...
257 views

Why do I need to add the original salt to each hash iteration of a password?

I understand it is important to hash passwords over multiple iterations to make things harder for an attacker. I have read numerous times that when processing these iterations, it is critical to hash ...
168 views

RSA key length choice for TLS when confidentiality not important?

I've a couple of questions about this, the scenario is embedding a key pair in a hardware device which will speak with other hardware devices over tls. computing resources are an issue so i want to ...
134 views

Why does DSS have such formulas?

I've learnt the formulas needed for the DSA (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_Signature_Algorithm). But most importantly, I don't quite understand what represents those formulas and why they are ...
203 views

How Multiplication Table is generated for GF(2^2) field

I was unable to solve the multiplication table given in the book for $\mathrm{GF}(2^2)$.However, I have managed to solve the addition table. Acoording to the Book multiplication is the AND operation, ...
101 views

Can you show how that RSA does/doesn't provide anonymity?

Considering a CPA-secure version of RSA where the ciphertext is just a rundom element from $Z^*_N$. Does that meet the anonymity requirement in which an cpa adversary cannot distinguish between a ...
2k views

Why RSA encryption key is based on modulo $\varphi(n)$ rather than modulo $n$

While calculating RSA encryption key we take modulo $\varphi(n)$ rather that modulo $n$. I couldn't understand why its so?
164 views

Why encrypting with private and public keys produce the same result?

Let say $e = 5$, $n = 119$ and $d = 77$. If I encrypt, for example, $m=15$ I get: $$m_1 = m^e=15 ^ 5 \mod 119 = 36\qquad\text{and}\qquad m_2 =m^d= 15 ^ {77} \mod 119 = 36$$. Why? Is it always like ...
224 views

How can A pass a message to B, while preventing a third party from sniffing infos?

$A$ has a message that he wants to send to $B$, without a third party being able to learn the contents of the original message. $A$ encrypts the message and sends it to a server. The server decrypts ...
75 views

Why is the security of block cipher not a function of key and tweak?

The proofs and security of block ciphers constructed especially of Luby Rackoff Constructions and Feistel Networks is based on the number of queries and round functions. The security measure is always ...
103 views

Trustless, Multiparty Random Number Generation

I've been having trouble with coming up with a random number generator that produces a random number between two parties. My current scheme is this: User 1 gives user 2 the hash of their randomly ...
141 views

Is it possible to fool Miller-Rabin test?

It is well known that it's possible to fool Fermat test with Carmichael numbers. But, is it possible to deliberately fool many-rounded Miller-Rabin test by constructing some special number without ...
101 views

What kind of Quantum cryptography technology(protocols) can be used for Mobile Ad hoc networks(MANETS)?

Typically ad hoc networks do not have a proper infrastructure and the routing is done only through the base stations which are connecting a wired and wireless network. Does quantum cryptography ...
159 views

Why use CBC-MAC? Why not just apply hash function on the whole message?

Why not just apply hash function on the whole message? Why convert that message into blocks and hash those blocks? To avoid collisions?
379 views

Can a LFSR be cryptographically secure?

I have been looking at an embedded microcontroller which has a cryptographic hardware engine (in particular the PIC32MZ family). These devices have what they advertise as a cryptographically secure ...
96 views

is there an algorithm to encrypt all the datatypes?

Is there an algorithm or technique to encrypt all the datatypes such as (video , image , text , fax, audio ,file,etc...) -one algorithm encrypt every thing-? also if I try to build such this ...
348 views

In this example, which is a premaster secret, and which is a master secret?

In the context of this data, as shown in the image below, which one is a pre-master-secret and which one is a master-secret. It looks to me as if the final value of 2, for Alice and Bob is a ...
1k views

What is “Implicit Authentication”?

What is “Implicit Authentication” in the context of authentication methods? I searched the Web but could not find any article that describes this. If anyone can describe it, that would be a great ...
429 views

How does Clifford Cocks 'Non-Secret Encryption' work?

I have read Clifford Cocks "A Note on 'Non-secret Encryption'" and thought I would try to implement this, but I don't seem to be able to get it to work. I'm obviously missing something. From the ...
154 views

Does there exist a proof-of-retrievability scheme that is publicly-verifiable, limited-use, and does not use homomorphic encryption?

I find myself wanting to test out a practical implementation of a proof-of-retrievability scheme, simply out of curiosity. These schemes seem to be divided into two variations, publicly-verified and ...
152 views

How can I solve congruence modulo N?

I am trying to solve congruences of the form $$J_A \cdot a^e\equiv 1 \pmod n$$ where $n=pq$ for $p,q$ prime and $\gcd(e,\varphi(n))=\gcd(J_A,n)=1$ Solve for $a\in \mathbb{Z}$, in terms of $n,J_A$ ...
4k views

Types of Cryptography for a 4-8 bit microcontroller

This is more of a research question. I was wondering what types of crypto algorithms would work best on a small 4-8 bit micro controller. I recently read a paper called Security Considerations for ...
473 views

How to submit a new method of encryption?

I came up with a truly new method of applying modulo-2-addition encryption function in stream ciphers which is inspired by a mechanism used to prove a mathematical theorem. How can I determine whether ...
260 views

Keccak padding implementation, and bit ordering

I am trying to implement Keccak in Java for my school work. And I am getting stuck in two places: On the summary page the padding is shown as P = M || 0x01 || 0x00 || … || 0x00 P = P xor ...
87 views

A replay attack question

Which of the following protocols is susceptible to replay attack :- 1) A -----> B username, password 2) A -----> B username, h(timestamp,password) 3) A -----> B username timestamp, ...
379 views

Can a salt for a password hash be public?

For my understanding salts in password hashes are used to prevent the precompuation of plaintext$\to$hashvalues (rainbow tables). I know from different threads, it is not necessary to keep the salt ...
947 views

Webcam random number generator

I have a question about random number generators. I have read from a real random number generator, based on a webcam ("randcam"). My problem is, that I do not really understand how the generation of ...
82 views

Usability of padding scheme in blinded RSA signature?

In Wikipedia's article on Blind signature, in the section Dangers of blind signing which describes RSA blinding attack one reads the following This attack works because in this blind signature ...
131 views

Storing the activation status of a product and expire details Android [closed]

In my Android application, it's required to store the activation status of the software and keep track of the activation expire date. What is the best way to store this information? Is it safe to ...
687 views

Knowing pre-encryption data, can we find the private key CryptoLocker used?

One of our users seems to have been hit by CryptoLocker. As a result, he has a hard drive full of encrypted files. The ransom-ware claims to have used public key encryption on the files. If we know ...
1k views

Replay attack in ECB mode

How do replay attacks work in ECB mode? I found this in Wikipedia: "ECB mode can also make protocols without integrity protection even more susceptible to replay attacks, since each block gets ...
2k views

What is the most secure hand cipher?

By "hand cipher", I mean a symmetric cipher for which encryption and decryption can can both be performed with a pencil on graph paper, consuming about 10-20 seconds per character by a proficient ...
400 views

Can you explain Bleichenbacher's CCA attack on PKCS#1 v1.5?

I've studied that the Bleichenbacher's CCA attack on PKCS#1 v1.5. is a base to many versions of attacks in the area. I'm trying to understand that attack, but every explanation I saw starts with the ...
254 views

openSSL ECDH private key size

When you are using a named curve like P-256 in openSSL, is there any standard key size for ECDH private key keys? If you look at the ec_key.c file in the openSSL ...
225 views

How to calculate entropy of a combined key

I know how to calculate the entropy of a key that relates to its selection process. For example if the key space is $1000$, entropy of a randomly chosen key is $1000$. Suppose now you have two keys ...
64 views

function of crypt called “ICE” [closed]

Using exeinfo, I have identified a function of crypt called ICE. What is it? How can I find ...
34 views

In Merkle Damgard Constructoin, why do we add another block with value of number of blocks? [duplicate]

I'm trying to understand how can we find collisions, in simpler Merkle-Damgard constructions. consider my question as, what are the collisions for these cases of Merkle-Damgard constructions: we pad ...
257 views

Formal definition of “explicit” algorithm?

A long time ago, I read that the definition of "cryptographic hash function" is "collision-resistant one-way function". (A similar definition shows up in the FIPS standards for SHA-1 etc.) But this ...
320 views

How does the secret key in an HMAC prevent modification of the HMAC?

Just as a preface: I'm not implementing a HMAC - I just want to understand it, as it is part of of my Computer Science course. When using Hash-based message authentication codes, I understand that ...
185 views

Is $q(n)=1/n$ a negligible function?

By definition - $q(n)$ is a negligible function if for every positive integer $c>0$ there exist an integer $N_c$ such that for all $x>N_c$ : $q(n)<1/x^c$ So for the function $1/x$, if we ...
301 views

What's wrong with my security model - or how can it be attacked?

I'm working on a little personal project where security is very important, and I've thought for a while about the best way to do this. Now I am looking for a little outside help on good practices. The ...
127 views

Is this really the correct way to do an IND-CPA test?

In a description of IND-CPA (indistinguishability under the chosen plaintext attack), I have been reading the following, simple test: The adversary can generate as many messages as he wants. Then, ...
835 views

About Cryptography in a Character Language

Suppose I had a message in Chinese (or another non-phonetic language) and I wanted to encipher it. Some of the simplest encryptions in English are substitution ciphers, but such ciphers don't seem ...
288 views

What are requirements for this grille?

I'm trying to program a Cardan grille, but I can't find requirements for grille. In my case, grille is square matrix A with $N$ x $N$ size, and elements are $0$ or $1$ (where $1$ means that it is ...
259 views

What is total key space in transposition algorithms

How we can measure key space in transposition algorithms? Should we specify the method, like rail fence?
675 views

Is it possible to crack a blowfish 256 bits encrypted file? [closed]

I have a file of my own that I have encrypted using Coder-Abi. Now, I can just remember part of this password. So, would it be possible (much easier) for me to crack it knowing only part of it? I can ...
I have rather simplistic understanding of cryptography, so I have to beg a pardon in advance if the question has internal contradictions. Imagine data $A$ with a hash $hashA$. This data is encrypted ...