# All Questions

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### How Brittle Are LCG-Cracking Techniques?

There are published techniques for cracking LCGs, but to my eye those techniques seem very brittle — very minor changes can add nonlinearity that renders techniques like the LLL algorithm unusable. ...
64 views

### How do I control an access code safely?

Upon registration an user has to specify an access code of five digits. This access code is also used as a password for the encryption and decryption of certain strings. The user types in "12345" ...
562 views

### Is this a good entropy collector and whitening technique?

I'm just reviewing a program someone wrote to provide high quality random data using an entropy collector and a hash based whitening technique. I'll try summarize the process: Collect entropy from ...
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### Does it make sense to have multiple values of authentication and cipher offsets while encrypting a packet?

Consider a packet with N segments. cofsset(cipher offset - from where one must cipher) lies in arbitrary Segment "A". aoffset (authentication offset - from where one must authenticate) lies in ...
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### RSA modulus (N) from public key and calculating N from p, q not equal [closed]

I have a RSA public key in the form of public exponent and modulus as follows: ...
43 views

### EC based password authenticated key exchange protocol

I would like to know: What is the currently best (efficiency and security wise) known EC based password authenticated key exchange protocol? (i.e. is there any EC based protocol may be similar to DH ...
77 views

### Popularity of ECMQV authenticated key agreement protocol

I've got a few ECMQV related questions: Why is ECMQV a more efficient EC-based authenticated key agreement protocol? Why is ECMQV so popular? Is it because no other protocol of its strength exists? ...
251 views

### SSL / TLS digital signature exchange

If server is sending its digital signature, in which message / where does the digitally signature is provided to the client. Is it after the server_hello message because there the public key of the ...
4k views

### What do the magic numbers 0x5c and 0x36 in the opad/ipad calc in HMAC do?

Wikipedia lists the following pseudocode for HMAC: ...
151 views

### Modes of encryption for hard drives?

What are the currently recommended modes of encryption for large disks? Basic requirements would seem to be that you can update an encrypted sector independently of others, which rules out most ...
143 views

### Asymmetric encryption that is secure for (almost) any foreseeable future

Recently, I've been reading a couple of papers about building cryptosystems that are secure for up to 30 years. But for some applications, this seems a bit low to me. So I am wondering if considering ...
175 views

### Use cases for “online” authenticated encryption?

What is the the point of an "online" mode for an authenticated cipher? I understand what "online" means in this context. However, I have trouble coming up with applications that would benefit from ...
223 views

### Factoring two RSA modulus with known $|p_1 - p_2| < \ell$

I have two 1024bit RSA modulus $N_1 = p_1q_1$ and $N_2 = p_2q_2$ such that $0 <|p_1 - p_2| < \ell$, and $\ell$ is at most 64bit integer. Can I factorise $N_1$ and $N_2$? What's the answer when ...
102 views

### RFID Protocol Cryptanalysis

Assume we have the following scheme for RFID: TAG & READER both have initially k keys. Every session the TAG computes $k_i$=F($k_{i-1})$ where F is a function which computes XOR of previous key ...
303 views

### The effect of truncated hash on entropy

Suppose i have a 128 bits random binary string (128 bits of entropy), then i hash it using SHA-256, then i take the first 128 bits of the output hash. Does the taken bit string still have (almost) 128 ...
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I was reading about HMAC and why it is crucial to avoid security issues with normal prepending / appending the secret k to a message (issues due to merkel damagard construction). I am not familiar ...
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### What do these notations mean in the definition of Perfect Secrecy, if we read those in English?

If m: message, M: message space, k: key, K: keyspace, c: cipher, C: cipher space and $E_k$: encryption function, such that $E_k(m) = c,\ m,m^* \in M,\ k\in K,\ c\in C.$ Then, what do the following ...
56 views

### Are there equivalent IVs in DES/CBC?

I'm playing around with the CryptoPP library with DES/CBC and I've noticed that for some sets of data, if I decrypt the ciphertext with Key1, IV1, I get a good cleartext result -- but if I decrypt the ...
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### Using a Secure RNG in Probabilistic Fair Exchange

I am attempting to implement probabilistic fair exchange described in Probabilistic Non-Repudiation without Trusted Third Party. A secures a message using AES with 512 bit keys (in my ...
1k views

### Why is this the inverse of a Enigma Machine rotor?

I am learning about how the Enigma Machine works and I found this example of one letter being encrypted by an Enigma Machine. It shows the letter "G" going through three rotors and then it goes into ...