# All Questions

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### Is it possible to decrypt double-key crypted file knowing public key and a having one or more original files?

I have some encrypted files with double-key. I know public key and don't know private key. Can I obtain the private key (and decrypt all files) using two version of one file - crypted and decrypted? ...
246 views

### how do you calculate the private exponent in asymmetric key encryption [duplicate]

Here is an excellent paper on the math of asymmetric key encryption: http://www.mathaware.org/mam/06/Kaliski.pdf‎ See the example on Page 6. The public key = $55$ Primes used to calculate public ...
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### Possible to check if $a \in \mathrm{QR}_n$?

It is possible to check $a \in \mathrm{QR}_p \text{ iff } a^{(p-1)/2} \equiv 1\ (\bmod\ p)$ if $p$ is a prime. $n$ is a large RSA modulus. Is it also possible to check if $a \in \mathrm{QR}_n$ if the ...
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### Is there a feasible method by which NIST ECC curves over prime fields could be intentionally rigged?

The NIST elliptic curves P-192, P-224, P-256, P-384, and P-521, prescribed in FIPS 186-4 appendix D.1.2, are generated according to a well defined process, but using an arbitrary random-looking seed ...
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### Time complexity to solve Discrete log problem

What is the time to complexity to solve Discrete log problem now in $Z_p$? Initially for $n$ bit prime $p$, it was $Exp(n^{1/3})$.
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### AES Algorithm processing time in Arduino vs Raspberry Pi

The Arduino employs an 8-bit ATmega series microcontroller whereas the Raspberry Pi is based around a 32-bit ARM processor, and the Arduino is typically clocked at between 8-16MHz and with 2-8kB of ...
221 views

### Chance in cryptography

I was just thinking about my own chance and the way chance can defeat even the most advanced algorithm. My thought was : you can make a strong session id, but what if by chance, a hacker set this ...
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### Do I need to prepare plain text before encryption?

When I want to encrypt chat messages (in ASCII) before sending, whether it brings some bit of security if I add some extra bytes to the message or shuffle it in some way? I can even try to make data ...
85 views

### Is OCB with short MAC malleable?

At the beginning of OCB's white paper [pdf], OCB is compared to other modes, and non-malleability is one of the properties advertised. At the end of the paper, it is mentioned the MAC length can be ...
883 views

### AES mixcolumn stage

I'm studying AES, and am having problems with the "mixcolumn" stage. I read about finite fields, but I still don't know. How do I construct $GF(2^8)$? ...
219 views

### Why use Needham-Schroeder if we have Diffie-Hellman?

If we want to establish secret symmetric key between two entities, why use Needham-Schroeder if we have Diffie-Hellman? With DH we don't need to have any trusted party, so what's the point of NS?
452 views

### Why is the discrete logarithm problem assumed to be hard?

This might be a quite stupid question: since a naive brute force algorithm to solve the discrete logarithm problem will only take O(n) time for a group G with order ...
1k views

### Advantages using Diffie-Hellman or Elgamal

For what kind of usage should we prefer using Diffie-Hellman in order to exchange keys instead of Elgamal, and most important why should we use one or the other? I do not see a clear difference ...
432 views

### Methods of making ASIC/GPU resistant encryption?

Is there way to make encryption scheme ASIC and GPU resistant, besides using a lot of memory? And what is there ciphers or modes of use for such purpose? Including public keys algorithms maybe too, ...
409 views

### Difference between CBC-MAC and CMAC

According to Wikipedia, CMAC is based on a variation of CBC-MAC and fixes some security deficiencies in it. However, I could not find a simple and clear explanation of what the differences between ...
162 views

### Generate keys with k3d3 / ed25519-java

I'm trying to use a java implementation of ed25519. In the code, I can't find any functions that generate keys. My experience with cryptography is limited to about three weeks of asking questions on ...
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### Is it possible to use structures other than finite fields?

I have some difficulties to understand why we are using finite fields in cryptography. Why do we use field? Why not ring or group? Is that really necessary that the field is finite? Why not real ...
170 views

### Cryptographically secure product keys

I am looking for a scheme to generate and validate cryptographically secure product keys. My requirements are: Unforgeable. It must be impossible (or at least very hard) for users to forge a product ...
379 views

### If G is a secure PRG and G' is a function of G, is G' secure?

For example: for secure PRG G if I have a G' s.t. G'(k) = G(k)||0, is ...
339 views

### Using HMAC-SHA256 with short passwords and sliced outputs for short-lived secure hashing

I don't have much background in cryptography, so forgive me if I'm using the wrong mathematical terms to explain my needs. Following this question, I learned that taking a random secret 16-bytes ...
307 views

### Maximal-length LFSR with $n$ bits when the factorization of $2^n-1$ is unavailable?

There's a classical method to efficiently test if a LFSR with $n$ bits is maximal-length (or equivalently, if the feedback polynomial is primitive), when the factorization of $2^n-1$ is available. Do ...
98 views

### 2PC Private Set Intersection Optimized for asymmetrically sized sets

I am researching some concepts of practical 2 party computation and was curious if anyone could point me to a research paper that is focused on private set intersection where one party has a very ...
2k views

### ECDSA vs ECIES vs ECDH

Recently I started studying ECC and I just loved it. I want to transfer some big data (like 3KB), What is the best method, ECDSA, ECIES, or ECDH (and why)? I am confused, how should I choose between ...
407 views

### Are the SHA family hash outputs practically random?

Say I hashed the output from a random number generator (with nonce), would the resulting SHA256 hash be as random as the inputted number? And If I used the first 5 hex characters, and then used the ...
150 views

### Recovery of RC4 key when S-box 0 stage or 1st stage known

I've been exploring around, trying to understand if such thing is even possible. I have some RC4 ciphertext which I know it's plaintext and I would like to extract the key just from cipher and ...
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2k views

### Why hash the message before signing it with RSA?

The diagram below illustrates the process of digitally signing a message with RSA: As diagram shows, the message is first hashed, and the signature is then computed on the hash, rather than on the ...
279 views

### How is the AEScrypt password related to the underlying AES key

AES uses a key that is at most 256 bit. I assume AESCrypt uses AES. When a file is encrypted with AEScrypt, there is no limit to the length of the password. What is the relation between the ...
268 views

### Why use CBC-MAC? Why not just apply hash function on the whole message?

Why not just apply hash function on the whole message? Why convert that message into blocks and hash those blocks? To avoid collisions?
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### is there an algorithm to encrypt all the datatypes?

Is there an algorithm or technique to encrypt all the datatypes such as (video , image , text , fax, audio ,file,etc...) -one algorithm encrypt every thing-? also if I try to build such this ...
470 views

### Can a LFSR be cryptographically secure?

I have been looking at an embedded microcontroller which has a cryptographic hardware engine (in particular the PIC32MZ family). These devices have what they advertise as a cryptographically secure ...
140 views

### Is there a metric (term) for work required to decrypt a public key?

Any public key decryption can be decrypted given enough time and computing power. Is there a metric or term for this? Something like it would require on average 2^43 1024 bit hashes to find private ...
399 views

### Is there a way to generate sound one-time pads out of public information?

Is there a way to 'mangle' a public data-source (for example, the current date in YYYYMMDD or the top New York Times headline) to form a one-time pad that will sufficiently hide the pad's source? ...