# All Questions

203 views

### Logics for Cryptographic Information Games

Preamble: There is currently a zoo of various logics for evaluating (proving) security in cryptographic protocols. The idea is that, by expressing these protocols using some logic, you can create a ...
310 views

### AES file encryption with PBKDF2. Safe parameters?

I'm developing an application that will use public key authentication to contact some webservice. So the user has his keypair on his computer, and I want that file to be encrypted using AES with a key ...
123 views

### Which encryption method supports random reads?

I have a file containing 16-bit samples and I want to encrypt it, but the problem is that I need to be able to read any random 16-bit value from the file, and be to able to decrypt it, without reading ...
55 views

### CBC with random prefix but no IV - secure? [duplicate]

I'm looking at a datagram-based protocol that encrypts a payload. The payload is encrypted with AES or blowfish in CBC mode, and the result is then authenticated with a HMAC. To save space, the ...
199 views

### Using single EC cert/keying material to derive symmetric encryption key (for storage)?

The situation involves a single party (single certificate) who would want to AES encrypt a file that they can later decrypt. Assume the EC certificate + EC keys have a purpose i.e. "File encryption" ...
125 views

### Designing a protocol to record attendance to lectures

Scenario: a class that is not mandatory. The teacher wants a protocol that will satisfy the following requirements: It must record each student's attendance. A student X should not be able to say ...
107 views

### Question about proof of knowledge defintion?

I am just reading the "soundness"-definition for proofs of knowledge by Bellare / Goldreich. A proof of knowledge is a proof between a prover $P$ and a verifier $V$. $P$ convinces $V$ to know a secret ...
86 views

### Is SHA-1 collision free on data up to 20 bytes long? [duplicate]

Is SHA-1 collision free on data up to 20 bytes long (lenght of hash / internal state)? That means that every input produce unique output, but you surely know that, i just write it in order my question ...
111 views

### CBC with fixed IV but changing data [duplicate]

Possible Duplicate: Using CBC with fixed IV I am using AES in CBC mode. For some reasons I have some issues for transmiting the IV. So I am using a fixed IV. If the first 128bits of the ...
168 views

### Does Keccak have an eTCR mode?

On page 7 of NIST's views on SHA-3's security requirements and Evaluation of attacks, I see that, at least at this point, NIST planned on offering SHA-3 having eTCR security (defined on page 3): ...
270 views

### RSA reencryption scheme

Is there such an algorithm that would allow to upgrade the encryption of a RSA-encrypted message without revealing the plaintext to the untrusted user? Basically, such an algorithm would probably be ...
885 views

### MD5 encryption in Windows batch script [closed]

I am making a script in Windows batch to have a registration and login system that stores the passwords in a SQL database using SQLite. I need a command line MD5 encryption program to encrypt the ...
111 views

### RSA security assumptions - does breaking the DLP also break RSA? [duplicate]

Possible Duplicate: Would the ability to efficiently find Discrete Logs have any impact on the security of RSA? I'm wondering if breaking the DLP, that is the basis for ElGamal and DSA, ...
141 views

### Zero Knowledge Example using discrete log

I've been exploring Zero Knowledge Proofs and while the classic cave example by Jean-Jacques Quisquater makes sense, I find the discrete log example problematic. Since the Verifier is given p, g and ...
134 views

### Measure ECC key size

I have implemented a ECC key generation scheme successfully. Now I need to find ECC key sizes of each generating key pairs. I assumed that ECC key size is the size of the ECC private Key. So I would ...
244 views

### Reordering non-block-aligned parts with DES in ECB mode

I was given a ciphertext file which was encrypted using DES in ECB mode. It is known that the plainttext that was encrypted has the following form: Each line of text consists of a payroll followed ...
493 views

### How to submit a new method of encryption?

I came up with a truly new method of applying modulo-2-addition encryption function in stream ciphers which is inspired by a mechanism used to prove a mathematical theorem. How can I determine whether ...
478 views

### Implementing a one-time pad without binary?

This is a program that I found which takes a purely alphabetical message, converts the letters to their ASCII values and combines them with the ASCII values of an alphabetical key (wrapping around ...
1k views

### Approach towards anonymous e-voting

I want to implement an internet-based e-voting system. Voters shall be able to cast their vote for one out of n possible candidates. Each candidate has his own ballot-box kept by and at a trustworthy ...
130 views

### Difference between statistical PRNG and cryptographic PRNG?

What's the difference between a statistical pseudorandom number generator (PRNG) and a cryptographic-strength PRNG? I've seen a lot of PRNGs that are proposed for statistical uses -- e.g., ...
560 views

### How to perform Multiplicative Inverse Modulo in IDEA

How to perform the Multiplicative Inverse Modulo in International Data Encryption Algorithm? I don't understand on how to perform it… For example, let's say I have a value of ...
352 views

### Does AES CTR mode store header information in encrypted files?

According to the movable-type.co.uk website, In the ‘counter mode’ used in this implementation, a counter which changes with each block is first encrypted, and the result is bitwise xor’d with the ...
151 views

### Isn't the structure of a potential plaintext of a ciphertext generated by a one-time pad dispositive, cryptanalysis-wise?

That is, if I generate every possible result, and analyze the structure against, for example, a dictionary, won't that identify which of the solutions in the domain is most likely the correct one? I ...
1k views

### Malleability attacks against encryption without authentication

Suppose there is a message that is encrypted with AES-128-CBC. The message is as follows, new lines are used to delimit the 16 byte boundary for each block: ...
382 views

### Does AES with whitening mode have the following property?

This mode is that each time a random number $K$ is generated, you XOR it with plaintext $M$ and then pass the result to AES. Since AES is a pseudo random permutation, does AES have the following ...
1k views

### How does one scale encryption strength upwards from 256-bit?

I have seen many examples of encryption up to about 256-bit. But how does one programmatically scale the logic upwards in a language such as PHP or Java to say 1024-bit or even 4096-bit and higher? ...
1k views

### Why is the private key generated first in public key crypto?

I'm still new to public key crypto. I'm trying to understand how it is that the private key is generated first in public key crypto? I would have expected the private and public key to be generated at ...
1k views

### Why we can't implement AES 512 key size?

Out of curiosity why we can't implement AES 512 key size? Please explain somehow i can understand! I'm not an expert.
453 views

### Is python a secure programming language for cryptography?

I know Python is a powerful programming language but is it secure for cryptography? I mean is it possible to reverse engineer the program (written in python) and discover the algorithm of cryptography ...
382 views

### SHA-1:Is there any mathematical result that gives us the minimum number of 1's in a 160-bit SHA-1 hash output?

Is there any mathematical result that gives us the minimum number of 1's in a 160-bit SHA-1 hash output? What is the probability that a 160-bit SHA-1 hash output contains at least 128 1's?
513 views

### Encryption vs. decryption of same plaintext

Does the same encryption algorithm given the same plaintext always produces the same ciphertext? Does this cause any security flaws?
649 views

### Salts, how does the script know what the salt is?

I am new to PHP programming and trying to grasp the idea of hashing and encryption for protecting passwords, credit card details and such. I've done a lot of reading about MD5 which I think I ...
1k views

### When NIST disallows the use of 1024-bit keys, what effect will that have on SHA-3 (with max. 512 bits)?

Quoting the article Gone in 60 Months or Less: The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) has disallowed the use of 1024-bit keys after 31 December 2013 because they are insecure. ...
570 views

### Could the Enigma algorithm be classified as a Feistel network?

The Enigma algorithm is a encryption method that was developed (I believe) by the Germans in WWII. It went a little something like this: When a letter was typed on the keyboard of the Enigma ...
219 views

### Is double hashing collision resistant?

Double hashing can surely provide more security than only one layer of hashing but does that necessarily mean it is more collision resistant? This question in a more mathematical form: If $H$ is a ...
123 views

### Is it true the longer the key length is the more secure the encryption?

Then why don't we use xxxxxxx bits encryption? what stopping us from using a very lengthy key? I am referring to the encryption we use with SSL
2k views

### What characters does AES output?

From what I understand after testing the Crypto-JS file here: http://crypto-js.googlecode.com/svn/tags/3.1.2/build/rollups/aes.js AES creates encrypted strings that contained letters, both ...
198 views

### Which encryption method supports random reads?

I have a file containing 16-bit samples and I want to encrypt it, but the problem is that I need to be able to read any random 16-bit value from the file, and be to able to decrypt it, without reading ...
874 views

### why DES encryption uses different modes like ECB,OFB?

As without using modes we can also encrypt and decrypt data then what is the need of using modes in DES?
170 views

### Is it safe to use RSA as a proof-of-work system?

Suppose I devised the following challenge-response proof-of-work system: A server generates a 2048-bit RSA modulus, and uses the "public" exponent (usually 65537) to sign a random nonce a fixed ...
2k views

### Is 512-bit RSA still safe for signature generation?

The standard CSP on Windows XP only supports RSA up to 512-bit, which means that it's the maximum key size I can use for authenticity verification of updates. The public key is embedded in the ...
742 views

### Capacity of Advanced Encryption Standard in terms of File Encryption

what is the capacity of AES in terms of File Encryption? is it really good to encrypt a large files in AES? ex. I am encrypting a 8GB of File... is it still good to used AES? is it still good to used ...
421 views

### Can PBKDF2 be used to create an XOR cipher key to encrypt random plaintext?

I want to encrypt a truly random plaintext (a key file) based on a user password. I'll use PBKDF2-HMAC-SHA256 to generate an encryption key from the password, but I'm wondering if I even need to ...
342 views

### Looking for cryptographic secure hash algorithm(s) that produces identical root hash for differently sliced hash list

I have a scenario similar to the one described in Wikipedia: hash list, but with a twist. I'm looking for a cryptographically secure hash function that would create the same root hash for the same ...
506 views

### Can hashing become encrypting?

hashing some data and encrypting data share some similar attributes. Surely this is why "Difference between encrypting something and hashing something" has been asked. The point of this question is ...
226 views

### Reusing message in One Time Pad

One of the main rules of the OTP is, that a key should never ever be reused. But if we use some commutative operation (XOR for example) for generating the cipher text, then I don't see any difference ...
289 views

### Is it possible to attack RSA with a WalkSat derivative?

We consider a large $n$-bit number $N$. We want to find a factor, if it admits any. For $m$ taking values from $1$ to $n$, perform the following three steps (actually, for each $m$, perform many ...
236 views

### PBKDF2 uses HMAC-SHA1 to generate keys, but what is the key for the HMAC?

I was reading up on PBKDF2 and noted the following: DK = PBKDF2(PRF, Password, Salt, c, dkLen) PRF is a keyed HMAC, but I can't seem to find out what they use ...