# All Questions

439 views

### Compact digital signature for noisy data

The question asks for a signature scheme, with a public verification procedure, that is tolerant to minor alterations of the signed data during its transmission [possibly in analog form over some ...
3k views

### Are there any advantages in using proprietary encryption?

Proprietary software generally relies on the fact that in keeping the encryption algorithm private, it gets an extra layer of security implying "Security through Obscurity." Obviously this phrase has ...
15 views

### How much bandwidth is used in a typical IKE/ISAKMP initialization?

How much bandwidth is used in a typical IKE/ISAKMP initialization? How many UDP packets are sent in each direction, and what is their typical size? I'm referring to initialization of IPsec via IKE/...
120 views

### Quantum vs. regular computing time to break ECC?

How long exactly would it take for a regular computer to crack an elliptic curve public/private key via bruteforce, vs. a quantum computer using Shor's algorithm with a couple thousand qubits? Can ...
258 views

### How long does it take to decrypt an RSA/ECB encrypted message?

I am working on assignment where I have specific scenarios and I am little bit struggling with this one. Alice sends and email to Bob.For this e-mail, she uses the following method of encryption: ...
95 views

### Appropriate scrypt parameters when generating an scrypt hash

What values for CPU, memory and parallel difficulty should be used when generating an scrypt hash? i.e. ...
41 views

### what kind of custom header add to encrypted file to identify my encryption,consider safe and reliable.like pseudo format extension or file size

I want to add some custom header to encrypted file to identify my encryption,consider safe and reliable.like pseudo format extension or file size.Is there any algorithm or tool to make it?
25 views

### Older key as PGP subkey?

Currently I have a 2048-bit PGP key. Suppose I create a new 4096-bit key. Can I add that old key as a subkey of this new one?
370 views

### Can Shor's algorithm compromise RSA when both the public and private key are secret?

If RSA is to create a public private key pair and encryption is performed on plain test P to create cipher text C, given P and C could Shor's algorithm be used to find either of the public and private ...
177 views

### Encryption-then-encode or encode-then-encryption?

I have this question in which I m struggling. I have read in many sites about encrypt-then-mac etc. If the confidentiality for transmission is needed, discuss the feature for the order of encryption ...
57 views

### AES encryption for pairwise identifiers

I'd like to map a random ID of 16 bytes (sourceID) to another random ID of 16 bytes (targetID). The operation should: only be reversible by me be deterministic There are about 1 million source ...
3k views

### How to calculate the maximum output size for data encrypted with a RSA Private Key?

I have an an encryption algorithm I am working with that looks like this: prv_key_enc(sha1_hash(data)) Where, the RSA parameters are: RSA/ECB/PKCS1Padding 1024 ...
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44 views

### How was the AES MixColumns matrix constructed?

How was the constant matrix in AES MixColumns constructed? \begin{bmatrix} 02 & 03 & 01 & 01 \\ 01 & 02 & 03 & 01 \\ 01 & 01 & 02 & 03 \\ 03 & 01 & 01 &...
25 views

### LENGTH Parameter in the EEA2 AES-128 of LTE

In the EEA2 option for encryption in LTE the AES-128 algorithm is mechanized. There, the nonce used in the CTR Mode is a 128-bit value. The first 64-bits are covered by a COUNTER, a BEARER, a ...
39 views

### Hash Function representation in identity-based encryption

Some describe as $H:F_{q}\times G_{2}\rightarrow \{0,1\}^{n}$.Some describe as $H:\{0,1\}^{*}\times\{0,1\}^{*}\rightarrow F_{q}$. What is the meaning of product function? what kind of operation does ...
479 views

### What is the motivation behind Key-policy Attribute-based Encryption?

What is Attribute Based Encryption? has a nice explanation what both forms (Ciphertext-policy Attribute-based Encryption and Key-policy Attribute-based Encryption) are. My question is: what is the ...
49 views

### Computational Cost : Scalar Multiplication vs exponentiation in elliptic curve

$Pub=\gamma P$ and $Pub=P^{\gamma}$ where $P \in G_{1}$ and $\gamma \in Z_{p}$ Which one has less computational cost?
60 views

### What would currently make the strongest https connection?

when you look at the encryption websites use you will see that there is alot of diversity, some use 256 bit keys some do not, some use DHE-RSA some ECDHE some use sha 256 some sha1, but my question is,...
85 views

### Fixed primes in discrete logarithm

The discrete logarithm problem is to find $z$ when the inputs are $g,h,p$ where $g^z\bmod p$. Supposing if you fix $p$ then does the problem become any easier to attacks and is there a $(\log p)^c$ ...
82 views

### Why does 3DES need private key to decrypt?

I create two files, my.cer and my.pem ( include certificate and private key), I encrypt a file with my.cer, I use openssl smime -encrypt command. When decrypting data, it needs my.pem. I think 3DES ...
59 views

### Output of a Linear Shift Register given Plaintext and intial state

Given an initial state $S_0 = (0101)$ and plaintext $P = 1010101011$ I need to find the ciphertext. The method to solve this was not taught in my coursework, and the information I have found online ...
41 views

### Why is synthetic IV (SIV) mode considered deterministic authenticated encryption (DAE)?

I was just going over my (old) notes from Coursera's Cryptography I course, and I was puzzled by the description of SIV as providing deterministic authenticated encryption (DAE). The general SIV ...
151 views

### Is it possible to brute-force a hash algorithm of 32 bits

I have a 30000 user passwords and usernames stored in a table on a database in which the passwords are stored as hash where ,I need to guess the passwords for all users and I have the hash function ...
1k views

### Is MD5 second-preimage resistant when used only on FIXED length messages?

I fully realize that MD5 should not be used in any new project, but in my particular situation I have severe CPU performance issues, so MD5 is convenient. I have read a lot about MD5 security for this ...
3k views

### Accelerating SHA-1

I have a program where computing SHA-1 is the bottleneck. This is using OpenSSL 1.0.0e on a 2.6Ghz 16-core Opteron where I get about 325MiB/s throughput. (SHA1 here is via Andy Polyakov's x86-64 ...
53 views

### Is PKCS7 a signature format or a certificate format?

I always though PKCS7 was a signature format. However, on the net I find several references to PKCS7 being a certificate format - for example, this talks about PKCS7 certificate: Extract raw ...
58 views

### Can the attack in https://eprint.iacr.org/2008/469.pdf be parallelized?

Can this attack be parallelized? It is a $2^{57}$ complexity collision attack on SHA-1 based on disturbance vectors. If it is practical it is easy on a GPU ($\approx1.1$ GPU-days). If it is ...
58 views

### Does encryption of data/information take place in peer to peer networks like Gnutella, Bittorrent?

Do peer to peer networks like Gnutella, Bittorrent have any encryption system to secure the users privacy or encrypt the file/data being shared? Elaborate please.
60 views

### bruteforce on aes 256 cbc mode

i have a series of encrypted text , they encrypted by aes 256 bit cbc mode for every encrypted text there is an iv that i have them also and i know its algorithm is aes 256 bit cbc mode i can ...
28 views

### Some terms related to secret sharing: Optimality, What does it mean?

In any secret sharing scheme we have to develop step by step. After constructing such scheme we need to reduce share size. Why? e.g. Robust secret sharing scheme is modified Shamir secret sharing ...
1k views

### Password hashing security of argon2 versus bcrypt/PBKDF2?

I wonder if it can be approximated how much of a security margin the new argon2 hash, winner of the password hashing competition, can give over bcrypt or PBKDF2, for an attacker using large GPU ...
634 views

Next to the traditional MD5 and SHA-1, other hashing algorithms exist based on symmetric encryption algorithms. An example is the Matyas–Meyer–Oseas construction. What are the advantages/...
125 views

### ElGamal Signatures

I know various applications of RSA signatures. I wonder, is there any real-world applications of ElGamal signatures and encryption?
39 views

### Is the ring learning with errors problem still hard if the errors are drawn from some subspace?

Let $R=\mathbb{Z}_p[x]/x^n+1$ be the ring used in normal RLWE, which is linear space over $\mathbb{Z}_p$ with dimension of $n$, let $S$ be a linear subspace of $R$ which described by linear ...
58 views

### Name of an archaic type of RSA padding (0BBBBBBB…)

In some legacy code, I encountered RSA signature padding in the following format (hexadecimal): 0B BB BB BB BB BB BB ... BB BB <hash> Is there a name for ...
62 views

### identifying presence of encryption of zero in additive homomorphic encryption

Lets say the server has corpus of ciphertext contains $enc(a),enc(b),enc(c), \dotsc enc(x)$. The encryption function is an additive homomorphic scheme (like Paillier). The server knows only the public ...
44 views

### How can I obtain the raw decimal value of an RSA key's modulus?

So maybe I'm thinking about this too hard, or maybe I'm missing a piece of information. We'll use Google for this example. Say I wanted to obtain the modulus of Google's current public key. Well I ...
65 views

### Why is Diffie-Hellman used instead of just RSA in key-exchange (TLS, IKE)?

Why should a key exchange protocol (such as in TLS or IKE) use Diffie Hellman? Why not just use RSA? For example: Alice picks a random session key, signs it, encrypts it with Bob's public key, and ...
146 views

### Should I add randomness at the end before AES?

Seen AES, changing a character drastically affects the encrypted text. I want to make it harder to decrypt AES I send. So, it seems this can be done by adding some special code and some random bytes <...
208 views

### paradox on fully homomorphic equality checking

Imagine, a client encrypts a corpus of data (say documents of text) with the public key of a Fully Homomorphic Encryption scheme (FHE) and outsources the data to an untrusted server.Now the client ...
65 views

### Is PGP's way of maintaining email security optimal? [duplicate]

I read a book called "computer networking: A top-down approach". It talked about how PGP creates an email message between Alice and Bob to maintain confidentiality, integrity, and authenticity. Let me ...
101 views

### Zero-knowledge proof system which is not proof of knowledge?

I have learned that a zero-knowledge (ZK) proof system can be constructed by making use of the three-color problem. In this particular case, the proof system also happens to be proof of knowledge (POK)...