# All Questions

75 views

### Simulation based proofs: Simple examples

I am aware that,(in theory) in order to proof that a scheme is secure using simulation based proof we replace an adversary in real world with a simulator in ideal world. Then we try to show that their ...
51 views

### Are digital signatures using preprocessed paper pads possible?

My idea was, given that a computer could produce some sort of lookup tables on paper, could then a human use those lookup tables to create a system for digital signatures? This was really an idea for ...
77 views

### 64bit nonce in AES-CTR, why not 128?

I'm just a bit confused about the nonce/IV in AES-CTR ... it seems the suggested way to go is have a 64bit random nonce, and use the last 64bits as the counter, "starting at 0". I'm just wondering ...
1k views

### Bleichenbacher 1998 “Million message attack” on RSA

I have been reading Bleichenbacher's 1998 paper on a forged message attack on RSA. The paper assumes access to an Oracle that takes a ciphertext $c$ and will check the decrypted text for valid PKCS #1 ...
81 views

### Determine AES key given encrypted and unencrypted files

Given an encrypted file, the original unencrypted (cleartext) file, and knowledge of which AES encryption algorithm was used, is it possible to determine the key that was used to encrypt the data in a ...
55 views

### Is authenticated encryption basically a lockable box?

I recently used a custom construction as a commitment scheme, which was taken from the standard picture you give people while explaining commitment schemes. Basically commitment schemes can be ...
487 views

### Why does “2xAES-256” provide “99.99%” security strength whereas “1xAES-128” provides “40%”? [closed]

I recently was "directed" to FlipsCloud, a company selling security solutions (as far as I can tell). In particular I've investigated their page and found a page on their "encryption features". This ...
25 views

### Identification schemes: Okamoto

I am reading Cryptography theory and practice by Stinson. The book is talking about the proof of security of Schnorr and Okamoto schemes. It claims that if an impersonater can find (in the case of the ...
38 views

### Cryptography in wireless medium

.i'm new to this Area. Que. how do i implement asymmetric key algorithm into wireless medium using ns 2.35 ? e.g. node A is a sender and B is a receiver now A is sending a pkt using Bs public ...
35 views

### Collision Probability of MD5 over different attacks

I am researching on collision probability of MD5 on various attacks against it. Can someone help me with finding what is the least probability that there will be collision in specific attack on MD5 ? ...
78 views

### Using HMAC SHA256 to protect payment files in local trusted network

in a project that I am working on we have been tasked with eliminating PGP while providing sufficient security to protect payment files only within the Company's trusted network. We arrived at HMAC ...
80 views

### How many bits to flip in an RSA public key to do signature forgery?

Scenario: Alice wants to verify a signature from Bob. Alice knows Bob's RSA public key (e, n). However, Alice is getting the data, the signature of the data and the public key from an attacker Eve. ...
87 views

### Deterministic ECDSA signatures?

ECDSA signatures depend on parameter k that is chosen by the signer. As a result, there are many signatures for the same private key d and message m. What I want to achieve is a deterministic ...
81 views

### What needs to be proved for a cryptosystem to be secure?

For example showing that it is easy to produce ciphertext from plaintext but is difficult/impossible to get plain text from ciphertext. I am asking in general but am more interested in asymmetric ...
117 views

### How does SafeNet MobilePASS generate passwords? (TOTP Variant)

This question is similar to How does SafeNet MobilePASS generate passwords? The question and answer there is related to the HMAC Variant of SafeNet Mobilepass. I'm looking for details on the TOTP ...
41 views

### Why does encryption in STS protocol protect against identity attacks?

The basic STS protocol contains encryption of the signature as shown in Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Station-to-Station_protocol If we would like to defend against MITM attack, this ...
30 views

### Blowfish Weak keys

I've read about the weak key issue with Blowfish, but can't seem to find anything that explains the practical effect of weak keys on Blowfish with the full 16 rounds. Is there any actual attack upon ...
33 views

### Unconditional authentication

I have a few questions regarding universal-hash functions: Is there a way universal hash functions can be used to provide unconditional authentication in the way the OTP provides unconditional ...
37 views

### Problems implementing AES in CBC+CTS mode

I'm trying to implement an AES cipher in CBC+CTS mode, but I'm unable to get the second last plaintext block to decrypt properly. I've attached my code, it's based on the steps listed under CBC ...
81 views

### EC: Why does $h>200$ need to hold?

The class number of the principal order belonging to the endomorphism ring of E SHOULD be at least 200. From TR-03111 (pdf page 15). This value commonly is referred to as $h$. So my ...
70 views

### How to derive the curve Ed25519 from Curve25519?

According to the paper "Faster addition and doubling on elliptic curves" by Bernstein and Lange, the Montgomery curve (Curve25519) $$v^{2}=u^{3}+486662\cdot u^{2}+u$$ is birationally equivalent to the ...
35 views

### One-Time-Signature based codes

I'm trying to understand the sentence in bold, in the follow paragraph of A new one-time signature scheme from syndrome decoding Keygen: Given a security parameter $\lambda$, choose a suitable ...
7 views

### What if the Local Windows Cert Store is Compromised? [migrated]

The diagram below illustrates chaining digital certificates up to a publicly trusted Root Certificate: I have been researching how trusted root authorities (such as GlobalSign or Verisign) are used ...
11k views

### Difference between encrypting something and hashing something

What is the difference between encrypting something and hashing something? in what situations would I want one or the other?
14 views

### Need of highest MAC tag size in AES CCM, when using CTR + CBC-MAC (not CBC MAC only)

Assuming that AES CCM is used with respect of the NONCE unicity // the key life cycle, I wonder about the need of using the highest size for CBC-MAC authentication tag if CTR mode encrypts both ...
100 views

### Is this hypothetical key-exchange secure?

I've thought about the following (generic) key-agreement protocol. The only weaknesses I could have found are missing freshness guaranteees. As for the notions: $E^1_K(P)$ is the symmetric encryption ...
35 views

### Correctness of ideal protocol of MPC in presence of malicious adversary

In presence of malicious adversaries in ideal protocol of Multi Party Computation, how can honest parties get the correct output? i.e., corrupted parties modify their inputs and give to the trusted ...
38 views

### N users must approve a request

I have a locked-down production system that we'd like to process specific requests, picked-up (poll) from a less-secure location. For security and "go slow, this is production" reasons, a request ...
51 views

### Is it a good practice to use plain text for derivation of Keys?

I have a question regarding the derivation of keys in crypto. Is it a good practice to use the plain text (in form of hashes) for derivation of keys ? these keys will be used for encryption of the ...
43 views

### EAX cipher mode with nonce equal header

I am using EAX AEAD with an 8-byte message header which carries a 32-bit sequence number, a message length, and some other bits that I don't mind exposing. Assuming the sequence number never repeats ...
38 views

### Explain m-ary functionality in multiparty computation

what is meant by m-ary functionality in secure multiparty computation? Can anyone explain with an example? Thanks in advance
991 views

### What good is a hash accompanying a program?

After studying at length about weaknesses in SHA2, length extension attacks, forged signatures, etc. I have to ask why groups like Gnu provide hashes on their program texts? As long as the public ...
85 views

### Build set with PKI from reliable broadcast / random beacon

I am trying to build a protocol (or find an existing one) for creating a set $S_2$ with PKI from a set of parties $S_1$ that initially does not know anything about the other parties. We assume ...
38 views

### “Order” in cryptographic terms for generators

Frequently I have seen people use the term order in cryptography (the group theoretic one). I have a mathematical background and order (say for prime modulus $p$) is defined as the smallest integer ...
93 views

### Where I can find a list of certified software / hardware RNGs compliant to NIST SP 800-22?

I need to use NIST SP 800-22 approved software / hardware to generate RSA key pair. Where I can find a list of certified software / hardware RNGs compliant to NIST SP 800-22? And how is the SP ...
10k views

### Calculating RSA private exponent when given public exponent and the modulus factors using extended euclid

When given $p = 5, q = 11, N = 55$ and $e = 17$, I'm trying to compute the RSA private key $d$. I can calculate $\varphi(N) = 40$, but my lecturer then says to use the extended Euclidean algorithm to ...
51 views

### Get AES key from client request

I get a request from a client who encrypts the message with the wrong AES key. Is there a way for me to know what AES key the client actually used? I understand I may get the decrypted msg which is ...
4k views

### The modulus of RSA public key

I am studying the RSA cryptosystem. The public key consists of $(n, e)$, the modulus (product of two large primes), and the encryption exponent. I want to separate the modulus $n$ and exponent $e$. A ...
72 views

### Ring-LWE elliptic gaussian distribution

I am currently trying to understand this Ring-LWE article: http://www.cims.nyu.edu/~regev/papers/ideal-lwe.pdf and I have a question. Firstly, it is mentioned in the paper that we can view the ...
283 views

### Why should the primes used in RSA be distinct?

The two primes $p$ and $q$ part of the public key need to be distinct. What's the reason for them to be distinct? Is it because factorization of $p^2$ where $p$ is a prime is relatively easier, or is ...
38 views

### What is the meaning for a vector mod a matrix in a lattice?

I'm reading about the lattice recently.In the paper, it gives a method of a vector mod a matrix: ⃗c mod B as ⃗c−⌊⃗c×B^(−1)⌉×B = [⃗c×B^(−1)]×B. I know that a integer A mod the other integer B is ...
85 views

### Is there a scheme that allows to use RSA based challenge response protocol limited to signing only 8 bytes to create a secure signature of any data?

I have a tiny device that has a challenge-response authentication mechanism where the device signs 8 bytes of any data with it's internal 2048 bit RSA key. I would like to be able to certify any data ...
45 views

### AES-CBC pre-determined IV vs. null IV

Is there any security advantage to using a pre-determined IV in CBC mode over a null IV? I'm implementing a license key system similar to this article on CodeProject, but I'm confused by the authors ...
37 views

### Pseudorandom functions: how are functions stored?

I am wondering about the setup for testing if a function family is pseudorandom. We step into a room, and query the black box with $x$, which yields $f(x)$, etc... We don't know if $f$ is a random ...
71 views

### What is the meaning of h(r) in this protocol?

Could somebody tell me what the meaning is of $h(r)$ in the protocol below? ‎‎$A‎\leftarrow‎{B}\quad:{h(r)‎‎}{,B}{,P{_A(r,B)}}‎ \\A‎\rightarrow‎{B}\quad:r$
20 views

### how to implement order preserving encryption except cryptdb

Which cryptographic algorithm is suitable for implementing order preserving encryption with out using cryptdb
82 views

### How to generate new LWE samples

Assume we are given a small fixed number of LWE samples with secret $s$ and error $e$, where the error distribution is taken so that the LWE problem is hard. My question: How can one further ...
297 views

### Why isn't outputting only a portion of the hash state a simple defense against length extension attacks?

As I understand length extension attacks, they depend on the coincidental property of most cryptographic hash functions that the hash value is exactly the hash function state after hashing the last ...