# All Questions

94 views

### Hash function as secure as one-time pad?

We know that the one-time pad is provably secure as a cipher to encrypt some data. Is there an algorithm which does the same just as a hash function? Can we get a provably secure hash function? Maybe ...
38 views

### What happens when an x509 CA certificate expires? [migrated]

I have the following issue: we use TLS with client cert verification to identify clients to a service. To this end, we have created our own self-signed certificate authority, which does nothing but ...
24 views

### Identity-Based Encryption consist of four algorithms. Extract phase is one of them and it is done by PKG or receiver?

The Identity-Based Encryption consist of four randomized algorithms: Setup, Extract, Encrypt, Decryption. The Setup phase is done by Private-key generator, Encrypt by sender and Decryption by ...
67 views

### Remove padding (CBC) from decrypted text

I have a bit problem with padding. Everything goes fine when I encrypt the text BUT when I decrypt I see some extra characters. Sometime's one character sometimes more and I dont know how to remove ...
174 views

### Storing AES encrypted RSA private keys on a server

I'm thinking about creating an encrypted messaging web application where users create RSA key pairs, they store the public key on the server for others to see and also store an AES encrypted private ...
24 views

### Security comparison of the following PBE algorithms - PBKDF2WithHmacSHA1 Vs PBEWITHSHA256AND256BITAES-CBC-BC

Which among these conform to the PKCS#5 OR PKCS#12 standards ? Are they JCE compliant - In other words which providers have implemented them in a JCE compliant manner ? How do they fare in terms of ...
38 views

### Parameters for elliptic curve prime192v3

I'm looking all over the internet for prime192v3's parameters. I think I may have found them here, but it doesn't say what variable each number matches to. Is there some central place where I can find ...
65 views

### Finding $x$'s parity in the discrete log problem

Suppose $p$ is prime, and $g, a\in\mathbb F_p$ are given elements with $g$ a primitive root. The discrete log problem poses the task of finding an integer $x$ such that $g^x=a$. Show that even if $x$ ...
20 views

### How does CTR-ESSIV work ? (cryptsetup Linux)

I'm using Wikipedia and Handbook of Applied Cryptography as references. I know that ESSIV generates an initialization vector (IV) by combining a hashed key with the sector number. However, I only see ...
58 views

### Are passwords generated from sine vulnerable to certain attacks?

A friend mentioned that he used the sine of a number, i.e. sind(54), to generate long passwords. This way he only has to remember sine 54 and have a calculator to get his password back. I am wondering ...
44 views

### OpenSSL encrypted text length

OpenSSL block ciphers return length of the text as output of the encryption (envelope_seal()), and If I have to send the length over network, I append the length ...
89 views

### Simple multiplication as an encryption method

There was a time when I wondered about multiplication as an encryption operation. That was when I was thinking in terms of modular multiplication. But how about based around simple multiplication. ...
148 views

### Looking For Additively Homomorphic Encryption

I have a construction that requires as primitive an Additively Homomorphic Encryption scheme that does not rely on hidden group order, meaning I can't use Paillier. I now have two different ...
113 views

### Is $f(x)\oplus x$ a one-way function?

Given that $f$ is a OWF and $|f(x)|=|x|$ for all $x$, is $g(x)=f(x)\oplus x$ necessarily also a OWF?
42 views

### RSA algorithm in this doesnt (ever) give right decryption [duplicate]

Lets consider p=47 q=57 msg=3 n=p*q=2679 ф(n)=2576 now e=11, and inverse of e is 1171 modulo ф(n) y=msg^e=333(mod n) ///Encryption y^d=1131(mod n) ///Decryption but this is not original message ...
54 views

I have recently been playing with Chacha20-Poly1305 with libsodium, and all of the examples state the additional data portion of the tag is stored in plaintext when encrypted. But from what I can tell ...
81 views

### Why is knowing M not enough to break Blum Blum Shub?

In Blum Blum Shub, the generator is $x_{n+1}={x_n}^2 \mod M$ where $M=p \cdot q$, $p \in \mathbb P$, and $q \in \mathbb P$. Supposedly, knowing $p$ and $q$ is enough to break the system. But if I know ...
26 views

### Boneh-Boyen like signature scheme

Full Boneh-Boyen signature scheme defines a pair of secret keys (SK) $a \in \mathbb{Z}_n$ and $b \in \mathbb{Z}_n$ and a pair of public keys (PK) $A = G^a \in \mathbb{G}$ and $B = G^b \in \mathbb{G}$. ...
221 views

### How hard is it to find plaintexts whose hashes satisfy $h(a)\oplus h(b)=h(c)$?

Given a cryptographic hash function $h$, for example SHA256, how hard is it to find plaintexts $a,b,c$ such that $$h(a)\oplus h(b)=h(c) \text?$$
63 views

### Is there any advantage on encrypting the CMAC together with the message?

I'm reading a protocol specification where the procedure is to generate a CMAC, take the first 4 bytes of it, append this authentication tag to the message and then encrypt the message + CMAC together ...
47 views

### Noisiest RF band for random number generation

I've been looking into the difference between PRNGs and proper RNG techniques. One that I particularly like is the idea of tuning a radio to a certain frequency and bandwidth and just listening to the ...
64 views

### Trivium example

I started learning cryptography from Understanding Cryptography book of Christof Paar and Jan Pelzl. Here is the problem I have solved but I want to be sure that it is correct. Assume the ...
167 views

### How can I map arbitrary group elements to unique integers without using Hash functions?

Let's say, I have a group $G$ of large prime order $p$. A set $S$ consists of $n$ random elements chosen from $G$. Without using a collision resistant hash function $H$, how can I map elements of $G$ ...
103 views

### Client-Server application how can data be encrypted so only clients can read it

Requirements We are building a system that connects multiple clients through a restful API. It allows the creation of groups of trusted clients. We need a way to store group shared data encrypted ...
68 views

### Sage Vs C++(with NTL) for implementing cryptosystems

Is Sage a better alternative to C++(with NTL), for programming that involves math objects like polynomial rings in cryptosystems? I hear that Sage is an open source alternative to Magma. I have used ...
108 views

### Given $g^a, g^b, g^c, g^{1/b}$, is it hard to distinguish $e(g, g)^{abc}$ from a random value?

where $g$ is a group element in bilinear group $\mathbb{G}$. I understand it is very similar to the conventional DBDH problem, but $g^{1/b}$ is also known, possibly making it easier? Does anyone know ...
87 views

### In ECC, how do I prove that point addition is commutative?

I am studying elliptic curve cryptography and this question is related to the commutative property of point addition operation. Point addition $P_3(x_3,y_3)$ of two points $P_1(x_1, y_1)$ and ...
153 views

### Does using modulo (%) affect quality of randomness?

I'm writing a small script that generates random non-signed decimal integers within a certain range of values. I'm using GNU od, with the following command: ...
28 views

### Stream cipher key length to send

I was being argued that stream cipher's key that is the length of the message must be sent to the destination for them to be able to decrypt the message. My point is don't you only have to send the ...
68 views

### Can you exchange a shared key without any hardness assumptions?

Imagine that P=NP, and one way functions don't exist. Can two people end up with a random shared key of arbitrary length, if every exchange is public? They have true RNGs, and know who they are ...
107 views

### Size of a MAC for a quickly checked message?

Let suppose that we have to check a message that was written one second ago. The message is discarded immediately after having being checked. What "minimal" size for such a MAC is secure ? Thank you. ...
48 views

### compression with codebook and Cryptography

a question about the difference between code book based compression method and key based cryptography. As I know Crypto != Compression. The Shannon said Crypto is try to reduce the information of ...
56 views

### FEAL-4 Fk Function 4 Rounds

As I understood in FEAL-4 it needs 4 pair of round keys. Which means that we need to launch Fk function 4 times, but the problem occures on the 2nd round. At first round we have original 64 bits key ...
81 views

### Existence of encryption schemes where $F_{k}^{-1} \big( F_{k}(A) + R \big) = A + O(R)$

Is there a encryption scheme in literature, where I can do something like $$F_{k_1}^{-1} \big( F_{k_2}(A) + R \big) = A + O(R)$$ where, $A$ is a $m \times n$ real matrix, $R$ is a $m \times n$ real ...
33 views

### Generating cyclic group for Ciphertext-Policy Attribute-Based Encryption [closed]

I am doing Project under the topic CP-ABE.I need to generate a symmetric bilinear group Go of prime order p and with generator g...Then how to choose random elements from Zp....kindly anyone help ...
75 views

### Counter Mode with a sequence of zeros bits plaintext, is it secure?

I had a quiz last week in computer security course. There was a confusing question that I am still looking for a good and clear answer. First, I know that counter mode with a good block cipher is ...
76 views

### Generation of a cyclic group of prime order

I am trying to implement a cyclic group generator in Java, but I am running into some issues. In many cryptosystems, the following phrase is expressed during the key generation stage. Let G be ...
30 views

### What does K stand for in frequency analysis

It was from frequency analysis lecture and the professor mentioned but I cannot recall. The K value for English was .067, German was .076. The lowest K was Russian which was .056. When the frequency ...
74 views

### How fast would a polynomial time factoring algorithm compute?

I know factoring is the chief means of breaking RSA keys. I know an algorithm that runs in polynomial time would be able to break an RSA key pair "quickly". But how quickly is "quickly"? Note, I'm not ...
32 views

### ssh-keygen bit why not use 4095 or 4097? [duplicate]

All examples of using ssh-keygen I have seen has always been some power of 2 (2048, 4096). ssh-keygen -t rsa -b 4096 Why use those numbers? Why not use 3333? ...
58 views

### Weak Boneh-Boyen Signature in Composite order group

In the paper Ring Signatures of Sub-linear Size Without Random Oracles, authors have remarked that the scheme is instantiable in composite order setting, too. I am attaching the following reference ...
48 views

### Is adaptive security the same as full security?

This question contains a great answer about adaptive security, but I haven't yet found a proper definition what full security is. Does a stronger security than adaptive security exist or are the two ...
145 views

### Encrypting with Davies-Meyer hash function scheme

So I need to to illustrate Davies-Meyer hash function for a message “123” with 1-byte blocks. I can use the extended ASCII representation where each character is represented as a byte. And I can pick ...
433 views

### Who first published the interest of more than two prime factors in RSA?

Multi-prime RSA is now a well known technique: it uses $k>2$ distinct secret prime factors in the public RSA modulus, with the advantage that, using the CRT, we can gain a speed boost in ...
14k views

### Are there two known strings which have the same MD5 hash value?

Is there an example of two known strings which have the same MD5 hash value (representing a so-called "MD5 collision")?
39 views

### Automatic generation of secure passwords with the least inconvenience for a user

I'm working on a web site for a private company that should allow them to upload files, which will be later retrieved by their affiliates. The site will be available from a public Internet using ...
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### Is BBS used for generation of keys for any modem cryptosystem?

Is there any (current) cryptosystem or digital signature or cryptographic primitive that uses the BBS PRG in order to generate its secret keys?
131 views

### Why are some $x$ coordinates unsuitable for an ECDSA generator point?

For Bitcoin's ECDSA curve (secp256k1, where $a=0$, $b=7$), why can't the generator point's first coordinate be $x=0$? That is, the point on the curve would be $(0,y)$ where $y$ satisfies \$y^2 = 0^3 + ...