# All Questions

49 views

### Is a nonce considered 'secret' enough for HMAC?

We're implementing a mobile application which communicates with a web service, and on first install the user sends its deviceid to the web service (over TLS, unauthenticated at this point) - which ...
665 views

### Computational feasible to reverse MD5SUM?

This might be out of ignorance, I apologize, but how complex of a problem might it be to generate a file of size $N$ whose MD5SUM is $X$? For example, ...
4k views

### Why can't I reverse a hash to a possible input?

I'm going to provide “proof” why a hash function can be reversed, and I hope you can tell my why I'm wrong So, a hash function can be implemented as a series of logic gates. All logic gates can be ...
3k views

### Cryptanalysis to reverse engineer a hash?

I understand this may not be the best place to ask a question like this, but I believe that this community may be the best/only place I can ask such a question. I have inputs and outputs from an ...
53 views

### Is Shoup's Practical Threshold Signatures considered secure?

I am planning to use threshold cryptography in a Java application. So far, I have only found ThresSig and a ECDSA implementation used in TwoFactorBtcWallet. However, ThresSig is based on a 15-years ...
65 views

### Where can I get the correct and precise algorithms for elliptic curve cryptography?

I have been asked to implement cryptographic operations using elliptic curves. I would like to get precise algorithms for various processes like key generation, digital signature and verification. I ...
19 views

### Does HTTP/2's opportunistic encryption potentially allow man-in-the-middle attacks? [migrated]

HTTP/2's opportunistic encryption of http URIs using TLS appears to allow the possibility of man-in-the-middle attacks. Is that true? RFC for opportunistic encryption in HTTP2. Here's HTTP/2's spec ...
48 views

### Easy hash function collision

I'm designing a cryptography-breaking assignment for a college-level introductory security course, and I'm looking for a hash function which is reasonably easy (but not too easy) to generate ...
44 views

### If PRF is non invertible, why does Ctr-mode work?

I am currently taking Dan Boneh's Cryptography I course online. I have just finished the segment discussing the Cipher Block Chaining and Counter-Mode. I am having difficulty understanding why ...
48 views

### How do we solve Shammir 2,3 sharring scheme where arithmetic is modulo?

I am trying to get secret S and I have 3 values (2,2)(6,3)(4,9) and know that modulo is 13. I tried using Lagrange basis polynomial and got 8 but I am not sure if that is right and also I cannot find ...
68 views

### A “one time pad” can be thought of a Vigenere cipher with

A "One Time Pad" can be thought of a Vigenere cipher with... An infinitely long key A secure symmetric key Multiple ciphertext alphabets A columnar transposition I had this question come up ...
78 views

### Private and public keys, how do they relate mathematically? [closed]

Assuming everyone here knows the basics of a public private key, then you know the keys are mathematically related. My question is, what is the math? I really would like an in detail algorithm of the ...
67 views

### How can one protect against a Man In The Middle attack during key exchange without using certificates?

Besides using a certificate to defend against a man in the middle attack during a key exchange, what methods can be used?
855 views

### Can I use a key-derivation-function as the hash function H in SRP?

In the Secure Remote Password Protocol, the verifier must be stored on the server. In the case of a server compromise, an attacker could obtain these verifiers. If nobody reused passwords, this ...
71 views

### Why is RSA encryption version 1.0 not specified in an RFC?

I saw that there are three RSA encryption versions, as follows: RSA encryption version 1.5 (RFC 2313) RSA cryptography specification version 2.0 (RFC 2347) RSA cryptography specification version 2.1 ...
614 views

### Is TEA considered secure?

Wikipedia claims that the best attack on the surprisingly simple TEA block cipher, that isn't a related-key attack, has a time complexity of $2^{121.5}$. So despite how unsophisticated the cipher ...
32 views

### Hiding the identity of a party within the Kerberos authentication scheme

In the Kerberos authentication protocol, as described here: would it be safer to replace step (1) with: $$A \rightarrow T : A, E_{K_A{_{T}}}(B, N_A)$$ so that a passive adversary does not know ...
4k views

### What does AES256-CTS-HMAC-SHA1-96 mean in relation to Kerberos?

I'm not completely clueless as to what it means, but I'd like to understand it at a higher level. The highest encryption type used by Active Directory domain controllers for Kerberos authentication ...
171 views

### What is sent on the initial communication with Kerberos?

When a user wants to communicate with another user (let's say Alice and Bob), what is sent over the network during the initial communication? Alice uses her Kerberos client and enters her password ...
29 views

### What is the DK function when generating an AES key for Kerberos 5?

I'm trying to understand RFC3962. So far I understood everything, except for the last part: generating the derived key from the PBKDF2 output. To generate an encryption key from a pass phrase and ...
38 views

### Is it possible to have self-authenticated message?

Consider a text with $n$ words which $m$ words of it can be replaced with an equivalent word. Therefore we have $2^m$ different texts with the same meaning. For example "You are {so/very} ...
17 views

### Proving for a single input vs several inputs. Is there any difference?

I am working on a new protocol for pattern matching. While defining the ideal functionality, it is possible to say: Alice sends $p$ and Bob sends $T$ to the ideal functionality. i.e. searching for ...
18 views

### TLS RSA Certificate with Elliptic Curve Negotiation

When I look at Google's Public Key in Firefox I get PKCS #1 SHA-256 With RSA Encryption Yet according to SSL Labs Google has EC 256 bits / SHA256withRSA and supports ...
18 views

### How do I check if the secret key polynomial of the ATV-FHE (NTRU based) scheme is invertible?

I want to implement the ATV-FHE scheme as described here https://eprint.iacr.org/2014/039.pdf. To generate the secret key polynomial I compute f = 2*u + 1 , with scheme parameters chosen such that ...
33 views

### 2DES COST ANALYSE

could you please help me to understand a question about 2DES? Thanks Q: 2DES(x) = DESK2 (DESK1 (x)) First, let us assume a pure key search without any memory usage. For this purpose, the ...
15 views

### Encrypted vs unencrypted digital signatures [duplicate]

Is there a difference in terms of security between An encrypted stream of bits obtained by encrypting a plaintext concatenated with it's signature $C = E_k(plaintext||\sigma)$ where $E$ is a ...
166 views

### Given a linear block-cipher,how can an attacker decrypt any plaintext value encrypted,using 128 chosen ciphertexts

Given the linear block cipher $LinearCipher(k, p) = c$ $$LinearCipher(k, p_1 \oplus p_2) = LinearCipher(k, p_1) \oplus LinearCipher(k, p_2)$$ where $k$ and $p$ are 128-bits. If an attacker uses a ...
162 views

### Hash email address with a non-random salt for moderate security?

Crypto noob here. I have an application that has only moderate security requirements (internal use, limited audience). I want to send a unique url with a token in it to each user. If anyone has the ...
83 views

### Testing hash functions for collision resistance

I was hoping to implement a software that allows testing a user-defined hash function for cryptographic properties (Meant to pique interest in cryptographic hash function for a school showcase), as ...
47 views

### How many polynomials are used in Secure Multiparty Computation?

Secure Multiparty Computation based on Samir Secret sharing methods rely on Polynomials. Imagine corpus of data should be outsourced to bunch of untrusted servers for any computations. Now the data ...
92 views

### Three party coin flipping protocol with only 2 active participants

Is there a coin flipping protocol where: Alice, Bob and Carol don't trust each other, and The coin is flipped only by Alice and Bob, and The result must be trusted by all three participants.
38 views

### Encoding scalar values to points on Ed25519

I'm interested exploring key derivation and threshold signature protocol that require point arithmetic (addition) on the private scalar values and $S$ values of the signatures in ed25519. ...
31 views

### When would you use KP-ABE over CP-ABE?

When would you use KP-ABE over CP-ABE or vice versa? I started this question as I am having problems abstracting the pros and cons between KPABE and CPABE. This is not an assignment question. I have ...
87 views

### HMAC key storage for a web app?

If one is going to use an HMAC, I.E: http://php.net/manual/en/function.hash-hmac.php, where exactly are they storing the key? Without some sort of secure storage (i.e not in a local file or code), I ...
19 views

### References for combining LFSRs with different lengths and taps?

I started learning streams ciphers with the use of LFSRs. Therefore, I tried to simulate what I am learning in a C sourcecode, which combines three registers and ...
63 views

### Could eVoting on the bitcoin blockchain be done?

I'm basically a crypto noob (and not an english native), so please be indulgent :) I thought about if you could realize an eVoting system with bitcoin. I see 2 major requirements: each citizen ...
52 views

### Profile Complexity LFSR

I try to understand how Complexity of an LSFR calculated. For example I have a bit sequence 110101 and it's profile 1 1 2 2 3 3. Is there any easy way in order to produce the profile?
63 views

### Find a constant $C$ in $O(Cn^2)$?

I am writing a paper on RSA, and I am calculating some encryption running times. I have been told that the encryption running time is $O(n^2)$ where $n$ is the modulus. I have also been told that ...
29 views

### How to sign an Elliptic curve point using an ECC signature scheme

In Shnorr based ECC signature scheme, a message M is signed with the private key sk as s=sk.h(M,R)+k where R=k.P and P is a base point. If M is a point (x,y) \in E_p(a,b), how we can sign M in this ...
82 views

### Is pseudorandom function also a one-way function?

Can I assume this? Specifically, I want to know if the following two cases are valid. Suppose $prf_k(m)=c$ One-wayness: Only given $c$, we cannot reveal $m$. Without key $k$, even given $m$, cannot ...
62 views

### Private and Public Keys

I have a very basic understanding of encryption and the encapsulation process, but for the life of me I can't grasp how public keys and private keys work, how they're made, and how they're exchanged. ...
82 views

### About end to end algorithm SMS from Jo Mehmet Sollihagen Øztarman [closed]

This is a signcryption scheme from End-to-End Data Protection of SMS Messages by Jo Mehmet Sollihagen Øztarman (pdf, section 4.3.1): Public parameters C: an elliptic curve over GF(ph) with p ≥ ...
7 views

### With AES-GCM, can the encrypted and non-encrypted parts be hashed separately? [duplicate]

The hash function in AES-GCM takes encrypted and unencrypted parts. Can the two parts be provided in either order? I'm wondering whether there is any fun with $GF(2^{128})$ that can be done to ...
30 views

### Modular arithmetics in diffie-hellman

Studying the basics of Diffie-Hellman key exchange, I'm stuck at a basic operation used in the end of the key exchange (where you show that both computations actually are the same). Can someone ...