# All Questions

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### Avoiding replay attack on certified announcements

Suppose two agents A and B share a common secret and A makes a regular unique 16-byte ...
32 views

### research on Encryption for master [closed]

I'm tring to choose an way for an Encryption mothod for my research? So,I want to choose one-layer encryption or multilayer encryption,and I want it to be easy to applicable. when I search about it, ...
73 views

### Chance to find HMAC key/salt when having knowledge of the hashed data?

I'm not sure how to word this... I'm working with a HMAC (I think of it being a "salted hash"). I know the entire string being hashed, I do NOT know the salt. I also know the first 8 characters of the ...
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### Is this scheme to derive multiple keys secure?

I need a cryptographic scheme to generate a deterministic chain of private keys that look random to outside observer but can always be reconstructed from a single root key, also: Neither private ...
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### Is there a standard format for compact 56-bit DES keys?

DES keys are traditionally stored as 8-byte blobs, with only the high 7 bits of each byte being meaningful to the algorithm; the low bit of each byte is set so that the population count of the byte is ...
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### Security of this deterministic encryption scheme

I recently came across a library that promises to do deterministic encryption with the following scheme: AES with 256 bit key in CBC mode with PKCS7 padding and Synthetic Initialization vector ...
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### Help defining a shift cipher mathematically

For an assignment question, I am trying to prove formally that double encryption with two keys by the shift-cipher encryption function results in a shift cipher as well. If the Shift-cipher encryption ...
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### What is the significance of the Period of a Steam Cipher [duplicate]

If we only know the period of a Stream Cipher, let's say 150-200 bit in length, how can we use this information to attack a stream cipher? Taking a look at this link, What is the period of a cipher? ...
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### When did Kerckhoffs's principle become fully accepted in design and practice of modern ciphers?

Kerckhoffs's principle is named after a publication over 130 years old. Yet it is still something that is commonly misunderstood and challenged by newcomers to cryptography. This question from Open ...
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### What are the differences between proofs based on simulation and proofs based on games?

what are the main pros and cons of proving the "security" of a crypto scheme under simulation proofs instead of game based proofs?
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### Avoiding MITM forwarding packets [migrated]

Suppose a sender and a receiver communicate over wireless. Is there a way to prevent packets sent and received are not being repeated/forwarded by a MITM? That is, when the agents are out of range and ...
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### Blowfish and DES small block size and maximum message size

Would the following affect the maximum message size limititaion of Blowfish and DES due their small 64 bit block size? Let's take Blowfish for example. You take a 256 bit Blowfish key, quickly ...
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### Veracrypt Hash Algorithms Missing [migrated]

I was going to encrypt my system drive with Veracrypt 1.14 and when choosing the Hash Alghorithm, I noticed there were only these two available despite cipher chosen: SHA-256 RIPMED-160 So ...
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### Are there any existing ASN.1 structures for transferring symmetric keys?

Is there any reasonable ASN.1 standard to encode symmetric keys? I found PSKC, but it seems extremely heavy, and I can't quite find any library (e.g. bouncycastle) that would simplify using it. If ...
4k views

### AES Algorithm processing time in Arduino vs Raspberry Pi

The Arduino employs an 8-bit ATmega series microcontroller whereas the Raspberry Pi is based around a 32-bit ARM processor, and the Arduino is typically clocked at between 8-16MHz and with 2-8kB of ...
257 views

### Secure method for encrypting 32 byte private keys

I am using 32 byte EC private keys on the client side of a web application. These keys should be securely stored on a server database. The keys should be encrypted (AES) before being sent to the ...
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### Use of q-ary lattices in developing cryptosystems

Why q-ary lattices are used to most cryptosystems rather than lattices. In most of the papers q-ary lattices are used. Is there any advantage? and Given $$B=(v_1,v_2,v_3,.....v_n)$$ is the basis, ...
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Let's say we have Alice and Bob sharing a symmetric key $k$. Alice wants to leave a number of messages for Bob on an untrusted server (honest-but-curious model) that is also used by many other people ...
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### Number generation for Fujisaki-Okamoto commitment scheme parameters

I need to implement the Fujisaki-Okamoto commitment scheme for a project such that I can demonstrate performance of various zero-knowledge proofs in relation to one another, for example Boudot's ...
71 views

### Homomorphic Encryption vs. Garbled circuits

I'm currently trying to understand all the differences between homomorphic encryption and garbeled circuits. As I understood the use of homomorphic encryption hides either the data or the computation ...
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### Bobcat hash, trying to find a 48-bit hash collision for x

I am trying to find a collision with the Bobcat hash of the 48-bit hash. I am a beginner coder so please point out any flaws in my modification of the bobcat program. It does find a truncated 12-bit ...
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### Encrypt a message with hash function, shared symmetric key, but no cipher

I am very new to Crypto and need some clarification or input. The question is: Suppose that Alice wants to encrypt a message for Bob, where the message consists of three plaintext blocks, $P_0$, ...
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### why game based security definiton is used for ID CCA? [duplicate]

I have read many cryptographic encryption. In almost all schemes, security is defined with game based and simulation based definition. Can anybody give me the exact concept behind this game based ...
78 views

### Would it matter if my miner was hashing random vs incremental values?

I'm working on my miner for my "game" site that's basically a pre-image attack from a hash posted online. You submit a hash input, it's hashed, and your score is the hamming distance (the number of ...
198 views

### Which gives better deterministic encryption SIV or Plain ECB mode?

Lets say , if we encrypt a plain text message $msg$ with key $key$ in below two ways. Which is the below would give better deterministic encryption and why ? AES-ECB($key$ , $msg$) SIV($key$, NIL , ...
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### Elliptic curve point addition with $Z_1 = Z_2 = 1$

Elliptic curve point addition and point doubling operations using Projective and Jacobian coordinates require fewer field multiplication operations when considering $Z$ coordinates of input points ...
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### How is a public/private key pair generated from a Diffe-Hellman key exchange?

I very well understand the DH key exchange. But what is the public key and private key at the end of the exchange. For example: Alice and Bob agree to use a modulus $p = 23$ and base $g = 5$ (which ...
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### Why not use OAEP for signatures?

There seems to be a distinct lack of implementations of RSA signatures using OAEP to pad the digest. Other than the old, funky, padding schemes, it's PSS all the way. PSS seems to have the whiff of ...
232 views

### Computation indistinguishability questions

The definition I have is: Two probability ensembles $X = \{X_n\}_{n \in \mathbf{N}}$ and $X = \{Y_n\}_{n \in \mathbf{N}}$ are computationally indistinguishable if for every probabilistic ...
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### Is succinct verification of an arbitrary data transformation theoretically possible? Is it feasible? How?

Given input string S, and transformation (i.e. computer program) T, is it possible to provide a succinct proof that another binary string S' is identical to the output T(S)? By "succinct", I ...
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### Why a key pair is used in OpenSSL ECDSA_sign or ECDSA_do_sign instead of only private key ?

If the digital signature in ECC (ECDSA) is made using a private key, why is the OpenSSL library using ECKEY pair as an input parameter instead of the private key only ?
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### How can AES + cycle walking be used as an FPE?

I'm a bit confused after reading several articles that seem to provide conflicting information. Basically I was wondering if AES by itself can be used as an FPE? And if so is this something ...
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### Practical benefit of using a KDF?

I see that KDFs should be used in systems that rely on PSKs, but what practical benefit does it provide? For instance, suppose the system relies on a shared secret for AES encryption and decryption. ...
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### Extend OTP on random data?

If Alice and Bob both start with a shared OTP $P_0$, which is 256-bytes long, and Alice wants to send a 512-byte message, would it be secure to send the first 256 bytes with standard OTP (...
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### Forward-secure static-ephemeral ECDH key agreement protocol

The question is whether the following simple key agreement protocol design has good security properties, and how it can or should be improved. Assumptions Alice is a persistent entity with a static ...
85 views

### Are shorter password hashes safe?

How much can I shorten a password hash before it begins to impact security? Suppose that I use PBKDF2 (correctly salted) with HMAC-SHA256 as the PRF. From what I've seen, it's typical to use 256 ...
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### AES S-Box Affine Mapping - how to do it?

For the byte substitution layer in AES how do we determine B(i)? I follow how to use the multiplicative inverse table and using that to get B`(i), but how do I actually calculate the affine mapping? ...
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Are there any algorithms/protocols that let you produce a specific length of random tokens/bits in such a way that you can cryptographically determine which 2 or more tokens/bitstrings where produced ...
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### How does DSA provide non-repudiation in proving a document was properly displayed (not altered or displayed incorrectly)?

I am building an iOS app that allows the user to sign a document served to them by a web server. So that page of the app simply has a document in the top pane, and at the bottom pane, a place to sign ...
904 views

### Switching between AES and a highly performant algorithm

I want to de/encrypt several binary files rather frequently on a normally battery-powered device. My goal is to use AES-256 when the device is AC-powered and a highly performant algorithm when it's ...
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### Using related pair of cryptographic keys to open/seal plaintext

I am using curve25519xsalsa20poly1305/fn.seal from sodiumoxide crate written in Rust language which is a wrapper over libsodium ...
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### Lower bound of key space size with relaxed perfect secrecy

My apologies, I'm quite new to cryptography. If we relax the definition of perfect secrecy such that for cyphertext $c$, messages $m_0$ and $m_1$, and constant $E$: $P[c|m_0] \le E * P[c|m_1]$ ...
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### Generating a 30-32-bit PRP

I want to generate a small 30 or 32 bit PRP. I am going to use that PRP in an open web service and anyone will be able to get any number of plaintext-cyphertext pairs. I've found an algorithm called ...
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### El-Gamal signature with two messages

Alice uses an ElGamal signature with base the group $Z^*_{107}$ and parameter $g=3$ of order $q=53$.The private key of Alice is some $x \in \{0,1,.....,52\}$ and the public key of her is $y=10$. To ...
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### How to understand RSA Proofs of correctness at Wikipedia

From Wikipedia(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RSA_%28cryptosystem%29#Proofs_of_correctness): $m^{ed}$ ≡ $m$ $\pmod{q}$ $m^{ed}$ ≡ $m$ $\pmod{p}$ then $m^{ed}$ ≡ $m$ $\pmod{pq}$ Question: if $m^{ed}$ ...
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### In FUSE while using openssl's AES_256_CBC getting an error “digital envelope routines:EVP_DecryptFinal_ex:bad decrypt” and the filesystem crashes [migrated]

I run the filesystem with the -d flag, everything goes well, except when a read operatio is to be performed, then the filesystem crashes with the error "139701621372568:error:06065064:digital envelope ...
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### Do Curtmola et al.'s IND-CKA1/2 security definitions protect against search pattern leakage?

In the article Searchable Symmetric Encryption: Improved Definitions and Efficient Constructions, Curtmola et al. propose adaptive and non-adaptive (indistinguishability and simulator-based) security ...
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### Picking a nonce in the context of CCM (CTR with CBC-MAC) mode

After having read the RFC 3610: Counter with CBC-MAC (CCM) and the Wikipedia article on CTR mode, I'm not sure how a nonce should be picked. The RFC says: A nonce N of 15-L octets. Within the ...