# All Questions

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### Is it possible to insert a key derivation function when using EAX?

I am currently investigating use of EAX mode for a dedicated application and following useful clarifications received from my previous post , to consider according to my applicable input security ...
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### Are there Cryptography certifications variants of CISSP?

Are there Cryptography certifications variants of CISSP ( Certified Information Systems Security Professional)? Like a CISSP exams, but only for cryptography?
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### ECDH VS. DH benchmarking in JAVA

So basically my problem is the odd result i get when measuring the time it takes to generate a ECDH key in java vs. the time it takes to generate a DH key. I compare the time it takes to generate: ...
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### Real world use cases of Multi Party Computation

Most of the research papers give imaginary applications of multi party computation. Either they talk about millionare's problem or two or more corporates willing to compute some Intrustion detection ...
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### What kind of adversary is a compromised party?

Imagine multiple parties executing a secure multiparty computation protocol to evaluate a function securely. Let Alice be one of the parties who is intended to get all the partial results and combine ...
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### Resources for basics of lattice crypto [closed]

I'm looking to fill in the gaps of my knowledge of lattices. Can anyone point me towards papers or books that introduce lattice crypto assuming a fairly solid math background? Mods: Feel free to ...
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### can permutation matrix be found in parallel processing technique?

Let us say there exists a permutation matrix $n \times n$ for some large $n$. Then, there are $n!$ possible permutations. If one to use brute-force to find the secret permutation among $n!$ ...
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### What's the fundamental difference between Diffie-Hellman and RSA?

What is the difference in the purpose of DH and RSA? Aren't they both public-key encryption?
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### Are ePassports still vulnerable?

Jeroen van der Beek presented a flaw in the ePassports in 2008. What is the state of this flaw still in 2013? ...
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### Questions about the ideal cipher model

I've read that we can study the security of modes of operation by assuming the use of an ideal block cipher. I've also seen a paper suggesting that the ideal cipher model could be something else than ...
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### How much stronger is RSA-2048 compared to RSA-1024?

How much stronger is RSA-2048 compared to RSA-1024? It is hard to imagine very big numbers. So what would be your way to explain the difference to someone who doesn't know much about cryptography?
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### Why is “mod(n)” so central to most aspects of cryptography?

When I first started learning cryptography, I had my first a-ha moment when I fully appreciated the value of a One Time Pad and XOR and all the functions that attempt to emulate that OTP's randomness ...
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### What are the standard procedures in cryptanalysis to analyze unknown ciphertext?

What are the "standard procedures in cryptanalysis" to analyze unknown ciphertext? In other words: Are there any protocols, officially acknowledged checklists or something like that which represent a ...
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### Offline app authentication - embedding hashed password inside an encrypted file

I am working on an occasionally connected app. To allow the users to authenticate I created a profile which is encrypted and placed on the users machine. The first byte of the file contains the IV ...
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### P = NP and current cryptographic systems

I've recently heard some people claiming that if the fact that P = NP is proven, most (all?) the current cryptographic algorithm considered secure like RSA will be unusable in secure systems. My ...
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### How to build a secure AE scheme with generic composition?

I am actually looking for using a secure Encrypt-Then-MAC AE scheme , and consider using either an existing "ready-to-use" dedicated AEAD mode (GCM, OCB, CCM, EAX, etc ..) or an alternate composed ...
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### Rating a steganographic system using Blum Blum Shub to locate hidden bits

Currently I'm building a toy steganography system based in a web browser. Besides all the obvious issues with building a system requiring extreme privacy into a browser (this is a toy!), I was curious ...
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### How does partial key escrow work?

It is being speculated that one of the ways that NSA leaker Edward Snowden may have created his "insurance policy"--distributing sensitive documents to various individuals with instructions to ...
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### What should the size of the private exponents in Diffie-Hellman key exchange for TLS be? [duplicate]

I'm using TLS with a Diffie-Hellman key exchange to negotiate the symmetric keys. How long should the exponents be?
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### Does EAX use the same keys for encryption and authentication?

I am actually checking use of EAX AEAD mode, and following EAX spec review (scheme definition for my part), my question is: what about the derivation of the authentication and encryption keys? In the ...
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### Why are elliptic curves better than cyclic groups?

The set of points of an elliptic curve over a finite field is isomorphic to the direct product of two cyclic groups (i.e. $E(F_{p^n}) \cong Z_{s} \times Z_{t})$. What is the advantage of representing ...
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### Simple protocol for 1-out-of-2 oblivious transfer

I'm trying to explain the concept of 1-out-of-2 oblivious transfer to folks who haven't seen this idea before. I can explain what properties it provides, but it's also helpful if I can show a simple ...
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### Finding a keylength in a repeating key XOR cipher

In an old cryptography FAQ, I found the following step described for determining a the length of the key a cipher was repeatedly XORed against: Discover the length of the key by counting ...
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### What is meant by this notation in the ElGamal key generation process?

Alice chooses i) A large prime $p_A$ (say 200 to 300 digits) ii) A primitive element $\alpha_A$ modulo $p_A$, iii) A (possibly random) integer $d_A$ with $2 \le d_A \le p_A-2$. Alice ...
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### uniqueness of the RSA public modulus

What is the probability that two separate RSA public moduli are the same? For example, consider a 2048-bit modulus. The number seems to be huge, but the choice for prime factors p and q is much more ...
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### Encrypt a file once with 50 characters password or twice with 25 characters?

What better Encrypt the file once with 50 characters password or encrypt it twice each time with 25 characters password.
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### Non-malleable file encryption using AES XTS 256?

I'm looking to do file encryption of a bunch of individual files, some small, some quite large. The files will be write-once/read-many, so I could use CBC, however, since the read-access needs to ...
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### How does one attack a two-time pad (i.e. one time pad with key reuse)?

My question might appear the same as the question Taking advantage of one-time pad key reuse?, but actually I did read all the answers and none of them helped me with the details I need. I am new to ...
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### Is this any recognizable encoding or cipher? [closed]

I've been watching the Marble Hornets videos on YouTube (basically, an independent film series about a group of kids chased by the "Slender Man"), and in this video I saw something interesting. ...