# All Questions

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### What prevents continued hashing of a key from being used as a cipher when xored with plaintext? [duplicate]

This is just an idea I had while looking through some threads so take it as you will. Given a plaintext of any length and a key that a specific hash function is capable of taking as input(I mention ...
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I'm performing ElGamal encryption algorithm and using the additive homomorphic property so the product of two ciphertexts is the encryption of the sum of the plaintexts. The problem is that I need to ...
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### Offline app authentication - embedding hashed password inside an encrypted file

I am working on an occasionally connected app. To allow the users to authenticate I created a profile which is encrypted and placed on the users machine. The first byte of the file contains the IV ...
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### Is rainbow table attack applicable to any hash?

Typically when rainbow tables are discussed MD5 hash is used as an example. It's not quite clear whether this attack is specific just to MD5 or to a certain subset of hashes or to just any hash ...
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### OpenSSL AES 256-bit Key Management

I am using C and OpenSSL to encrypt files. After experimenting with the OpenSSL command line utility, it makes you enter a passphrase that can be any length, but uses that to create a 256-bit key. ...
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### Is it possible to cryptographically prove when was the last time a ciphertext was decrypted/encrypted?

I want to provide a service that encrypts and decrypts documents and I want to provide the users with proof that I haven't stolen their secret key and read their documents. I know I can prove when a ...
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### Bcrypt VS Scrypt, Again?

I found this article on SO, but the answer was short, and the subject was closed, What i don't understand, is: Which one of the two limits memory usage to avoid custom Hardware to break the password? ...
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### How to test if a number is a primitive root?

How to test if a number is a primitive root, assuming the modulus is a prime? And if not? Is it not enough if the number is relatively prime to the modulus or prime?
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### Encrypt a single file, chunk-by-chunk, each chunk using different key (AES)

Encrypt a single file, chunk-by-chunk, each chunk using different key. I am a security newbie (only took 2 security courses before) But currently I am using this encryption method for my Android ...
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### Requiring a “supervisor” key pair and a “user” key pair to decrypt multiple-recipient messages

I've been toying with some encryption scenarios recently. One of the hard ones I came across is a multi-party system. So we have Bob -- The person who sends the message (and knows it's recipients) ...
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### How to decrypt AES in CBC

i am having problems understanding how CBC works! I know that it is a chain and the IV is XORed with the PT but then what? I mean we encrypt it with key k and the result is the CT which we use for the ...
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### Is there another resource for Carter-Wegman-style message authentication?

I'm wondering if there are other resources that cover Carter-Wegman style message authentication, besides the sources themselves. Is there an online text or a book that covers their ideas? I'd ...
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### Can I make a cipher (ex: Vigenère) harder to break?

The Vigenère cipher can relatively easy be broken when the key size is small compared to the size of the message. One first finds the length of the key, and then uses frequency analysis to actually ...
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### What is the length of an RSA signature?

Is it the same as the bits of the key (So a 2048 bit system will yield a 2048 bit signature)? At most as the key? Or something else entirely?
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### Conforming Randomness To An Alphabet

Imagine that we're trying to create a function to generate a random string conforming to a user-supplied alphabet. That way, users can generate random strings with given characters. Something like: ...
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### Untraceable communication protocol

I am doing a research about secure communication protocols. I would be interested to know whether a protocol exists such that it grants that the two end-points taking part to the communication cannot ...
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### “Signing” with public key

For this question, the following caveats and assumptions hold: There exists a 2048-bit RSA key pair used exclusively for signing/verification The private key is kept completely private There exists ...
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### Replay attack prevention under strict conditions

Say I have a request-response protocol and the task to make it immune to replay attacks. The requirements are as follows: The defense mechanism cannot rely on the clocks of the parties. The defense ...
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### How to properly add ECDSA private keys?

I'm currently working on an application that requires me to add two ECDSA private keys in order to make a new private key. The result has to have the property, that its corresponding public key is the ...