# All Questions

2answers
57 views

### Clarification regarding multiple modular exponentiation

If the base is same and exponents are different, for example: $R_1=b^x\bmod{p}$; $R_2=b^y\bmod{p}$; $R_3=b^z\bmod{p}$; ($p$ is large prime (2048 bit); $x$, $y$ and $z$ - 160 bit integers)) To ...
1answer
365 views

### Knowing pre-encryption data, can we find the private key CryptoWall used?

I'm just repurposing a question already asked about Cryptolocker for CryptoWall: "If we know exact contents of some of the files prior to them being encrypted, would it be feasible to use those ...
1answer
190 views

1answer
106 views

### Decisional Diffie-Hellman: compute Legendre symbol of $g^{ab}$ from $g^a$ and $g^b$?

From https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decisional_Diffie%E2%80%93Hellman_assumption: Importantly, the DDH assumption does not hold in the multiplicative group $\mathbb {Z} _{p}^{*}$, where $p$ is ...
2answers
125 views

### Is it okay to use an HMAC of the plaintext and a (possibly distinct) key as the IV for symmetric cryptography?

I was thinking of how to create an IV for a block cipher that doesn't require stored state, and I came up with the idea of using an HMAC of the (padded) plaintext and a (possibly distinct) key as the ...
1answer
63 views

### Is (1 bit HW signal) XOR (8 bits PRNG output) sufficient for a HWRNG?

This is really a follow up question to a comment made regarding How to roll a HWRNG In the situation of whitening a hardware generated random bit stream, "XORing the two bitstreams should be fine ...
3answers
390 views

### What do numbers in a crypto algorithm stand for? Is there a convention?

What do the numbers stand for in the names of cryptographic functions, for example AES-256, RSA-1024 or ...
1answer
88 views

### Can I store the initialisation vector (IV) in the filename?

I'm encrypting a file and I'm using an initialisation vector. Given that the IV doesn't need to be a secret, is it secure if I add it to the encrypted file's name?
0answers
16 views

### Lightweight Asymmetric encryption algorithm [duplicate]

I'm an embedded systems researcher, and new in crypto field. Actually, I need to know if there are any lightweight asymmetric encryption algorithm especially from time needed for key generation. I ...
3answers
161 views

### Factorizing N to derive D [duplicate]

So I have the value of N. I have to use this value of N to find the value of D. N = 265291078722948385089717069136983657793 Now I read about RSA algos and found out that ...
1answer
68 views

### Are there AES128 keys such that first round key equals last round key?

I am looking for AES128 keys such that the last round key is exactly the first round key (which is simply the key). Any pointer to a proof that they exist or that they don't would be welcome. In the ...
1answer
6k views

### ElGamal with elliptic curves

I've searched some information on ECC, but so far I have only found Diffie-Hellman key-exchange implementations using ECC, but I don't want to exchange keys, I want to encrypt & decrypt data like ...
1answer
46 views

### Secure Multiparty Computation with Secret Output

Is there any MPC scheme that allows a function with several secret inputs to be computed, while the output can only become known to one specific party? If not, is this even possible?
2answers
190 views

1answer
51 views

### Generalization of the DL-assumption in bilinear group pair

When thinking about a pairing-based cryptographic scheme, I encountered the following problem. Let $e \colon G_1, G_2 \to G_T$ be a Type 3 pairing. Then: Given $P, zP \in G_1$ and $Q, zQ \in G_2$, ...
2answers
102 views

### RSA and difference between factors

As I understand, for RSA $n = p \cdot q$. For the key to be safe enough from getting factored, $p$ and $q$ have to be far from each other. How far do they have to be? For example, if I have two $1024$-...
1answer
76 views

### Username and Password: How does it work?

Suppose a client (Alice) goes to an HTTPS website (Bob) over TLS 1.2. Alice sends Client Hello with some random number $r_a$. Bob sends Server Hello with another random number $r_b$. Suppose they ...
4answers
3k views

### Is a Mersenne-twister cryptographically secure if I truncate the output?

I want to create an online roulette game. Is it OK if the PRNG is seeded only once, when the user starts the game, or is it recommended to re-seed sometimes during game? Maybe just seeded once a day ...
1answer
39k views

### How is SHA1 different from MD5?

On the surface, SHA1 and MD5 look pretty similar. Their diagrams include chunks of bits, bit rotation, xor and special functions. Their implementations are roughly the same length (at least the ones I'...
1answer
126 views

### textbook RSA signature scheme security

Are textbook RSA signatures secure if an Adversary does not have access to ask signing oracle queries?
2answers
140 views

### Security analysis of this one time password based scheme for copy protection

Imagine such protocol. Client and server initially share secret K[0]. When client wants to contact server she sends server K[0] and her ID. Server accepts request, and generated new random K[1] and ...
1answer
181 views

### How broken is a xor of two multiply with carry generators?

How broken is a xor of two LCGs? How Brittle Are LCG-Cracking Techniques? Based on the above two questions, I have simply one additional question: how broken is a XOR of two 64-bit multiply with ...
2answers
550 views

### Is Chaocipher a secure cipher under ciphertext-only attack?

Chaocipher was invented by John F. Byrne in 1919. The algorithm was recently revealed – see Moshe Rubin's Chaocipher Revealed, the Algorithm (PDF). While a known plaintext attack successfully finds ...
3answers
897 views

### Is there any area where AES-CBC cannot be used ? If so, why?

I would like to know the domains or specific applications where using AES-CBC is not advised due to any drawbacks like sequential encryption of AES-CBC ?
2answers
132 views

### Hash functions vs Stream Ciphers in terms of Speed

We know that it's possible to create a hash using a stream cipher (for instance, RC4 or AES in Counter Mode). As stated here: "A Pseudo Random Generator (PRG) and a hash function are both Pseudo ...
1answer
133 views

### DES: How to find the Inverse of the Initial Permutation?

I am doing a DES problem by hand and I want to know how you calculate the inverse of the initial permutation. I know what the permutation is, but how do you find it based off the given initial ...
0answers
17 views

### RSA incorrectly translates for small keys [duplicate]

I've been learning about RSA and wrote my own implementation. I don't pretend to have intuitive understanding of RSA or that I understand why it works, but I believe to have some basic understanding ...
2answers
737 views

### On AES, is a true random string enough for a key?

The string (32 ASCII characters) is entered by a human, and considered truly random. Should a key derive from this string, or it is secure to use this string as a key directly? In other words, does ...
2answers
124 views

### Data Leakage and Data Switching

I have two secret values $a$ and $b$ (i.e. they are arbitrary values). I mask them as follow: $v_1=r_1a+r_2$ $v_2=r_1(b-a)$ where $r_1$ and $r_2$ are uniformly random values. I send $v_1$ and $v_2$ ...
4answers
325 views

### Message exchange with textbook RSA

I am working on this exercise but can't work out the answer to the question b. I have solved the question (a) by decrypting the ciphertext $C = 2$ using the formula:  M = C^d \bmod n = 2^{17} \bmod ...

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