# All Questions

321 views

### DES generating the same ciphertext for different plaintexts and identical key

Is it possible to get the same output for DES while the inputs are different while using the same key? The key should not have to be a weak key. If yes could you give me a hint how to show how to do ...
120 views

### Do I have to transfer the private key to digitally sign a remote document?

I'm trying to digitally sign a document which is uploaded by a user. I want the user to sign that document using his digital signing certificate (DSC). Should I: transfer the file to the user, and ...
785 views

### How are random numbers for RSA generated? [duplicate]

The RSA public key encryption requires two very large prime numbers as part of its encryption process that serve as secrets. These are typically generated with cryptographically secure random number ...
129 views

### Is AES-GCM length extension attack possible using authenticated decryption?

I am looking to encrypt a piece of data using AES-GCM with a full 16-byte GCM Tag and send it over the network using UDP. Is it safe to assume using the AEAD nature of AES-GCM that performing ...
56 views

### Is there a way to “shorten” a Merkle chain?

If I have a Merkle chain of 3 items, is it possible to create a zero knowledge proof of the existance of a correct chain between hash 1 and hash 3? Editing to clarify (Thanks Ricky), what I mean my a ...
175 views

### secure embedded/microcontroller crypto using AES-ctr with hmac-sha2

The embedded device is a low-power 8-bit microcontroller (memory usage is constrained to about 10kb code, 1kb ram). As the device is battery-powered and manual service should be minimal, more powerful ...
98 views

### Prime Numbers in Discrete Log

I am implementing a security protocol based on discrete log. I came across the equation $p = kq + 1$. Understand that based on number theories that both $p$ and $q$ should be large enough to be ...
147 views

### Can I simulate iterated AES-ECB with other block cipher modes?

I am trying to write some code using the Web Crypto API (http://www.w3.org/TR/WebCryptoAPI/#algorithm-overview) which provides only some of the block cipher modes for AES, intentionally excluding ...
650 views

### What are the security implications of multiple hashing?

There are plenty of questions on this site about hashing passwords. However, none of them quite cover this topic. One of those links covers using multiple different hash algorithms; one covers general ...
97 views

### Isn't Groth-Sahai proof system applicable beyond Bilinear groups?

Classical paper by Groth-Sahai on NIZK proof system is titled as "Efficient Non-interactive Proof Systems for Bilinear Groups". To my understanding, only (Pairing Product Equation) PPE are defined ...
222 views

### Diffusion in Stream Cipher

The diffusion property of a cipher defined by Shannon refers to the ability of a cipher to cause a lot off bits in the cipher text to be modified, when even a single bit in the plaintext is flips. ...
379 views

### Why can't Homomorphic encryption schemes support algorithms with conditions/branching?

If it isn't already apparent from the title of my question, i should make clear that I have only a very basic understanding of homomorphic encryption. I would like to know why homomorphic encryption ...
4k views

### Why shouldn't I use ECB encryption?

I'm using Java to generate encrypted strings, and I get this warning at build time: ECB encryption mode should not be used So I'm wondering why I shouldn't use ECB and what I can use instead?
271 views

### Encryption and HMAC in a PSKC file

This is the PSKC standard https://tools.ietf.org/rfc/rfc6030.txt In Section 6.1 6.1. Encryption Based on Pre-Shared Keys They have the following ...
114 views

### Protocol composition [closed]

I have been trying to wrap my head around different definitions of protocol security (stand alone, sequential composition, parallel composition, universal composition) and how the proofs of any of ...
265 views

### Generalize the Merkle–Damgård construction for any compression function

I am trying to figure out this question: Generalize the Merkle–Damgård construction for any compression func­tion that compresses by at least one bit . You should refer to a general input ...
32 views

### AFV11 scheme simplification

I tried to implement AFV11 scheme http://eprint.iacr.org/2011/410 and faced with performance issues. In order to reduce this issue I have made some simplifications to the scheme. Does the following ...
137 views

### how to let other people respond to emails only decrypt-able with my private key

First of all I have to say it's a homework question but since I have no one to consult with, I ended up here :) Suppose a case in which you are the manager of a company and all employees encrypt ...
69 views

### Calculate number of chips to solve bit commitment using hash function

I have a problem that I don't know how to solve Assume that H is a cryptographic hash function with output size 80 bits. Assume that ABC123 is a specifically designed line of hardware chips for ...
81 views

### Which Block cipher mode should I use? [closed]

Which of the Block cipher mode is MOST secure? I dont care about the performance just the most secure
119 views

### Embedded devices Authentication, Integrity and Confidentiality

Embedded devices send messages to the server. The server occasionally sends messages to individual devices(Reboot, upgrade firmware etc) After some research this is my ad-hoc solution: 1) Each ...
82 views

### What is Initialization vector (IV) [closed]

I am not the best cryptologer and therefore I have some questions so I learn more and get better. Heres the questions: What is Initialization vector (IV)? MUST I use it or not?
107 views

### Associative but NOT Commutative Reducing Function Construction with Existing Hash Function(s)

Is it possible to construct a binary reducing function based on any existing cryptographic hash function satisfying the associative property but not the commutative property? So formally: Using an ...
890 views

### Chosen plaintext vs Chosen ciphertext

What is the difference between chosen plaintext and chosen ciphertext attack? In both of these adversary has access to paintext-ciphertext pairs.Then where lies the difference?
1k views

### Why are primes important for encryption

Why are primes so important? Why can't we just use a random number? My guess is that it's because finding a random prime require more computing power, than finding a random number. Can anybody confirm ...
99 views

### Security concern about reducing hash value using modulo operation

As stated in the title, what I am looking for is information about a "technique" that I would like to use in some of my algorithms. Sometimes I need to map a hash function's result into a range of ...
162 views

### test vectors for 3DES seem to in fact be testing DES - not 3DES

NIST SP 800-20 Appendix A has what presumably are supposed to be test vectors for 3DES except almost all of the test vectors utilize 8-byte keys and not the 24-byte keys that 3DES is supposed to have. ...
100 views

### Modular Reduction of polynomials in GF(2^m)

Hello I am having trouble understanding the algorithm implementation in hardware of the reduction process over galois fields of F(2^163) In the following process it ...
1k views

149 views

### Polynomial division hardware implementation

I am beginning the implementation of the polynomial binary division algorithm now as I understood i will be checking the MSB bit if 1 to XOR and shift the sum if 0 i will only shift. What I am not ...
162 views

### Best hash-algorithm [closed]

What is the most secure hash-algorithm. Can you also give the second best and the third best like this: 1. Test 2. test 3. TEST I dont care about the performance