# All Questions

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### Offline anonymous electronic money systems and their cryptographical base

What anonymous offline electronic money systems exist and what are they based on? I know only one currently - eCash, based on RSA blind signatures.
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### Hash or encryption function for challenge-response protocol?

Say I have an authentication protocol where the shared secret is never transmitted. The server passes a challenge to the client and the client calculates a response using an algorithm where the ...
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### Verilog simulation of Data Encryption Standard

I interested in developing DES(in verilog) for my college project.Can i get help in understanding the simulation results of DES encryption and decryption ? thanks in advance .
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### Are there reference implementations of ECQV implicit certificates?

I am interested in exploring ECC implicit certificates, specifically using the ECQV protocol. While the actual implementation would not difficult to perform using building blocks provided by most ECC ...
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### Can I prove set membership and uniqueness without revealing the element?

Assuming a publicly known set $\Psi$ with $N$ unique elements. I have a set $\Sigma=\{\sigma_1,\sigma_2,...,\sigma_m\}$ where $m\leqslant N$. I would like to publicly prove that all the elements in ...
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### implementing a cryptographic hash with a block cipher [duplicate]

How can a cryptographic hash function be implemented/created using the block cipher? I was wondering if we can use AES in cipher block chaining mode to implement it.
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### Threshold signatures vs. certificate authority+voting verification

Perhaps a silly question, but I am wondering what the advantages are of threshold signatures. Let's consider the following two signature schemes: $(t,n)$-threshold signature with a trusted dealer, ...
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### An example of Knapsack Cryptosystem cracks/attacks?

I have been studying papers on various ways to crack the knapsack cryptosystem, unfortunately the mathematics in these papers involves lattices and LLL which is over my head. The paper "New Attacks ...
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### Rotation table for 8 round DES

I'm trying to implement DES from scratch using the NIST paper and the Wikipedia article on DES. I got 16 round DES done, but I can't seem to get 8 round DES working. I figure it's because I got the ...
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### How do you distribute secret shares without knowing who to first distribute them to?

Figure 1 on page 1249 of the “Multiparty Computation Secure Against Continual Memory Leakage” paper shows $m$ committees are elected in step 1 and then later in step 3 are each given a secret share. ...
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### Hierarchical Encryption

Is there a way to setup a hierarchical encryption using public key encryption? Let's say a higher level user can decrypt messages encrypted by lower level users. Is that possible? I guess it is only ...
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### A confusion about linear span of modified de Bruijn sequence

Recently i'm reading "Cryptographically Strong de Bruijn Sequences with Large Periods" . In the section 2 2.1 Basic Denitions and Properties , property 1 says that ...
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### Rabin/RSA four possible messages?

Given this encryption method: $$f_{N,e} : Z^{*}_{N} \to QR(N)^{*};\quad f_{N,e}(x) = x ^{2e} \bmod N$$ I need to show that, for any $x_{0} \in Z^{*}_{N}$, there are four elements $x \in Z^{*}_{N}$ ...
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### Why is Lamport-Diffie secure?

Why is Lamport-Diffie secure? I note that there is a demonstration based on onewayness (in the book postquantum cryptography). But a one way function is not sufficient to ensure that it can not infer ...
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### What would make it impossible to deny that decryption of a package has taken place?

I'm part of a team designing a system where a user have to be able to read a certain package, if he has preformed an action or series of actions that makes it legal for him to do so. The tricky part ...
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### Flaw in the security definition of Stateful Length-Hiding Authenticated Encryption (sLHAE)?

In the paper On the Security of the TLS Protocol: A Systematic Analysis, the authors define the notion of a stateful length-hiding authenticated encryption scheme (sLHAE). For the purpose of this ...
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### how to truncate a PRF on n bits to PRF on t bits where t < n?

Dan Boneh's courersa lecture on format preserving encryption at 5.50 mins , talks about truncating a PRF on n bits to PRF on t bits. The approach is by appending (n-t) zeros to input t bits then ...
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### Perfect secrecy over Stirling numbers

For all $c_0\leftarrow m_0 \oplus k$ there exists a $k'$ such that $c_1 \leftarrow m_1 \oplus k'$, where $m_0 \neq m_1$ and $c_0 = c_1$. Assuming a truly random $k$, the first assignment is a ...
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### Bellovin 96' attack on IPsec ESP protocol on encryption only option

Can you explain the actual attack? Why does the attacker need to firstly send some arbitrary UDP packet? How can the attacker break the privacy between A and B? Link: The article of Bellovin I'm ...
### Are there public $p$ and $q$ numbers for use in DSA?
There are many RFC documents giving large primes to use in Diffie-Hellman. However, I couldn't find standards on the $p$ and $q$ large primes used in the DSA signature scheme. This is proving to be a ...