All Questions

102 views

What is the difference between CPA and IND-CPA?

I am writing a paper and I got comments from the reviewer that I don’t really understand. Is there any difference between a CPA (Chosen Plaintext Attack) and IND-CPA (Indistinguishability under ...
279 views

Quantum on hash

Perhaps this has been answered before. Grover's algorithm should result in a 256 bit hash being complexity 128 bits to crack. I was wondering, what if you had a 512 bit hash , and xor'd the lower 256 ...
198 views

Cryptosystems used to generate public key certificate

Where can we find the cryptosystems used to generate public key certificate? Are the cryptosystems under the signature algorithm and signature hash algorithm? Do I need to analyze the packets ...
139 views

Is it possible to create “non overlapping” RNGs?

For example, let's say I want two cryptographically strong RNGs (R1 and R2). And I want them to have the following property: R1 (resp. R2) will never generate the same random number twice. R1 (resp. ...
756 views

When do we need composite order groups for bilinear maps and when prime order?

Why we need bilinear groups of composite order? What's the special security property of the composite order group in comparison with one of prime order? To put it in another way when do we need ...
31 views

Why the group order has to be prime for pairing-based cryptography [duplicate]

I'm trying to get into pairing-based cryptography and I don't see why the group order of the group G in the pairing function e:G*G-> G_t has to be a prime number. I don't find an argument why ...
59 views

Is there an existing AE protocol with forward secrecy for embedded devices?

I'm working on an embedded device that is connected to a computer over an untrusted channel. According to my threat model I need authentication and encryption on the wire with perfect forward secrecy. ...
633 views

Safe elliptic curve point addition using projective coordinates: How do I tell if the points are the same?

I am trying to implement elliptic curve point addition in hardware for NIST p256 and p384 curves. I have noticed the following issue with the suggested NIST routines: Consider routine 2.2.7 of ...
1k views

Are any of the major asymmetric ciphers distinguishable (EG, RSA, ECC)?

Related to "Is it possible to derive the encryption method from encrypted text?". Given ciphertexts generated by any of the major asymmetric ciphers (RSA, ElGamal, ECC, etc..) can these ciphertexts ...
60 views

Is it possible to add error propagation to OTP?

What would be the recipe to add error propagation to a one time pad? I.e. if I change a single letter in the clear text message, I want the encrypted message to change starting from that letter and up ...
60 views

Has there been any research on entropy efficient information-theoretically secure PRNGs?

I have an idea for an research project, but I am first wondering if it has been researched or implemented before. I think I have a way to come up with a set of PRNG algorithms which have the ...
79 views

Encrypting a 160-bit plaintext into a 160 bit ciphertext with a 128-bit Block Cipher [closed]

So I have a kind of interesting issue. I have a field in my data store which must take exactly 160 bits of information. Some users will choose to make this data encrypted, some won't, so some of those ...
260 views

Why does Schnorr's Digital Signature scheme necessitate two prime numbers?

One of the necessary components to the Schnorr Digital Signature scheme is a pair of prime numbers $p$ and $q$ such that $q$ divides $p-1.$ However, there is never a modular inverse taken of q so why ...
115 views

Must root certificates be self signed?

Root certificates are normally self-signed. What is the reason behind that convention? I mean, one must trust the root certificate in a non cryptographic way anyhow.
62 views

Combining md5 collisions to create more collisions

Given X1 and X2 such that md5(X1) = md5(X2) and Y1 and Y2 such that md5(Y1) = md5(Y2), and knowing the following property of md5: if md5(a) = md5(b), md5(a|s) = md5(b|s) is there a way to find ...
845 views

generate RSA public key having public modulus and exponent [closed]

i want to generate an RSA public public key file using openssl (or other tools) having public modulus and exponent, so i can use it later to encrypt files i have this: ...
80 views

Which ECB ciphertext stealing scheme is this?

I am stuck with identifying ciphertext stealing method with the following properties: mode of operation is ECB; recommended padding scheme for this application is PKCS#7, but apparently it is not ...
98 views

how to get the file used to brute force any encryption method [closed]

Bitlocker as example uses AES 128 Bit encryption as default - if it was brute forced how it can be done , I mean where's the file that will be brute forced to generate the password (If I'm right that ...
40 views

PKCS#11 Sessions

I am maintaining an application that uses PKCS#11 to talk to a smartcard. Somehow a session gets generated, but i cant figure out where in the code. I am using c# and the PKCS11Interop wrapper. The ...
141 views

How to use AES correctly in BPS Format Preserving Encryption

I have several questions on using AES 128bit in the BPS format preserving encryption Which modes are acceptable? (Should the block cipher used at each round be deterministic (ECB) or probabilistic ...
74 views

Why is GCM only usable for ciphers with a 128-bit block size?

All block cipher modes of operation that I understand are generic schemes. They are not restricted by key size or block size. So why is GCM restricted to 128-bit block size?
63 views

How to generate backup key for PBKD functions?

I would like to encrypt some files using AES, Ill derive key from password using some standard PBKD function and use that as AES encryption key. My question is, if user forgets the main password, ...
71 views

Is it safe to use single-block AES for mutual authentication?

I read the question Symmetric mutual authentication with client using a derived secret and its answer which, if I'm not mistaken, assert that it should be safe to use the proposed protocol for mutual ...
69 views

Diffie-Hellman secret key choices

I'm trying to understand why the secret keys used by Alice and Bob in Diffie-Hellman are $a,b ∈ ℤ∗p$. Say $a$ is $p - 1$, wouldn't the transmitted $g^a$ be 1 mod $p$ by $FLT$? Now anytime a ...
188 views

Why does GnuPG save an array of remainders when generating prime numbers?

In looking at GPG's gen_prime() function, found within the cyphers/primegen.c file of ...
24 views

What is the process to get the n future key for DUKPT? [closed]

I need to get the n future key from my BDK and KSN.
157 views

How can cryptographic signatures be somehow linked to a physical signature?

A few days ago, I was asked to sign an online document over DocuSign as well as on SignEasy, any the signature were accepted just by a physical signature sent over email or on the app. They did not ...
44 views

Sextic twist maps to q Eigenspace of Frobenius

Let $E(p)$ be a Barretto-Naehrig elliptic curve with r-torsion and embedding degree 12 and $E'$ a sextic twist with homomorphism $\psi$. How to show, that $E'$ has a unique r-torsion group $\psi$ ...
67 views

I read this post from Ben Tasker describing how to take control of a powerline network. Since I am interested in security, I tried to do the same thing, to see if it was possible. I used Devolo ...
161 views

Is there a way to encrypt an integer within an arbitrary range?

I need an algorithm that can take an integer, an arbitrary range, a key of 16/24/32 bytes, and an initialization vector of 16 bytes(ideally), and return an integer in the same range. My latest attempt ...
485 views

Ciphertext and tag size and IV transmission with AES in GCM mode

I am completely new to using AES in GCM mode of operation, and I have not a very large background in cryptography as well. I have been playing with OpenSSL trying to encrypt and decrypt some messages. ...
36 views

Is it possbile to get same set of public and private keys twice while creating CSR ? If so where does the conflict happens !?

I'm new to cryptography and please clarify if my below assumption is wrong. Lets assume, that two different banks creating CSR and they get identical public and private key pairs of RSA. In such ...
252 views

How can a Encrypt-And-MAC scheme be insecure if the encryption is CCA secure?

I was presented with this seemingly paradoxical information, and am hoping someone can explain what I'm missing here. I have an encrypt-and-mac scheme here.If I want to transmit message m to Bob, I'd ...
73 views

Why is (gy, gx) signed in STS (station-to-station)?

My question relates to the station-to-station protocol as described in https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Station-to-Station_protocol [1] and http://cacr.uwaterloo.ca/hac/ [2] p 519. ...
103 views

PKCS#7 message content

I am using a vendor library that signs a text producing a PKCS#7 message. I'm not sure of the content of this message. Does a pkcs#7 message have to contain the signed message, the certificate, the ...
100 views

Why is the tweak length 64bit in BPS FPE algorithm?

In the algorithm for BPS Format Preserving Encryption Is this tweak always the same length (64bit)? Why did they choose the length 64bit for the tweak?
123 views

Need some understanding on RSA public key exponent

I am new in cryptography domain and try to build some understanding on RSA key pair generation. My doubt is on RSA public key exponent value . Can exponent be any value (prime or non prime numbers)? ...
913 views

Encryption algorithm that produces dummy output on incorrect passwords

Background: I've been thinking about using encryption in the context of backing up files to untrusted locations (to the point of making the file publicly and widely distributed for practically ...
58 views

Paillier cryptosystem, small integers and range of values

First, this a different take on my previous question: Pailler encryption of small integers to 32-bit integers I have to encode small integers (range 0-50) using the Paillier cryptosystem. Those ...
151 views

Proving security of TLS handshake with ProVerif

Background For my dissertation I am working on an application protocol for which I require a TLS session. I am looking to achieve Perfect Forward Secrecy, which means I have selected ephemeral ...
179 views

How does the Efficient Fully Homomorphic Encryption from (Standard) LWE work?

I am interesting to learn the low level implementation of Efficient Fully Homomorphic Encryption from (Standard) LWE and I am wondering if anyone can answer the following questions: Does the BV ...
34 views

What are the number of output bits of the internal function F used in BPS algorithm?

In the BPS specification document it says We denote by f the number of output bits of the internal function F What is this if the internal function is AES? Would it be the block size (e.g. 128)? ...
408 views

Timing Attack on RSA

So far I have researched on timing attack on RSA, We all know the ransomware named Cryptolocker it uses RSA 2048 bit encryption. Now is it possible to break the encryption using timing attack. I have ...
92 views

Do ECDH and ECDSA combined solution provide an authenticated protocol exchange solution in MCU environment?

I'm working on a project in MCU (micro controller) environment with GPRS connection to exchange data securely with the cloud. The encryption algorithm has been selected to use AES. I did some search ...
97 views

Define “cryptographer”

I often encounter the phrase "I am not a cryptographer". Is there a generally accepted definition for who is a cryptographer? What qualifications would be expected? For instance, should that person ...
65 views

TLS_PSK and perfect forward secrecy

My question is about how difficult is for someone having compromised the PSK and sniff all (DT)LS handshake, (so getting the NONCE), to get the encryption keys? I understand : getting the pre-master ...
249 views

Encryption Algorithms in Verilog code

Can we implement Encryption Algorithms like RC4,AES and DES in Verilog? if no what are the limitations?
103 views

Is this client-side password hash scheme secure?

I want to build an app that uses client-side encryption for storing encrypted data on the server. A user-specific master key would be used, so to easily share it between devices a encrypted version of ...