# All Questions

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In this paper on pg. 1241 the authors discuss bullet point on Adaptive Zero-Knowledge : I am new to Zero-Knowledge and I am having trouble understanding what they are saying. I think they are ...
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### applying HKDF at both the client and the server

I have two keys (K1 and K2) at both the client and the server. I hope to use HKDF in both client and server side to concatenate the keys. I will use the same salt value at both the client ad the ...
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### Example of CL PKC

I am trying to solve the example of algorithms of Certificateless Signature by manually and solving the mathematics of Algorithms but not succeed while doing mathematical calculations. Please ...
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### Asymptotic Hash Function and Concrete Hash Function

I'm reading Collision-Resistant Hashing: Towards Making UOWHFs Practical, and they say that its formalization is non-asymptotic. Why is the formalization non-asymptotic? What is an example of hash ...
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### What is the difference between a bijective random oracle and a random permutation?

Assume $S$ be a finite set $O$ be a random oracle from $S$ to $S$, such that $O$ is bijective $f$ be a random permutation of $S$ Is there any difference between $O$ and $f$? Does it makes any ...
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### Is it possible to decrypt an RSA ciphertext with only $N$ and $e$?

Is it possible to perform RSA decryption if one only knows $N$ and $e$? Failing that, what is the maximum key length where brute-force is still practically feasible?
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### Is CBC mode encryption vulnerable to a reordering attack?

I know that, if CBC-MAC is used in such a way that the tag is the concatenation of all the blocks' outputs (and not just the last one), it's insecure under CPA for the simplest case of 2 blocks ...
184 views

### Why can we always assume that $Gen$ algorithm choose key uniformly?

Talking about a (symmetric) encryption scheme $\Pi=(Gen,Enc,Dec)$ where $Gen$ take the security parameter $n$ as input and generates a key $k$ of length $n$. Generally speaking we say that $Gen$ ...
199 views

### Why not just generate random strings for one-time password (OTP)?

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/One-time_password#How_OTPs_are_generated_and_distributed Why have so many methods to generate OTPs, why not just use just random strings?
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### Secure function evaluation

Consider 3 parties, Alice, Bob and Charlie. Suppose each party has a bit as input, i.e. Alice, Bob and Charlie hold $a, b, c \in \{0, 1\}$ respectively. Show how construct a scheme with which ...
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### hybrid PKE scheme CCA2 insecurity

I'm reading a paper here say: As we know, in hybrid PKE schemes XOR alone cannot perfectly hide challenge bit to the CCA2 adversary The author does not define hybrid PKE schemes. What is ...
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### Why does the crypto_box functionality in NaCl library exposes the nonce to the programmer

The idea of crypto_box API in NaCl library is to shield the programmer away from the technical details and provide an easy to use functions for encrypting and encrypting messages. Given what I've ...
466 views

### Has threefish successfully been attacked (practically or theoretically)?

Reading Schneier's "The Doghouse: Crypteto" dated September 30, 2009, I noticed Bruce Schneier stating: Threefish, the block cipher inside Skein, encrypts data at 7.6 clock cycles/byte with a ...
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### Is the following aggregation scheme private?

Is the following scheme private? By private i mean an untrusted aggregator (UA) cannot reveal anything other then an aggregate function output on plaintext data Each party holds a secret key $k_i$ ...
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### PPT eavesdroper able to output $m_{0}$ and $m_{1}$ of different lengths

I've read the following two questions and their answers: Messages of different lengths and one-time computationally-secret Why is a non fixed-length encryption scheme worse than a fixed-length one? ...
170 views

### Bellovin 96' attack on IPsec ESP protocol on encryption only option

Can you explain the actual attack? Why does the attacker need to firstly send some arbitrary UDP packet? How can the attacker break the privacy between A and B? Link: The article of Bellovin I'm ...
68 views

### Why send a challenge with CHAP?

I have been reading about the Challenge-Handshake authentication Protocol (aka CHAP). Why send a challenge to the user and ask them to hash that challenge with the symmetric key and send that hash ...
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### Can we build authenticated encryption using Feistel Networks?

Most of the encryption modes of Feistel Networks especially the ones used to build fixed length block ciphers just provide confidentiality . Can we build authenticated encryption using Feistel ...
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### Any historical accounts of cryptanalysis of Jefferson's wheel cipher?

David Kahn in his book "The Codebreakers" wrote about Jefferson's wheel cipher, saying that To this day the Navy uses it… (the book was first published in 1967) Are there any historical accounts ...
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### Avalanche effect in DES

I couldn't understand the avalanche effect in DES. Could someone explain how avalanche effect happens in DES
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### use the same pad reversed

Suppose I have a random number (eg 625 467 921). I use it once to encrypt a message OTP style, and when I want to use them again, I reverse them (eg to ...
107 views

### Efficient parameters for group Diffie-Hellman

I want to implement a basic version of Diffie-Hellman key agreement for groups. So, my key is $K=g^{abc} \mod p$. Following this, the parameters I would need to transfer would be $K_a = g^{bc}$ etc. ...
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### Biometric authentication [closed]

I see in some “Authentication schemes with biometric” papers that those authors wrote a phase as password and biometric update phase. My question is that why we may needs biometric update phase? Is ...
925 views

### What happens when a root CA has its private key compromised?

What happens when a root CA has its private key compromised? Then all children in the tree are compromised too? And then all certificates are compromised? What needs to happen then? Related: - How ...
337 views

### Can you break a multi language code using Frequency analysis?

Let say that I wrote a 26 letter alphabet, each letter of my alphabet represent a letter from the latin alphabet. I'm writing in 3 languages, only I know which languages. Grammar is the one from my ...
582 views

### Homomorphic (encrypted) comparison to an integer

When working with an additive homomorphic encryption scheme (say Pallier's), is there an efficient way to get the encrypted value of a comparison test to an integer value (I realise that an ...
565 views

### With a true random number generator at hand, how to implement one-time pad?

I have a Raspberry Pi single-board computer that happened to have an hardware true random number generator, based on some quantum effects on the processor silicon, baked into its BCM2835 chip and I ...