# All Questions

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### Explanation of the Fiat-Shamir heuristic

The Wikipedia page on the topic (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiat%E2%80%93Shamir_heuristic) is completely useless as it only explains what it is and not how it works. I looked at the original paper ...
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### Fermats Little Theorem, primitive root [closed]

So I am studying for finals and I am not able to solve the problem: Let $p = 3 * 2^{11484018}- 1$ be a prime with 3457035 digits. Find a positive integer $x$ so that $2^x\equiv 3\pmod p$ Any ...
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### I don't care about replay attacks. What should I do with the nonce in nacl?

My system forwards encrypted and/or signed messages on a gossip network. Replay is part of the design. What should I do with the nonce? I'm tempted to just set it to the same number always. Is this a ...
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### How exactly is the output of the XOR step in PBKDF2 used?

I'm attempting to diagram PBKDF2 for a school project and I'm not 100% sure how to represent the XOR step. Specifically, I'm confused as to whether the output of the XOR step is used in subsequent ...
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### Is double hashing collision resistant?

Double hashing can surely provide more security than only one layer of hashing but does that necessarily mean it is more collision resistant? This question in a more mathematical form: If $H$ is a ...
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### Using the same symmetric key in both directions?

A simple symmetric encryption scheme uses the same key, derived from a password, for both directions of the communication. Is this bad practice, and if so what should be done about it? Is it 'good ...
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### Repeating something encrypted and non-encrypted?

If one wants to keep the receiver's name non encrypted, but it also appears in the encrypted message - will it leak information? (other than the receiver's name, of course.) Let's assume a "bad" case ...
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### Find LFSR with Berlekamp-Massey algorithm?

in the paper "A Compact Rijndael Hardware Architecture with S-Box Optimization" (http://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007%2F3-540-45682-1_15) at page 6 figure 3, i think they constructed a LFSR for ...
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### Find generator for irreducible polynomial over binary field

I read this tutorial and I have following question. How they assume that generator: g = (0010) is correct for this polynomial and how to choose the best generator from all for the field.
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### Creating serial key generator using ECDSA, how to get signature short enough?

I've written some questions in this stackoverflow and got great responses but now I'm trying to wrap it all together. I have for the last couple of weeks been building a serial key generator project ...
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### practical use of homomorphic encryption

Are RSA and Elgamal partially homomorphic techniques? which one is better if one want to use it for practical purpose? and is there some FHE technique which can be used practically?
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### Reversing a Psuedo Crytographic Hash [closed]

I'm trying to get a better understanding of cryptographic hashing. Take the example transformation function below, is it possible to reverse this formula to solve/isolate for message[i]? ...
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### Does Ed25519 support cryptographic threshold signatures?

This is a loaded question so I'll list the concerns, not all of which need to be satisfied. Does there exist a threshold-signature scheme for Ed25519 that... Does not require a trusted dealer to ...
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### Definition of “pepper” in hash functions

I am confused about the notion of "pepper" in the context of storing hashes of users' passwords. Definition 1: A pepper is a secret key Looking around the Internet, for example here or here, a ...