# All Questions

126 views

### Detecting steganography in the stream of short messages

I have stream of millions of short n-bit (n<30) messages generated by some random number generator. The source of random number generator is not available to me. I suspect there are messages used ...
318 views

I know about PBKDF2, bcrypt, scrypt, etc. and while I'm not a crypt professional, I think I understand why are they better than just "hash(pass+salt)". But a colleague of mine surprised me with the ...
125 views

### What RC4 key value will completely invert $S$ after initial permutation?

What RC4 key value will completely invert $S$ after the initial permutation, so that $S[0] = 255, S[1] = 254, …, S[254] = 1, S[255] = 0$?
58 views

### How to generate initial vectors during DPA attack on stream cipher in real life?

I was trying to understand the procedure of the DPA attack on Stream cipher (like Mickey-128). I learned that, the attacker need to build hypothetical power consumption matrix with different initial ...
96 views

### Attacking hashed password by timing attack and other means

This question is inspired by this recent one, which raises a point that need to be made quantitative to be meaningfully discussed. I chose an unusual approach: a new question worded as homework that ...
161 views

### Is ed25519 a “hash signature”

Writing my last question, I saw the hash-signature tag. I tried to research it best I could, but I'm simply overwhelmed in this field. I don't think it means to simply hash data before signing, but ...
248 views

### Decode message $m = p * q$, where $p ^ 5 \bmod N$, $q ^ 5 \bmod N$ and $N$ are known

I been going through some cryptography exercises and stumbled across this problem. Discover message $m$. You know that $m = p * q$. Also $p ^ 5 \bmod N$, $q ^ 5 \bmod N$ and $N$ are known ...
132 views

### Storing password or derived key in keychain?

Currently I am developing an application that stores and reads encrypted data. The data is encrypted with AES and the actual AES key is derived from the users password (and some nonce) with PBKDF2 ...
75 views

### $f : \mathbb{Z}_n \rightarrow \mathbb{Z}^\times_n$?

Is there any function $f : \mathbb{Z}_n \rightarrow \mathbb{Z}^\times_n$ that is invertible? By invertible, I mean it given $y \in \mathbb{Z}^\times_n$, it should be easy to find $x \in \mathbb{Z}_n$ ...
120 views

### Sextic twist optimization of BN pairing - cubic root extraction required?

I found the following paper really interesting: http://www.researchgate.net/publication/220378229_A_family_of_implementation-friendly_BN_elliptic_curves/file/79e4150b3a773beecd.pdf It allows ...
1k views

### Using ECDSA keys for encryption

I know that ECDSA is used for signature only, but I wonder if I can use the public/private Elliptic Curve keys for encryption too. I have ECDSA SSH public keys and I wonder if I can use them to ...
369 views

### Find out which keying option is being used in Triple DES?

As far as I know, there are three standard options for the three keys $K_1$, $K_2$ and $K_3$ used by 3DES: Three distinct keys. The first and last key are equal: $K_1$ = $K_3$. Three equal keys: ...
80 views

### How has the “power” of cryptography evolved from its beginnings till today? [closed]

I'm looking for a historical overview for the change in cryptographic power, which I hereby define as How far state-of-the-art cryptography is ahead of state-of-the-art cryptanalysis. In other ...
818 views

### Digital Signature using symmetric key cryptography

Generally digital signature is a public key cryptography concept.But it needs high overhead. So is there any publication or link available where 'digital signature using symmetric key' has been ...
348 views

My question is related to PBKDF2. I am unsure how to validate user entered password with already existing hashes and salts. I have heard of the so called "length-constant" comparison which basically ...
880 views

### AES CBC Security

I am building an Apache webserver with TLS 1.2 and OpenSSL 1.0.1. So far, I have enabled 2 encryption algorithms - ECDHE AES256 GCM and ECHDE AES128 GCM. Firefox and Chrome(ium) use NSS which ...
253 views

### Timing Attack on RSA

So far I have researched on timing attack on RSA, We all know the ransomware named Cryptolocker it uses RSA 2048 bit encryption. Now is it possible to break the encryption using timing attack. I have ...
527 views

### Burmester-Desmedt (BD) key agreement protocols

How do you perform the Burmester-Desmedt key exchange Protocol, in Diffie-Hellman extension protocol? I've been searching high and low, but couldn't locate an example on how to prove if all the party ...
221 views

### PRP, PRF and modular arithmetic

Are there any arithmetic or mathematical functions that can be used as PRPs or PRFs ? Since, Conventional block ciphers like AES are that are proven to be good PRPs are not based on mathematics but ...
128 views

### Standard or guidance for entropy collection

I need to write some high-level security requirements which include a random number generator suitable for use in cryptography. I don't need something very formal, this isn't a security certification ...
1k views

### Why do we use XTS over CTR for disk encryption?

I'm taking Prof. Boneh's crypto class from Coursera, and am unsure on the requirement for XTS mode for disk encryption. It seems that CTR mode would do exactly what XTS can do, but is simpler to ...
100 views

### Prove that two MACs with incremendal PRF application are not secure

How do I prove the following MACs are insecure?                                                        1                                                                                   2
571 views

### How is LUKS dm-crypt secure if the key is stored with the encrypted data?

I've posted this question over at superuser, but haven't had any success at getting answers. That's why I've posted it here. Furthermore, I believe this is a more appropriate place for it as it is ...
114 views

### Is script execution time a decent source of pseudorandom number generation?

This is for a PHP script for password generation. Naturally there are other things being calculated before the password is generated. But I figure the time it takes for the script to initialize and ...
159 views

### Compared to GCM or XTS modes, how secure is H xor R1, E (R2, R1, Message) for confidentiality and integrity?

Let R1 and R2 be (32 byte) random values, and let a H = Hash (R1, R2, Message) be of the same length as each R value. Provided E (R2, R1, Message) is operating in some chaining mode, are there any ...
145 views

### Does Runge phenomenon affect Shamir's secret sharing scheme?

Lagrange interpolation seems to be affected by the so-called Runge phenomenon when one tries to interpolate polynomials of high degree from a set of equidistant points. Lagrange interpolation is ...
361 views

### Seed / reseed DRBG too often?

There are limits to how much you can use a the DRBG before you have to reseed it, but are there any limits to how much you must use it before reseeding? Take the following scenarios as an example… ...
91 views

### What informal indicators exist for estimating the computational infeasibility of cryptographic problems?

When assuming a block cipher primitive is secure, or a number theoretic problem is hard, this assumption is usually based on how far we are from breaking the primitive or solving the problem using ...
105 views

### Practical usage of S/KEY

The One-Time-Password (OTP) topic became quite popular in the recent years. But unlike the well-known HOTP and TOTP standards I haven't heard about any applications/systems implementing and using the ...
263 views

Are there any "good" ways to get a permutation from a password/pass-phrase? If one, for example, wanted to get a permutation of letters from a password, how might one do that in a smart way? I would ...
2k views

### Analogue encryption algorithms

I have a basic understanding of how strong encryption works on digital data. Bits can be changed so that they appear completely random and map one-to-one back to the original set, given the correct ...
83 views

### Shamir's ID based signatures - Notation issues

I am currently implementing Shamir's ID Based signature scheme as defined in the original paper. The sign and verify operation are defined as follows: Sign: $s = g * r^{f(t,m)} (\mod n)$ ...
354 views

### Hashing SHA-512 1000 times

SageMathCloud security (http://goo.gl/dCujW1) is as follows: Only the hash of your password is stored by the server, which uses 1000 iterations of the sha-512 hash function, with a salt length of ...
106 views

### How much plainext could be known without reducting security of RSA?

It is known, for example, that exposing 50% of most significant bits of RSA private exponent does not provide security risk (when a small public exponent it used). So how to qualify security ...
143 views

### Which gives better deterministic encryption SIV or Plain ECB mode?

Lets say , if we encrypt a plain text message $msg$ with key $key$ in below two ways. Which is the below would give better deterministic encryption and why ? AES-ECB($key$ , $msg$) SIV($key$, NIL , ...
225 views

### Is use of pre-shared key for sharing session key in symmetric key cryptography vulnerable to MITM?

Consider the following protocol: ...
74 views

### Necessity of changing $p$ and $q$ when your private key is exposed?

Suppose your private key $d_1$ has been exposed. Instead of changing $p$ and $q$, instead you just choose a new public and private key (say $e_2$ and $d_2$) and use these instead. What kinds of ...
126 views

### Homomorphic crypto allowing anonymous yes/no votes?

I'd need a crypto system allowing online yes/no votes but without revealing who voted what. Is a "partial" homomorphic crypto system what I'm after? Would, for example, Damgard-Jurik work in my case? ...
252 views

### Is it possible to tweak AES-GCM so that it is satisfactory for whole-disk encryption (like XTS mode)?

Is it possible to leverage a preexisting implementation of AES-GCM to provide the key security benefits essential for full-disk encryption (similar to AES-XTS)? GCM is a popular encryption mode ...
158 views

### How does converting character set affect hash entropy?

Does mapping a large character-set hash onto a small character-set hash lower entropy for a fixed size substring? I'm writing a python app that involves generating passwords for websites. During the ...
125 views

### What makes LSBit steganography detectable? And what would help in concealing it?

In a project of mine I took a 24-bit bitmap image and I performed LSBit steganography over it (saved a black and white image inside each of the planes R, G, B) using pixel shuffling and xor ...
96 views

### Secrete message sharing using N private keys

I'm looking for an encryption scheme that could possibly meet the following requirements. Let, $X = plaintext$ $M = (pub, priv)$, where $priv == (Ky + Kz)$ Given ...
169 views

### Non-interactive Zero-knowledge proof signature validation without public key

I'm looking for a method for a scenario with following requirements: At least 3 people (A,B,C,...) are in a Network where they can broadcast messages to everyone but not communicate with a specific ...
428 views

### Exercise: Attack on a Two-Round DES Cipher

Working through the exercises in Cryptography Engineering (Schneier, Ferguson & Kohno) I have stalled on the following exercise: Consider a new block cipher, DES2, that consists only of two ...
38 views

Let $g$ be a group generator of prime order $q$. Suppose we are given two elements $g^y$ and $x_1$. Can we find out if $y=x_1+x_2$ for some $x_2$? Thanks
203 views

### Digital signatures under plain RSA

Show that digital signatures under plain RSA are insecure (Plain RSA means that signing is done by calculating $m^d\bmod n$, with $0\le m<n$, and no padding or hashing of $m$). Write an algorithm ...
182 views

### Is it necessary to use single hash function for signature generation and HMAC?

I am trying to figure out if we need to use single hash function across all the places in a ssh session. i.e – signature generation/verification and HMAC calculation/validation. Is it possible to use ...
203 views

### Partially-known-plaintext attack of a stream cipher based on modular arithmetic

I have a function called $F$, using modular arithmetic as does RSA, defined as $$x\mapsto F(x) = g^x\bmod p$$ where $p$ is a 1024-bit prime and $g$ is a generator of $\mathbb Z_p^*$. A secret key $r$ ...
Multi-prime RSA is now a well known technique: it uses $k>2$ distinct secret prime factors in the public RSA modulus, with the advantage that, using the CRT, we can gain a speed boost in ...