# All Questions

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### How is the curve equation used in ECC?

I have a hard time learning exactly how the elliptic curve equation is used in the ECC. $$y^2 = x^3+ax+b$$ If someone knows and could explain to me in simple steps how this is done or a link to it ...
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### distribution for a subset of md5

I need to uniquely assign a 32 bit integer to a collection of human readable strings (i.e. they will not be generated with hash collision in mind). I don't expect more than a few thousand strings. I ...
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### Is this an acceptable implementation of ARC4 encryption for my system?

I am building an open source hardware system that will be used to control things over the internet. The system consists of a Base Station and Modules which use wireless communication at 2.4GHz to ...
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I'm looking to do some research into how RSA is used in the wild. I've read through a few papers and it seems other researchers have had no trouble collecting millions of keys to perform analysis on. ...
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### Reseeding a PRNG with the generated PRN

Would reseeding a PRNG with the PRN from the previous generation have any effects whatsoever on the quality of the generated numbers; if so, does this depend on the PRNG used, or are the effects ...
319 views

### Attack of an RSA signature scheme using PKCS#1 v1.5 encryption padding

My best interpretation of this question is that Java's crypto API has been subverted to perform RSA signature using PKCS#1 v1.5 encryption padding. Assume the signature $S$ of a message $M$ is ...
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### Why should a signature use PSS padding in RSA?

Suppose I send a message using AES (private keys already negotiated securely) and I send a hash of this message using RSA (encrypted with private key) with OAEP to verify the authenticity and ...
265 views

### Find out which keying option is being used in Triple DES?

As far as I know, there are three standard options for the three keys $K_1$, $K_2$ and $K_3$ used by 3DES: Three distinct keys. The first and last key are equal: $K_1$ = $K_3$. Three equal keys: ...
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### One-way function and uninvertible function [closed]

How can I prove the following: If $f$ is a one-way function, then it is an uninvertible function?
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### Predicting Java's PRNG using partial output

I have a program (a game) that uses Java's nextInt function with parameter 0x10000 to get a random 16-bit number. Java's ...
138 views

### Shamir Secret Sharing Modular Reduction

Say players use Shamir's secret sharing to share a value $k$ such that each player now holds $k_i$, a share of $k$. How can they securely compute $k \bmod m$ for some $m$. Of course they can ...
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### Efficiently computing the neutral element in a ring isomorphic to Z/NZ?

Edited to clarify question So my question is whether anyone knows of an efficient way to compute the neutral element (I'm gonna call it 1, but the operation doesn't have to be multiplication) in an ...
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### Digicipher and other proprietary systems?

I've always been curious as to how Pay-TV and other Conditional Access systems actually stay secure for any amount of time, given that they are usually one way and (I'm assuming) use symmetric keys ...
121 views

### How to ensure that a “received value” is not altered?

I have a program (whereby people can download and run on their own computers) that will calculate a couple of unknown values each day. For simplicity sake, let's assume that the calculation is simply ...
168 views

### RSA key length choice for TLS when confidentiality not important?

I've a couple of questions about this, the scenario is embedding a key pair in a hardware device which will speak with other hardware devices over tls. computing resources are an issue so i want to ...
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### Proof of shared secret through key derivation

Alice gives a random key $K$ (e.g. 32 bytes long) to Bob through a secure channel. Bob want to prove to Alice through an unsecured channel that he knows the key. Is it secure for Bob to send ...
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### Is using Ed25519 parameters in ECDSA safe?

I recently discovered the Curve25519 key exchange lib and the Ed25519 signature lib. Due to the speculations about NIST-designed curves, there is a chance that I ditch them and use the curves above ...
171 views

### NP complete problems related to permutations of binary vectors or block ciphers

Recently, T.Gowers wrote a blog entry called "How not to prove that P is not equal to NP" about the Razborov/Rudich Natural Proofs paper. He has a construction where he talks about compositions of ...
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### what are the uses of tweaks in block ciphers?

Few block cipher modes has additional parameter , tweaks , especially the ones that are format preserving . Now the comments section of this blog entry says such tweaks can be used for BIN numbers, ...
336 views

### How do TLS 1.1 and 1.2 generate IVs (initialization vectors) for each record?

According to RFC 4346 Explicit IVs [CBCATT] describes a chosen plaintext attack on TLS that depends on knowing the IV for a record. Previous versions of TLS [TLS1.0] used the CBC ...
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### how much trust can we place in protocol verifiers? [closed]

I read many papers on authenticated key exchange protocols, and most security proofs are done by the authors. In this method, you can imagine that the efficiency is low. Moreover, even if you have ...
281 views

### Does ElGamal Encryption create a different key for each block sent?

I ask about ElGamal algorithm. Is ElGamal algorithm used new key for each encryption process. in other word it should we use new key for each chunk? For example, if we have message that has four block ...
106 views

### Reversing N CRC steps

Starting from a known CRC result(let's call it CRC1), could I undo the CRC operations for last N bits, so I could obtain the CRC (let's call it CRC2) of the message sequence without the last N bits. ...
214 views

### Elliptic curve cryptography attack vector

I would expect a complicated answer for what seems like a simple question about Elliptic curve cryptography. I've read several entries here such as "Elliptic curve cryptography related key attacks" ...
289 views

### Generate key pair deterministically from a particular seed [duplicate]

I've been reading "SQRL Secure QR Login" at Gibson's website, and I'm wondering if there is a way to generate an RSA private/public key-pair based on some cryptographically secure input, so that if ...
234 views

### How much does a successful Distinguishing Attack “break” the attacked stream cipher?

I started reading about the most recent cryptanalysis of RC4 and it's variants. One of the papers I just finished reading ("Two Linear Distinguishing Attacks on VMPC and RC4A and Weakness of RC4 ...
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### Using Whirlpool hashing function to encrypt data

I've read that the Whirlpool hash function can produce footprints that could be used as a pseudorandom generator. Is it "OK" to use it to encrypt some data using something like the following? ...
291 views

### Can I use SHA1 as license key?

I have recently started looking into creating secure, while not validating against an external server, software product keys. The idea I have had is to create a key consisting of two parts firstly a ...