# All Questions

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### Which MAC scheme is quantum resistant?

will HMAC survive Grover algorithm ? if not then which MAC scheme provide post-quantum security ?
419 views

### Can two rc4 encoded messages be XORed and decrypted if encrypted with the same key?

If I have the following: E1 = RC4(M1, K); E2 = RC4(M2, K); If two different messages M1 and M2 are encrypted with the same key, K, can the key be recovered by ...
216 views

### It is reasonably safe to leave a SSH private key with a 30+ character passphrase public?

I'm curious about exploring uses for a distributing a single RSA private key with a passphrase instead of trying to secure the private key and distribute the public key. With the private key (and ...
311 views

### What does the expression $1^n$ mean as a function argument?

In a paper about predicate encryption or attribute based encryption, the setup function is mentioned with the $setup(1^n)$ or $setup(1^l)$. I want to know what is meant here. Is it multiples of ones ...
560 views

### Why are RSA key sizes almost always a power of two?

I know that other bit sizes are possible, e.g. this HTTPS server seems to have a 9000 bit key https://www.ssllabs.com/ssltest/analyze.html?d=qqq.gg, but it's very rare that one sees a key not of size ...
488 views

### one-time pad key related attack [duplicate]

In one-time pads we always say do not use same key twice to encrypt ASCII messages, but if we use a random key to XOR a random ...
113 views

### How can two UProve token holders prove to a 3rd party that they aren't the same user?

Suppose I have two users who are issued two different UProve IDs. The Issuer has guaranteed that one UProve token bearer will never have more than one UProve token ID. How can I use UProve to ...
246 views

### How do I unpack the x and y values from the BITSTRING in a DER ECDSA public key?

In ASN.1, the X and Y values for a 256-bit elliptic curve key are stored as a single 66-byte ASN.1 BITSTRING. Are the values just the first and second half of this bitstring? The private key is an ...
818 views

### How to choose between AES-CCM and AES-GCM for storage volume encryption

We are using the encryption built into Solaris 11 ZFS, which offers the choice between CCM (CBC counter mode) and GCM (Galois counter mode). What are the pros and cons of choosing each of these cipher ...
110 views

### Potential vulnerability in DH key selection - am I understanding this right?

I'm reading through a DH implementation, and I think I found a potential hole. Public $p$ and $g$ values are properly selected. A candidate secret value $\bar a$ is pseudo-randomly selected such ...
160 views

### How to design a practical and secure MAC scheme?

I am sorry, but I need to introduce some concepts which are not directly related to cryptography to make myself clear, I hope I won't stun you with this ... (I'd rather explain it here than redirect ...
271 views

### Is SpookyHash vulnerable to HashDoS?

Aumasson, Bernstein and Bosslet did an excellent job demonstrating fatal weaknesses in MurmurHash and CityHash, but what about SpookyHash? My first uneducated guess is that it would be much harder to ...
266 views

### Alice trusts Bob only when Bob trusts Alice

some story first: Alice and Bob both have public/private key pairs. Now Bob wants Alice to sign his public key id. Alice agrees but only when Bob signs the public key id of her. Is this something ...
253 views

### Assymetric password encryption - Viable? Which algorithm?

We have an application that requires cleartext passwords for user authentication because of the authentication mechanism in use (RADIUS/CHAP), which unfortunately we cannot change. Since we don't want ...
341 views

### Is it feasible to break Diffie-Hellman key exchange when the implementation uses a poor-quality PRNG?

I've come across an implementation of DH in Java that uses the Random class to generate the secret integer value $a$, as shown in in Wikipedia's description of the ...
447 views

### Is this hand cipher any more secure than the Vigenère cipher?

I know that inventing one's one crypto always sucks, but the problem is that hand ciphers are usually very insecure very slow. This is an attempt to make a relatively secure, keyable, and ...
75 views

### AES ENCRYPTION ALGORITHM [closed]

What is the amount of decrease in the probability of decrypting a data encrypted using an AES algorithm? (That is by introducing each round out of ten whole rounds, how the probability of decryption ...
756 views

### What is the probability of breaking the AES algorithm?

I am doing a project which requires the encryption to be done using AES. Is it really possible (technically) to crack AES? If yes, please tell me: What is the probability of breaking AES? How ...
150 views

### How to use HMAC for large ciphertexts over TLS

HMAC used to secure chosen cipher-text attacks. if we are encrypting a large file (video) and sending it over TLS for decryption, how server can check MAC for ciphertext when we didn't sent whole of ...
133 views

### which asymmetric cipher provide highest performance?

to get highest performance Which asymmetric cipher provide fastest encryption/decryption ? ECC or DH ? what key size is recommended today ?
164 views

### Solving hard problems in $\mathbb Z_{p}^{*}$ when $\mathbb p$ is close to $\mathbb 2^{n}$

Suppose, for some security parameter $n$ you choose a prime $p$ such that $p = 2^n+c$ for some relatively small $|c| < 2^m << 2^n$. I have seen such primes being called Pseudo-Mersenne Primes ...
2k views

### Where can I begin to study the math behind modern cryptography?

I've been studying crypto for almost a year now, implementing algorithms, reading books, studying code, etc. The deeper I go in, the more I realize there is; I feel like I've just barely scratched the ...
100 views

### Secure modulus length for Diffie-Hellman [duplicate]

What is secure modulus length for modular exponentiation so that finding discrete log is computationaly impossible?
80 views

### reduces the coefficients of a modulo 3 on NTRU

i'm still don't understand about 'reduces the coefficients of a modulo 3' on NTRU tutorial $a = f*e = 3 - 7X - 10X^2 - 11X^3 + 10X^4 + 7X^5 + 6X^6 + 7X^7 + 5X^8 - 3X^9 -7X^{10} \pmod{32}.$ Note ...
124 views

### In which disciplinary category can cryptography be put?

Is it a multi-disciplinary, inter-disciplinary, cross-disciplinary, or maybe even trans-disciplinary? What are the basis to describe each kind? I mean, how can we infer by which disciplinary field we ...
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148 views

### Solving congruences using PARI

I'm having trouble finding info in the docs about how to solve a system of congruences. The closest I can find is 'matsolvemod' in here: ...
240 views

### What is total key space in transposition algorithms

How we can measure key space in transposition algorithms? Should we specify the method, like rail fence?
971 views

### Export from US of crypto software with key-size > 56 bits still needs permission?

Elsewhere someone stated that he couldn't publish his crypto software on the Internet, because US Export Regulations require approval, if the key size is greater than 56 bits. I know that several ...
I'm reading a cryptanalysis on Blowfish, and I've come across something that I don't quite get. Let's denote $$\delta = a \oplus a'$$ where a and a' are bytes that cause a collision in some S-box ...