# All Questions

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### Why do cryptographic hashes need to be fixed length?

Why do cryptographic hashes need to have a fixed length output? I know that the shallow answer is that an output that varies by key size or file size can leak information somehow, leading to ...
4k views

### Why is it important that phi(n) is kept a secret, in RSA?

Why is it important that $\phi(n)$ is kept a secret, in RSA?
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### Which parameters of the ATV-FHE scheme should be kept private?

I try to implement the ATV-FHE scheme as it is described in section 2 of this paper. I also read this paper that says how parameters should be chosen. Are there some parameters that must be kept ...
19 views

### Is using same key pair for both encryption and signing secure in RSA [duplicate]

In GPG, we can use same key pair for encryption and signing. Can't/Shouldn't we do this in RSA. I am using RSAES-OAEP and RSASSA-PSS, not raw RSA btw.
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### what is the difference between one way function and hard core predicate?

Does anyone know what the difference between a one way function is and a hard core predicate? Are they related to each other or different?
20 views

### Difference between SHA1 and SHA1HMAC? [duplicate]

Can anyone let me know the difference between SHA1 and SHA1HMAC algo?
26 views

### Alter plaintext in block cipher AES in CBC mode

How can I alter the plaintext before decryption by changing the IV? I know what the value of the plaintext should be. I also know the value of the IV (initial vector). The IV and the AES block are ...
697 views

### random access stream cipher

Some time ago I was working in a pet project for a type of database engine. And I thought about securing the data in disk with encryption.. and since the main code was already developed.. I had a few ...
31 views

### Homomorphic Encryption with Addition and Exponentiation

Is there any homomorphic encryption scheme which supports addition and power over cipher text ? Paillier is close but it supports addition and multiplication with a constant. I am getting an output ...
102 views

### How to show something is not a one-way function?

Lets say that $f:\{0,1\}^* \to \{0,1\}^*$ is a strong one way function. Let $h(x)=f(x)||x_n$ where $x_n$ is the $n$th bit of $x$. I understand that $h$ will not be a strong one-way function. However, ...
34 views

### Are private and public key sizes of Elliptic curve related?

I'm new to elliptic curve cryptography. I just want to know in the case where I take a random number (private key) and find its associated public key, does the size of the public key depends upon ...
54 views

### A (current or soon-to-be) NIST-recommended alternative to ECC?

So this comes from the professional rumor-mill, and I'm wondering if anyone might either debunk or shed light on this. My understanding is ECC is generally now preferred over RSA simply due to how ...
86 views

### Generating random vector for Full Homomorphic Cryptography

The site below explains that part of doing homomorphic encryption, you need to generate a vector of random numbers that have the property that its dot product against a randomly generated bit vector ...
29 views

### gpg --gen-random quality level: is higher “better”?

The GNU Privacy Guard manual pages have this to say about using the gpg --gen-random 0|1|2 count command: Emit count random bytes of the given quality level 0, ...
27 views

### Is there a library-less implementation of DSA available to read? [closed]

Is there a pedagogical library-less implementation of DSA available to read? (Not ECDSA.) Obviously BigInteger and hash functions may be from libraries, but I want to read the implementation of all ...
40 views

### Why is SSL/TLS so complicated?

I'm new to SSL/TLS and I'm staring as a new security researcher. It appears to me that SSL/TLS protocol is needlessly complex for arriving at a shared secret. The complexity results in so many bugs ...
71 views

### How to compare performances of lattice-based and pairing-based IBE schemes

I try to compare the performances (cost of Enc, Dec, ... size of keys, ciphertexts, ...) of IBE schemes using lattices (LWE hardness assumption) or pairing (Diffie-Hellman hardness assumption). I've ...
15 views

### What communications security protocols exist that aren't based on PKC?

Lets say that you have two devices that need to communicate in a secure manner. These devices can share secrets before communication takes place (This sharing of secrets occurs over another secure ...
20 views

### In FHE over integers is each bit of the cyphertext encrypted under the new key?

In the paper Fully Homomorphic Encryption over the Integers, a method is shown for doing homomorphic encryption using only integers. The basic idea is that a bit m is encoded as a large integer c. ...
21 views

### How to compare two CSPRNGs? [duplicate]

Let's say I am given to CSPRNGs: RNG1 and RNG2. I want to select the best one of the two for cryptography. How should I do it? Any of the two RNGs can be initialized with a secret key during tests and ...
50 views

### How to decrypt RSA cipher text? [closed]

How can I decrypt an RSA cipher text in which I am only provided with a public key and the cipher text. The person who encrypted it made a mistake in taking the exponent.
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### Is there any reason not to use Single-Key EM with AES and a constant key?

I've read recently the paper "Minimalism in Cryptography: The Even-Mansour Scheme Revisited" by Dunkelman, Keller and Shamir where it is claimed that the following construction (Single-Key EM) is ...
40 views

### Which method to generate one time password?

I'm looking for a concrete algorithm to generate one time passwords. The situation is as follows: Alice and Bob exchanged a passphrase over a secure channel in the beginning. They want to ...
40 views

### PublicKey Unknown Encoding

I have a public key: ...
48 views

### Usefulness of ability to calculate $m^{p+q}$ with RSA

I noticed that with only an RSA public key, it is possible/tractable to calculate $m^{p+q} \pmod n$ for any $m$ without knowing $p$ or $q$. Namely, $m^{p+q} \equiv m^{n+1} \pmod n$. (This follows ...
354 views

### Is there a public key encryption scheme with optimal key size?

Symmetric encryption schemes such as AES have known security levels equal to their key sizes (i.e. breaking an encryption with an $n$ bit key needs about $2^n$ work steps). Elliptic curve encryption ...
18 views

### Intermediate values for testing Blowfish

I am trying to implement the Blowfish algorithm in VHDL. To debug my code, I need the intermediate values of s-box and P vectors after each iteration. Where can I find this data set? p.s :- I know ...
52 views

### Is it possible to correct the exponent of an RSA public key if it has been altered?

Is it possible to change the exponent of an RSA public key?
12 views

### With ECDSA is there a way for the verifier to calculate any properties of $k$?

With ECDSA, given $(r,s)$ and $m$, is there a way for a verifier to calculate any (boolean) properties of $k$, without knowing $k$ or the private key $D_A$? (I understand that $k$ should be random, ...
36 views

### How does the size of the prime affect Elliptic Curve Bit Security?

I am using the MIRACL Library to implement an Elliptic Curve Diffie Hellman based Key Exchange according to ECDH-Scheme-Wikipedia. Referring to the Miracl Docs they suggest a few curves. Each curve ...
38 views

### Davies-Meyer Hash Function

Here is the problem: Illustrate Davies-Meyer hash function scheme for the message “123” with 1-byte blocks. You may use the extended ASCII representation where each character is represented as a ...
122 views

### Is there a way to prove equality of plaintext that was encrypted using different public keys?

Imagine if Alice encrypts message to Bob (using public key $P_{bob}$) and then Bob encrypts the same message to Carol (using $P_{carol}$). Is there a way for Bob to prove that: $P_{carol}$ was ...
85 views

### Generate hash value using public key along with message

I was trying to understand one way signature chaining on message by saxena and soh. As the message is passed from one user to other, every user can combine their signature to create one single ...
144 views

### Attacking hashed password by timing attack and other means

This question is inspired by this recent one, which raises a point that need to be made quantitative to be meaningfully discussed. I chose an unusual approach: a new question worded as homework that ...
41 views

### Why does the modulus of Diffie–Hellman need to be a prime?

I read a lot about Diffie-Hellman, but there is one thing I dont understand: why does the modulus p need to be a prime? What if it would not be a prime?
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### Hash Table: How to Calculate Max Load of a Bucket in Practice [migrated]

My question is related to this question I posted in math forum: http://math.stackexchange.com/questions/1512644/balls-and-bins-hash-table-a-concrete-example but I could not get an answer that I ...
66 views

### Is there an algorithm to hide text in another text, while preserving the meaning of the later?

Is there a way to hide a text message $A$ inside another text $B$ using a cryptographic cipher/algorithm, while preserving the sense/meaning of $B$ and without anybody being able to notice there is a ...
48 views

### Salary Negotiation Problem

Imagine Alice is applying for a new job. Alice has an idea of the minimum salary that she is willing to accept—let's call this value A. Bob, the hiring manager for ...
61 views

### Probabalistic Polynomial-time Algorithms & One-way functions

I've been reading up on probabilistic polynomial-time algorithms and one-way functions, and I was hoping to get some guidance on the topic. A textbook I'm reading states the following for one of the ...