# All Questions

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### Encoding an element in $r=r'||h(r')$ way

We consider a finite field $\mathbb{F}_p$, where $p$ is a large prime e.g. 256-bit. We have $b$ a fixed element of the field. We encode it as $b'=b||h(b)$, where $h(.)$ is a cryptographic hash ...
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### How to tell if an audio stream is encrypted or corrupted? [closed]

Is the following stream encrypted or corrupted? I was on a call and then this happened: http://vocaroo.com/i/s0PlF2s8ULAU
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### Proof that two signatures are done with the same short bases

My question is regarding lattice based signatures. Each lattice can have multiple short (secret) bases. Is it possible to proof in zero knowledge that two signatures on a fixed lattice have been ...
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### What is the exact algorithm and functions of the 4 way handshake?

I have to make a detailed diagram of the 4 way handshake and formulas for its functions so I need to know the exact process behind it. Like precisely what functions are used in it? I have been trying ...
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### How should I read these three-dimensional (pseudo)random-generated numbers representations?

Visiting this site: http://lcamtuf.coredump.cx/oldtcp/tcpseq.html#phase I found graphical representations of random-generated sequence numbers, but I can't figure out how to interprete the plots. ...
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### A5/2: Ciphertext Only Attack

A5/2 could be attacked with cipher-text only, using the Error Correction Code, in order to retrieve the session key. For the purpose of simplicity suppose that the error correction code copy the ...
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### Which public key cryptosystems are not based on number theory?

Are there any public key cryptographic systems whose hardness assumptions don't involve number theoretic problems?
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### any post-shannon symmetric ciphers?

As far as I understand block ciphers use only simple operations to ensure good enough confusion and diffusion levels. meaning there is no math in it. "breaking a good cipher should require as much ...
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### Does changing the order of the steps within a round affect the security of AES?

I was trying to understand the internal structure of AES (Advanced Encryption Standard) Standard order of steps within a round: Substitute Bytes Shift Rows Mix Columns Add Round Key Substitute ...
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### What do the last chunks of the output string of Scrypt contain?

When you use scrypt to hash a string, it will generate something like: ...
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### Why is symmetric lightweight crypto only about block ciphers and not about stream ciphers?

Why is symmetric lightweight cryptography only about block ciphers and not about stream ciphers? AFAIK stream cipher implementations cost at least three times less than block cipher ones?
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### Is it possible to test implementation for side-channel attacks?

When it comes to implementing cryptographic algorithms, there seems to be a big focus on the difficulty of doing so without introducing the potential for side channel attacks and the knowledge ...
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### Any benefit to writing a message as a mix of 2 languages before encryption?

For example, imagine a message that is a mix of Japanese and English words; Japanese in unicode, English in ASCII. Japanese doesn't use spaces between words. The sentence structures, anything ...
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### Found weil pairing. Index Calculus method on the results of weil pairing

Consider Elliptic curve with p = 59, A = 1, B= 0, P = (25,30) and Q=(35,31). So I tried to solve this using MOV attack. The torsion point for them E[5] is R(-25,30i) where is sqroot -1 Chosen two ...
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### Parameterizing adversaries with security parameters

In many cryptographic games, the adversary doesn't seem to be parameterized by the security parameter.‡ Are such games equivalent to variants in which the adversary is parameterized by the security ...
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### Can any MAC be used as a KDF?

First, let me clarify what I mean with a Key Derivation Function (KDF). I'm interested in KDFs that take an $n$-bit symmetric master key and some diversification data of arbitrary length as input and ...
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### Importance of round complexity in determining the efficiency of an MPC protocol

Literature has different ways of specifying complexity of an MPC protocol: computation complexity that measures the number of (assumed primitive) operations performed by all the parties; ...
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### Dependency of cryptographic protocols on cryptography primitives

To what extent depend cryptographic protocols on cryptographic primitives? Are there cryptographic protocols that can only be implemented with certain cryptographic primitives? If the answer is yes, ...
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### Why is RSA still being used? [duplicate]

In hybrid encrytion, I still see that some site's use RSA in their https connection, so now I wonder, why do they not use ECC instead of RSA, ECC requires less computational power and encrypt's and ...

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