All Questions

31 views

Solving ADFGVX decoding with only ciphertext

Hi I'm new to the world of crypto and I'm trying to decode a message. I know it is encrypted using the ADFGVX cipher. I also have a ciphertext, but I have no other information given to me. My question ...
25 views

Lagrange Coefficients & Polynomial in KP-ABE

My question is how these concepts relate in ABE. I am assuming that the attributes are used to share the master secret key and only a user with the right attributes for a particular access tree is ...
30 views

What does this advantage statement signify?

In many Attribute Based Encryption papers I see this line... The advantage of an adversary A in this game is defined as Pr[b' = b] − 1/2. Can someone explain what it means to me? I assume it means ...
62 views

Zero-knowledge proof for the product of additive Paillier ciphers

Suppose that Alice received the cipher values: $E(x_1), E(x_2), ..., E(x_n)$ that are encrypted using Paillier cryptosystem by $n$ entities with Bob's public key. Alice computes $E(\sum x_i)$ from ...
104 views

Understanding ransomware – What makes plain-text-attacks or brute-forcing so hard?

Say I have four files. Two are completely unencrypted, while the other two are the exact same files other than that they have been encrypted with (apparently) the same public key (via a ransomware ...
62 views

collision resistant hash function

I have got through the collision resistant hash function,and I found it a little bit tricky to solve this question: Would you please help me solve it?
108 views

Complexity using RSA

You encrypt a message using the RSA encryption system as $t^e \pmod n$ , where $t, e < n$ and $t$ is the numerical equivalent of the message. The message is written in a $27$-letter alphabet and is ...
72 views

Perfect Secrecy in Symmetric Key Systems

For symmetric key systems does perfect secrecy imply that all ciphers in the cipher space are equiprobable? I would think not, but I am finding it hard to come up with a counter example.
82 views

Using e-ID Number for Encryption and Digital Signing

I want to use e-ID number for performing Encryption/Decryption and Digital Signing - and in order to do so, I've opted a PGP-oriented approach which goes a bit like this. Generating PGP key-pair ...
19 views

If you use an AES key just once, do you need to use IV, and/or pad the message? [duplicate]

I am developing an application that is going to use AES encryption. Since it is going to use a different key for every message encrypted... Would it be secure to use a constant IV? (i.e null bytes) ...
127 views

Is F' a pseudorandom function when F is composed with G, a pseudorandom generator?

If $F$ is a pseudorandom function, is $F'$ also a pseudorandom function in the following: $$F'_k(x)=F_k(G(x)) \space \space \text,$$ where $G$ is $a$ pseudorandom generator? Also, does the other ...
85 views

Why are there $2^{56}$ possible DES keys when there are 64 key bits?

On forums I read DES has $2^{56}$ possible keys so it takes x times to brute force it with hardware x. But there are 64 total bits of which are 8 parity bits. But those parity bits are a ...
33 views

Symmetric encryption vulnerable when encrypting and decrypting are the same?

To my understanding, symmetric encryption is where encrypting and decrypting data can occur with the same key. It's possible for symmetric encryption that the encrypting and decrypting algorithms are ...
43 views

Understanding the cryptography used in a file [closed]

I use a software that stores a raw binary file with information, and exports it to a text file. I have access to the data in the original binary file. You can find a sample of the contents of the raw ...
36 views

Can blockchain be used in a comparable way to an encrypted SQLite database?

Further to a previous question of mine regarding multiple encryption levels in a SQLite database, I was asking whether it's possible for different users are able to decrypt only records of the ...
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User key User Certificates [migrated]

Why would I find these in someone's security settings? I was going through my moms phone when I noticed some type of encrypted certificate. Figured out one of the two passwords required for access. ...
23 views

This is bad. I don't know how to figure out the keyword and the keyletter [duplicate]

That may be bad, but I cannot crack any keyword messages!
40 views

Example of Projective Coordinates

Given the affine form of coordinates $(x,y)$ such as $(5,3)$, if I want to convert $(5,3)$ to projective coordinates $(x,y,z)$, should the form of point be $(5,3,1)$? It is triplet not a point, right? ...
84 views

Cycling hashing in PBKDF's and their limitations in strength?

I hope this question isn't too similar to one that's already been asked. I also want to point out I know part the answer already, AFAIK: I just want some expert input on this. Let's model a hash that ...
32 views

Convert projective to affine coordinates in ECC? [closed]

I am working with my project. I use projective coordinates but when I convert to affine coordinates, I can't get it. Can anyone help me? Projective Coordinates $(X,Y,Z)$ to Affine Coordinates ...
67 views

Non-numeric Diffie-Hellman?

It may seem that this is a programming question, but I just need advice on the cryptography side of the question. I want to implement the Diffie-Hellman key exchange algorithm on iOS (since no free ...
40 views

Is there any difference in adding the plain text and key vs using xor instead(apart from the performance improvements)?
134 views

Recommendation for lightweight algorithm for partial message encryption

I have designed a specific client and server program, which sends a file from client to server in 32k chunks. I want to encrypt only part of the data. More specifically: in each 32k chunk passing ...
37 views

Strength of TripleDES (DESede) in Java (Sun JCE)?

I'm introducing Jasypt to a spring-boot project. The default algorithm for storing passwords with it is PBEWithMD5AndDES. Since I've got some reservations on using that cipher, I'm looking into ...
60 views

How can I implement decryption for NTRU homomorphic encryption scheme?

I have come across this paper On-the-fly multiparty computation via on-the-cloud Multikey from Fully Homomorphic Encryption by Lopez-Alt et al., where authors describe a NTRU-based homomorphic ...
97 views

Could we share a secret key using the Birthday problem?

I stumbled upon this code on-line, it seems obvious to me that generating all 2^40 keys in trivial time can always be achieved as can hashing each and everyone of them, using the SHARED Salt that ...
98 views

The difficulty of computing discrete logs

I understand that in Diffie-Hellman it should be hard to compute $a$ given $g$ and $g^a$. In computational Diffie-Hellman, it appears to be hard to compute $(g^{ab})$ from $g^a$ and $g^b$. As for ...
380 views

Should AES.decrypt(ct, wrong_key) return blank or wrong result?

I am trying to use AES as cipher for an application I am building. I am using a JavaScript library (https://code.google.com/p/crypto-js/) to perform encryption and decryption with AES. When I ...
108 views

Encryption scheme like RSA where encryption is the inverse of decryption

In RSA, it is basically equivalent to use the private key $d$ to encrypt as it is to use the public key $e$ to encrypt. They are exactly inverses: $e=d^{-1}$. I need to know, are there other public ...
64 views

SHA256 for large files

I have a hardware engine for SHA256 which can process 64K of data, but the input data size I am getting is around 1MB. What should I do to process 1MB size. What should be my input after 1st 64KB ...
5 views

Different Signature from Affine to Projective Coordinates [migrated]

My project is compare ECDSA performance between Affine and Projective Coordinates. I'm using BouncyCastle API in Java. Part of Main ECDSA class code: ...
47 views

Diffie-Hellman, RSA and the types of public key cryptography

Are these schemes fundamentally different? Are other schemes fundamentally different in the sense that you can do different operations with them (or the same operations, but needing different ...
30 views

How to calculate unicity distance of Fleissner grille?

I need to calculate unicity distance of Fleissners grille of $M \times M$ size. All I know is that plaint text redundancy equals $2$. The alphabet is not specified. Is it possible to calculate its ...
64 views

splitting the plaintext and ciphertext into blocks

Say I was to use RSA with a given value of n. I choose to split the plaintext and ciphertext written in a 27 letter alphabet into blocks with k and m characters resp. How would I find the largest ...
24 views

OTR AKE protocol implementations security

While looking at the different versions of OTR protocol I discovered a strange thing: there is no trace of the patch for the weaknesses that were noted in “Finite-State Security Analysis of OTR ...
109 views

Determining if Server/Client's TLS configuration is Vulnerable to SLOTH

In the context of SSL/TLS protocol and SLOTH vulnerability. I want to find out if certain websites(webservers) or applications that use TLS are vulnerable. I need some guidance for this. My idea is ...
108 views

Unable to understand hash function representations

I have some hash function representations, which I find it hard to understand. I have searched a lot but didn't found anything helpful. Please help me understand the hash function representations ...
110 views

Name and security of these non-invertible functions?

I would like to learn more about a specific set of non invertible functions: The function should accept 2 inputs: one hidden and the other visible. The output and the function should also be ...
19 views

Uniformly distributed sub-sequences of a main PRG sequence

Let $g_s$ be a pseudo-random generator that generates uniform distributions of numbers ($s$ : seed) of a fixed bit-size. One wants to compare the pseudo-randomness of certain subsets of elements ...
58 views

BOOLEAN FUNCTIONS: generate a function $f: \{0, 1\}^n \rightarrow \{0, 1\}$ from a $n \times n$ S-Box

I want to calculate the hamming weight of a S-Box using this formula: $\text{hw}(f) = \sum_{x=0}^{2^n-1} f(x)$. Where $f: \{0, 1\}^n \rightarrow \{0, 1\}$ My problem is that I don't know how to get ...
17 views

$GF(2^n)$ for $n > 32$ arithmetics free or opensource java library [migrated]

I need a library implementing the $GF(2^n)$ field arithmetic for a large $n$. I tried BouncyCastle but it provides only $n < 32$.
23 views

Understanding the definition of HGD

On the section 4.2, page 10, of the paper Order-Preserving Symmetric Encryption, the authors define two subroutines: the first one is called $HGD$ and the second one is $GetCoins$. I have doubts ...
54 views

Semaev summation polynomials

I am little confused how this attack works. We have the points $P, Q$ such that $Q = nP$. We let $u_{1}$and $u_{2}$ such that $R(x,y)=u_{1}P+u_{2}Q$. Then if we find the solution $x_1,...,x_n$ of the ...
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Computing the cardinality of the co-domain of specific modular exponentiations

Consider the following function: $f: \mathbb{Z}_n \rightarrow Y,~x \mapsto x^e \bmod n$, where $n = p \cdot q$ is an RSA modulus and $gcd(\varphi(n),e) \neq 1$ (different as required for a public ...
74 views

Proof that this is not a secure pseudorandom function

$p$ is a large prime number. Consider the following function $F:\mathbb Z^*_p \times \mathbb D\rightarrow\mathbb Z^*_p$ where $\mathbb D=2,....,p-1$. $F_k(x)=x^k \bmod p$ Proof that it's ...
91 views

Limitations of Elliptic Curve Cryptography?

Simple question, what are the limitations of ECC, both in terms of application and how secure it is? I heard that the NSA were able to read emails a few years back due to a backdoor they had ...
20 views

Using Montgomery ladder to calculate the coordintes

In one of my assignments I need to solve the below: For a Montgomery curve $3v^2 = u^3+u^2+u$ over ${\mathbb{F}}_{11}$ and point $P = (9,8)$. I need to compute $x$ coordinate of $3P$ using ...
72 views

Which ciphers produce random ciphertext?

I already know AES produces a "random" output. 5e4e6440826d6afc4535fbf078455f791159701a9df624ddd4e4dda84523b6a7 Its ciphertext doesn't follow a pattern and is ...
Can anyone please help me on how to prove or disprove (by counterexample) whether the following function $G'$ is a PRG (Pseudorandom Generator) given that $G$ is a PRG. G'(s) = ...