# All Questions

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### In which disciplinary kind can Cryptography be put?

Is it a multidisciplinary? an interdisciplinary? a cross-disciplinary? or a trans-disciplinary? what are the basis put to describe each kind? I mean how can we infer by which disciplinary field we can ...
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### How to use GCM mode and associated-data properly

I'm currently migrating a project to use the bouncy castle GCM mode. I understand that using an authenticated mode removes the need for a HMAC, however I want to be sure that I'm using this mode ...
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### Proof of the standard pseudorandom generator + XOR encryption scheme in Goldreich

Reading Goldreich's Foundations of Cryptography II, I found this proof for the security of the common pseudorandom generator + XOR encryption scheme (Proposition 5.2.12 in the book): Assume you have ...
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### Strong encryption done by hand [duplicate]

One of the distinguishing features of a good encryption algorithm, is that it is easy to encrypt, and hard to crack. Are there any that are easy enough for average folk to remember, and calculate by ...
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### What are the constraints for an IV using AES in CBC mode?

I'm designing a protocol for use into a VPN software. The VPN frames are encapsulated into AES-256 CBC encrypted frames. I understand that IVs must be uniquely used for each message encrypted with ...
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### Anonymity in end to end encryption

Considering a scenario of anonymous data transfer between seller and buyer using proxies. If we consider that there are three proxies that are being selected by buyer to obtain data from different ...
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### When confusion is applied during encryption?

I know confusion is used in cryptography to make it more difficult to identify any relationship between the ciphertext and the symmetric key. I want to know when the confusion is applied during ...
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### BCrypt vs Key Stretching MD5

Ars technica posted an article about the latest in cyber warfare from the stuxnet crew. They key stretched MD5 by iterating it 10,000 times. It seems to be effective at handicapping HashCat's gpu ...
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### How to perform Multiplicative Inverse Modulo in IDEA

How to perform the Multiplicative Inverse Modulo in International Data Encryption Algorithm? I cannot understand on how to perform it... ex. I have a value of "cf80" and the value that is appearing ...
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### Key collision in scrypt and hkdf

I am developing a mostly-offline authorization system that authorizes a user using an deterministically generated AuthKey derived from a MasterKey derived from a high-entropy chunk of data (128 bits) ...
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### DLP based crypto systems with multiple independent generators

One example of a DLP based crypto system (or rather DDH based crypto system) where the public key parameters include two independent generators of the subgroup, is Cramer Shoup. Since the security ...
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### Can a LIRA system work with cjdns or other decentralized meshnets?

LIRA (Lightweight Incentivized Routing for Anonymity) is a scheme to incentivize participants in Tor to contribute resources, in particular bandwidth. The paper talks about it being used for Tor. Can ...
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### What is the significance of i^Q mod P = 1 and are there any special properties to be aware of?

I'm studying UProve, and one of the fundamental components of this technology is based upon the relationship between i^Q mod P = 1 Lacking a specific name I can call this mathematical ...
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### Partial decryption of large file in AES-GCM (or other modes)?

Lets assume a 4gig file that is internally made of 1 million pages of 4k bytes each (page). the file was originally AES-GCM encrypted these pages (or entire file) lives across the internet i.e. ...
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### What crypto system allows for 3 parties: Party 1 who makes an assertion, Party 2 mutates the assertion, Party 3 validates it

I'm looking for the cryptographic equivalent of a Drivers license where the issuer can be verified, the issuer doesn't need to know who you showed the drivers license to, but also allows ...
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### How to obtain a one-value share in Shamir's secret sharing

This is a trivial question, but I had to ask: since each generated share in a Shamir's secret sharing scheme initially consists of a pair of values (representing the coordinates of a point on the ...
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### Encrypting many small messages (log-lines)

What would be the best way of encrypting small mesasages to be stored in encrypted form? (This sounds like somthing a textbook would cover, but I haven't found any references). Let's say I have many ...
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### Would a “Triple AES” (in the sense of how Triple Des works) serve for a dramatic increase in safety?

The system requires to be as paranoid as possible regarding security. One of the few contemplated changes to the current design is to use multiple encryption. First proposal was to use Serpent on top ...
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### Isn't the structure of a potential plaintext of a ciphertext generated by a one-time pad dispositive, cryptanalysis-wise?

That is, if I generate every possible result, and analyze the structure against, for example, a dictionary, won't that identify which of the solutions in the domain is most likely the correct one? I ...