# All Questions

445 views

### AES CBC with fixed or predictable IV, what are the risks?

I am making a call with parameters from application "A" to a web application "B". Parameters are in the query string of the URL. They don't need to be hidden. But I want to be sure that nobody can ...
229 views

### Store hashed email and compare hash values

I have a number of different systems sending me email addresses, but I don't actually need the underlying email, just a hash of the email address. I know I can compare hash values to find matches ...
75 views

### What is the most secure way to let Alice “input” her private key, transfer it to the server and decrypt the message?

What is the most secure way to let Alice "input" her private key, transfer it to the server and decrypt the message? (Then destroy the private key on the server) Every connection is using SSL. ...
288 views

### What are monotonic and non monotonic access structures in ABE ?

While reading Attribute Based Encryption Schemes, I did not quite understand what a monotonic access structure or non monotonic access structures are. Is there a popular explanation of those terms ? ...
147 views

### What would the Internet be like without public-key cryptography?

The functioning of the Internet as we know it nowadays depends very heavily on public-key cryptography, including several key root systems that depend on its asymmetric properties. But what would it ...
90 views

### Ensuring integrity of a client side script

I want a script that is running on the client to compute a collision resistant hash and send it to a server. I need to ensure that the script which performs this hash is not altered in any malicious ...
3k views

### Decrypt digital signature using RSA public key with openssl

I have a digital signature that was created using the following algorithm: a SHA-256 hash of the body of the message is calculated. It is then signed using an RSA private key and the result is ...
59 views

### Secure MAC implies that probability of same tags on different messages is negligible

So let any secure MAC (message authentication code) be given. Intuitively, I think it is clear that the probability of getting the same tag on two different messages is very small, i.e. negligible. I ...
236 views

### How do unkeyed hash functions (for MDCs) provide security?

Unkeyed hash functions are, by definition, hash functions computed without a key. SHA-1 is an example. MDCs (message digest codes) are a subclass of unkeyed hash functions. How are unkeyed hash ...
157 views

### Montgomery Exponentiation - selecting input value R for a given BigInteger

I have Montgomery exponentiation working, but it's working quite slow. I suspect there are two reasons for this - I implemented it bit size instead of word size (I didn't realize at the time that ...
252 views

### Is there a security analysis of CryptDB?

Its interesting to see critical thinking being applied to cryptDB in contrast to all the hoopla around it here . cryptDB is not a major theoretical breakthrough but potpourri of technologies to make ...
446 views

### Crack SHA1 hash code

Given a set of SHA1 hash code, if we knew a portion of the plaintext for each particular hash code, and also the remaining portion of the plaintext is a constant value for each hash code. Is it ...
926 views

### How can I implement the “Multiplication Modulo” and “Addition Modulo” operations in IDEA?

I am currently working on IDEA (International Data Encryption Algorithm), and I don't know how to perform Multiplication Modulo and Addition Modulo. This is how IDEA operates: IDEA operates on ...
104 views

### Using pairings to verify an extended euclidean relation without leaking the values?

Let $P_i(x)$ be polynomials $i=1,...,n$, $s$ some value, and $g$ a generator of a group $G$ where the discrete logarithm is hard. Assume a prover wants to convince a verifier having access to the ...
678 views

### AES encryption for images [closed]

Why AES based encryption is not recommended for encrypting images with high redundancy in their content? for example, the encryption of an image which shows a bird in the blue sky. Most of the pixels ...
177 views

### Tree hash and multithreading for parallelism

I am using tree hash mode of Skein on a 16 core processor. Will it automatically employ parallelism using more than one cores or do I have to use multi-threading within the tree hash for parallel ...
629 views

### Calculating the inverse modularity of the determinant for Hill cipher

I'm trying to decrypt a message encrypted with Hill Cipher, but I don't understand how to find the determinant so it solves the equation $det * 1/det = 1 mod 26$. The determinant for my key matrix is ...
162 views

### verify contents, but not order

Is there an algorithm that can be used to verify the contents of a cyphertext, but not the order of the elements? I am thinking that a deck of cards could be shuffled, and it must be verifiable that ...
335 views

### How can the Diffie-Hellman key exchange be extended to three parties? [duplicate]

Possible Duplicate: Can one generalize the Diffie-Hellman key exchange to three or more parties? How can Alice, Bob, and Charlie share a common secret key using an extended version of the ...
343 views

### Storage of Private Keys

I'm building a bitcoin web application that will require all users to be assigned a wallet for adding funds to their account. I plan on exposing the public key to the user (the bitcoin address). Users ...
232 views

### Blowfish Encryptions in Bcrypt hashing algorithm

I am trying to understand the ExpandKey function used in the bcrypt hashing algorithm. As per the documentation of bcrypt hashing algorithm on USENIX here: ...
165 views

### Digital Certificate Chain Verification

Does a certificate contain the complete chain of all certificates up to the trusted root certificate, or does the program that verifies certificates have to fetch each parent certificate individually ...
54 views

### Design question for a service that signs messages on behalf of a user

I'm working on a messaging service that lets users author messages and have them signed with an RSA key. The key is used for identity purposes only and can be revoked, so compromising the private key ...
281 views

### Deniability of OTR messaging

I've been looking at the off-the-record messaging protocol, and there is something about its deniability property that seems strange to me. Consider the following scenario: In the course of an ...
143 views

### Do Quantum Key Distribution and Physical Unclonable Functions combine, and how?

I see there's a project to combine Quantum Key Distribution, Physical Unclonable Functions, and classical crypto, in order to secure a high speed (100Gb/s) optical link. While there does not seem to ...
937 views

### Deciphering a key from XOR encrypted cypher using boolean logic

Assume there's an unencrypted message A, and an encrypted message B. You know that message B was encrypted using a simple XOR method of A with a private key K, resulting in message B. Thus, B = A ⊕ K ...
280 views

### Expectation Value of the Index of Coincidence

Can Anybody tell me why the expectation value of the Index of Coincidence is the following? For a cipher text string of length $L$, where $n$ is the number of alphabet characters, $k_r = 1/n$, and ...
1k views

### Use of nonces in Kerberos and Needham–Schroeder protocols

Can you please explain me what is the reason of using nonces in the Needham-Schroeder and in the Kerberos protocols for Key Transport. In particular : Can you explain me the use of $N_A$? And ...
77 views

### Incorporating known ciphertext into new message

Which ciphers $c_k$ enable one to define a joining function $f_{c,k}$ such that: $$f_{c,k}(c_k(p_1), p_2) = c_k(p_1 + p_2)$$ That is, the result of joining some known ciphertext $c_k(p_1)$ with a ...
332 views

### How to represent a 32-byte SHA2 hash in the shortest possible string?

I'm calculating a SHA2 hash of a certain sensitive key value. I need to store files on disk using this hash a directory path prefix. So lets say I hash the key value 150023, I get a 32-byte value ...
115 views

### Tips on conceiving safe software messaging platform

I have a personal project in mind in which I plan to use cryptography in order to let the users be confident in the fact that, even if all data get's stolen, it would be virtually impossible to crack ...
316 views

### Brute forcing Cardan grille

Having a "rotating" square Cardan Grill with sides long n cells, how could i determinate the cost of a brute-force attack? How many configurations should be considered to perform an exhaustive ...
202 views

### Twofish key length

I'm using twofish. Say you have a 120 bit key, is there any difference in using a 128 bit bit keylength or a 256 bit one? Since the most significant digits of the key will be allo zero in both cases, ...
374 views

### Is this fixed length MAC unforgeable?

Consider the following fixed length MAC for messages of length $\ell(n)=2n-2$ using a pseudorandom function $F$: On input of a mesage $m_0||m_1$ ($|m_0| = |m_1| = n-1$) and a key $k \in \{0,1\}^n$, ...
308 views

### Security analysis of a “one-time pad” type hill cipher

Suppose the Hill cipher were modified to something like a one-time pad cipher, where Alice wants to send a message to Bob, and she chooses a key matrix randomly everytime a new message is sent (and ...
130 views

### How is the password sent across for verification?

I am familiar with Challenge-Response Authentication scheme. However I would like to know actual message content sent between client and server for 1 way authentication, over an insecure channel. ...
537 views

### iSeries (AS/400) Database File: password encryption

I am helping with a project in which an old software system on an iSeries is having a brand new .NET UI applied to it. It's going well... except... In order to allow users to login and maintain ...
32 views

### Why Victor must not know which tunnel Peggy chooses?

In the classic description of Zero Knowledge Proof of Knowledge, Victor must wait outside the entrance to the cave while Peggy goes to the fork and choose a side. It's only once Peggy has entered a ...
52 views

### Right usage of PBKDF2 and login system questions

I'm developing the login part of my application and I was asking myself how to do it right. My application stores some users' data server-side that must be inaccessible from us, so all the content ...
50 views

I've read a paper that says that one of the "assumptions" that it makes is secure broadcast. Why is this an assumption? Can't a broadcast channel be built with simple primitives--i.e. encrypt and sign ...
66 views

### Can I use asymmetric encryption for more powerful write-protection?

I have a game that I am developing which uses a locally-stored internal database. It does not matter to me whether a user can read the file (which, to me, means I don't need a symmetric cipher), but I ...
99 views

### Designing a secure IM protocol

I haven't been programming much lately, so I figured I would make an encrypted instant-messaging program (read: Skype clone) with groups to hone my skills. That's not important though, I can do that. ...
100 views

### Burmester-Desmedt (BD) key agreement protocols

How do you perform the Burmester-Desmedt key exchange Protocol, in Diffie-Hellman extension protocol? I've been searching high and low, but couldn't locate an example on how to prove if all the party ...
75 views

### Secrete message sharing using N private keys

I'm looking for an encryption scheme that could possibly meet the following requirements. Let, $X = plaintext$ $M = (pub, priv)$, where $priv == (Ky + Kz)$ Given ...
27 views

### OTP sequence uniqueness

Is it possible to use Time-based One Time Password (TOTP) algorithms to generate tokens from multiple channels (where a channel is defined as a "user" using a certain shared key $K_c$ for channel ...
82 views

### How unsafe is to share parts of a password

The best way to ask this question and have a concrete answer is to set a very specific example. This is the example I would be interested in reading an answer to: Consider that my friend Alice has ...
57 views

### crypto design with AES256 MODE OFB

I have the following APP Design key store (contains 1:n user payload as 1:n key store entries) key store salt (is used to extend to key store password to 256 bits, stored in clear text) key store ...
104 views

### How can I simulate and measure brute force hacking using RSA?

I want to implement brute force hacking using RSA. How can I simulate and measure time duration? What software (or software-based simulator) would be needed?