# All Questions

58 views

### Question on Waters IBE

I'm reading “Efficient Identity-Based Encryption Without Random Oracles” by Brent Waters. In Page 9, I don't know how ...
87 views

### One Way function and Merkle Damgård

Is it possible keep the "one wayness property" of certain one way function in Merkle-Damgård construction? I'm asking this question because according to Collision-Resistant hashing: Towards making ...
74 views

### Variants of AES? [closed]

Would variants of AES provide the same level of security as AES, say by just replacing the S-box with another one, MDS matrix of Mixcolumn, etc.?
44 views

### ElGamal signature scheme: Why is r included in s

In the ElGamal signature scheme we calculate a signature for a (hashed) message $m$ as $r \equiv_p g^k$, $s \equiv_{p-1} (m - xr) k^{-1}$ and verify it by checking $g^m \equiv_p y^r r^s$. Here ...
72 views

### Parallel variant of Carter-Wegman MAC with incremental property

Is there any variant of the Carter-Wegman MAC algorithm that is fast, parallel and has the property of incremental crypto?
71 views

### CTR mode encryption using PRG

In CTR mode encryption, the encryption block is not required to be invertible. Thus, a PRF can be used instead of a PRP. However most of the implementations of CTR mode are based on AES which is a ...
67 views

### Verification of signed message with encryption

I have a question about the message that is being encrypted and signed. Say, two users called Tom and Mary, both have a pair of private key and public key. Tom sends a message through a system that ...
135 views

### RSA Blind Signature Attack

In Information Security Class I learned a non-adaptive chosen ciphertext attack using "blinding" but I just can't follow the proof and therefore can't reconstruct it. From what I've found out, it ...
53 views

### Size of Fresh Ciphertext's Noise in FHE over the integers

I'm studying FHE over the Integer which is https://eprint.iacr.org/2009/616.pdf In the remark 3.4, it says that the fresh ciphertexts have noise at most $2^{\rho'+2}$. I don't know why that ...
84 views

### Secure MultiParty Computation with secret inputs for secret outputs

I want to know if it’s possible to use a SMPC (Secure Multi-Party Computation) to have $N$ entities compute the outcome of a known mathematical operation with two or more secret inputs, where each ...
55 views

### Encrypted files in an encrypted partition or folder

Recently I started wondering about multiple encryption and found pages upon pages of posts and debates about the security of cascades. Now, don’t worry – I'm not looking for someone to discuss a ...
103 views

### Secure way to store fixed size string of digits

I need to store a string of digits (0-9) of a fixed size in my database securely. I've already performed a rainbow table attack on a plain hash, and it broke it in a matter of seconds. One option I ...
104 views

### Use AES-256 Or AES-CTR-256 For One Block?

I am have one block of data to encrypt that is 32-bytes long. Is it better to use the AES-256 primitive for this single block (not a stream) or AES-256-CTR, and also would there be any cons or pros to ...
101 views

### AES-CTR-256 Sub Keys With Encrypted Sub Key Index

I was working with some encryption and I decided to put a spin. To preface this would be used to encrypt multiple files. You start with a key file generated from random data. For example you could ...
194 views

### How secure is using a pad (using xor) on a encrypted data, for the purpose of obfuscating/hiding the underlying encryption?

Edit: I know this isn't really a one time pad (as pointed out), though I don't really know what to call it aside from just a pad, I guess. I have been reading around (mostly various stackexchange ...
104 views

### Generalized Merkle Signatures, SHA-3 and Sakura

Sakura specifies a tree hash mode for e.g. Keccak (SHA-3). Are there any reasons to use the Sakura tree hash mode in a Generalized Merkle Signature Scheme? It seems to me Sakura primarily solves a ...
83 views

### How to find which padding method is used in Block cipher(AES) encyption?

I have a cipher text which is encrypted using AES128 Algorithm. I want to know the following things to decrypt the cipher. IV (Initialization Vector) Padding Method Encryption Key How do I find ...
221 views

### Ciphertext indistinguishability (IND-CPA) for symmetric cryptography

My understanding are these steps are necessary for symmetric cryptography to be IND-CPA: The adversary submits two distinct $M_0$, $M_1$ plain-texts to the challenger. The challenger selects one of ...
60 views

### mixing two asymmetrical random number generator streams

Knuth describes in "the art of computer programming part 2" an algorithm called "M" for mixing two streams of random numbers. This can be used to mix random number streams giving the assurance that ...
138 views

### What is the motivation behind Key-policy Attribute-based Encryption?

What is Attribute Based Encryption? has a nice explanation what both forms (Ciphertext-policy Attribute-based Encryption and Key-policy Attribute-based Encryption) are. My question is: what is the ...
52 views

### Is jacobian to projective conversion unique?

I am doing a small project in ECC. I have used the following equation for converting Projective to Jacobian coordinates: $$D = AC\\ E = BC^{2}\\ F = C$$ and also the following equation to convert ...
39 views

### Calculating IHVs from known message and hash output

Here is a somewhat silly and atypical problem I am currently facing. Usually, when it comes to hashes, one is bothered with finding collisions and preimages. My problem is, I need to find the IHV used ...
194 views

### How can I calculate the Rijndael SBox?

I would like to implement the Rijndael subBytes() operation using calculation instead of tables, because I like to play with this on different wordsizes, as an ...
88 views

### Simplification of a pairing

The paper Expressive, Efficient, and Revocable Data Access Control for Multi-Authority Cloud Storage contains the following simplification: e(C_i,\text{GPK}_{uid})\cdot e(D_i, ...
663 views

### The modulus of RSA public key

I am studying the RSA cryptosystem. The public key consists of $(n, e)$, the modulus (product of two large primes), and the encryption exponent. I want to separate the modulus $n$ and exponent $e$. A ...
152 views

### Cryptool - DES (ECB and CBC ) - double encyption

So, I uploaded a text file in Cryptool and encrypted it with DES-ECB with the key FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF. I encrypted the cipher text again, with DES-CBC using ...
77 views

### Is a keyed PRF a MAC?

I remember I read that a MAC can be considered as a PRF. Can a variable-length input keyed-PRF be considered as a MAC?
94 views

### LFSR Output Sampling for Berlekamp-Massey

Looking at the use of Linear Feedback Shift Registers in cryptographic algorithms, I have learned that the Berlekamp-Massey algorithm can be used to find the (shortest) LFSR that generates a given ...
63 views

### What does it mean for an adversary to run in PPT?

I've been reading this question where a detailed description of mine is given, I've understood that a polynomial-time adversary is an adversary for which the only feasible strategy are those that take ...
61 views

### Is HMAC padding the same as bcrypt?

I have been watching Christof Paar on his YouTube lectures also I used bcrypt to store two passwords with salts and I find that I have a few questions. I am interested in what bcrypt does to the ...
98 views

### Comparing two values without revealing them

Suppose Alice wants to prove to Bob that t1 is less than t2. t1 and ...
263 views

I would like to know what (if any) are the advantages of using Montgomery Power ladder over the Double-and-Add-Always algorithm. I think that firstly, Monty would be slightly faster than DoubleAndAdd. ...
129 views

### Pailler and Gentry - homomorphic encryption

Paillier cryptosystem is a probabilistic asymmetric algorithm for public key cryptography. Doesn't homomorphic encryption schemes have regular effects on the plaintext, and does that mean Pailliers ...
102 views

### What's the advantage of using OFB/CFB/CTR modes over a stream cipher

As far as I understand: The primary disadvantage associated with stream ciphers is the need for a random and unique key for each run in order to protect against reused-key attacks. OFB/CFB/CTR block ...
121 views

### How do P2P clients like uTorrent maintain authenticity of files?

I am very new to concepts of cryptography so bear with me and feel free to fill in any information that may seem obvious but something you think someone may not know. At first I was under impression ...
66 views

### Is concatenated data hashed with scrypt vulunarable to a length extension attack?

scrypt takes a salt, and a password plus some cost paramters to generate a key. So say we define it as this: key = scrypt(password, salt, cost) I am interested ...
100 views

### Shamir's Secret Sharing of modular inverse

Given a secret $K \bmod q$ which is shared among entities $E_1,…,E_n$ using polynomial Shamir's Secret Sharing, how can the inverse of $k$ be shared without revealing $k$ and $k^{-1}$?
27 views

### Is the CONF key sharing Problem equivalent to discrete log problem?

If there a proof in the literature which says the CONF Problem is equivalent to solving the discrete log ? Let $g$ be a generator of a cyclic group $\mathbb{G}$ of prime order $q$ CONF problem: ...
116 views

### How can I validate my implementation of Ansi 9.19?

I implemented an Ansi 9.19 mac generator in java, but now I don't know how to validate its functionality. I couldn't find any sample of a {plain text,key,mac} on the internet, and I want to know if ...
513 views

### Pseudocode for constant time modular exponentiation

I'm looking to implement modular exponentiation (for RSA) in constant time, but most of the examples I've found are more mathematical descriptions of the operations. Are there any references with ...
129 views

### Schnorr Identification protocol sometimes wrong?

I'm implementing the Schnorr Identification protocol as part of a larger protocol. In a large percentage of cases, around 20%, my test fails. I don't think it's a code problem, although possible, but ...
191 views

### How to specify a NIST SP 800-108 KBKDF

Strange question maybe, but say I want to specify a protocol that complies with NIST SP 800-108. This lists a whole set of key based key derivation functions, with a very loose set of parameters. How ...
66 views

### Can I publish the accumulator trapdoor and still keep it secure?

I'm implementing the Camenish-Lysyanskaya dynamic accumulator. It seems to me that the accumulator is provably secure because the trapdoor is unknown to the attacker. The risks should be the fact ...
75 views

### difference between leveled FHE and normal FHE scheme

What is/are difference/s between leveled Fully Homomorphic Encryption and normal Fully Homomorphic Encryption?
128 views

### Is HMAC necessary if the AES ciphertext of a message includes the CRC of the message?

I've seen that encrypting an image with AES-CBC then calculating the HMAC-MD5 value for authentication is a somewhat common and sound way to secure data. Alternatively, can I just calculate the CRC of ...
193 views

### SSL-like protocol with public-key hard-coded in the client

Imagine a SSL-like protocol that instead of using certificates signed by a trusted CA, has the server's public key hard-coded in the client. My question is: what happens if the server's private key is ...
219 views

### Why does HMAC need a fixed length padding?

As everybody knows in order to calculate HMAC we have to concatenate padding to the message. I am just curious why the padding needs to be fixed-length. Why do we need the blocksize parameter here? ...
217 views

### Is there a simple zero knowledge proof of $x$ for $b=x^x\pmod p$?

We have a multiplicative cyclic group $G$ which is a subgroup of $(\mathbb{Z}/n\mathbb{Z})∗$. There are two parties, Alice and Bob: If: Alice knows: $b$ and $x$ such that $x^x = b$; Bob knows: $b$. ...
Alice signs a message $m$ with her private key, yielding a signature ($r$,$s$). I want to prove to someone else that I have this signature, but I don't want them to have the knowledge of what ...