# All Questions

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### difference between leveled FHE and normal FHE scheme

What is/are difference/s between leveled Fully Homomorphic Encryption and normal Fully Homomorphic Encryption?
130 views

### Is HMAC necessary if the AES ciphertext of a message includes the CRC of the message?

I've seen that encrypting an image with AES-CBC then calculating the HMAC-MD5 value for authentication is a somewhat common and sound way to secure data. Alternatively, can I just calculate the CRC of ...
193 views

### SSL-like protocol with public-key hard-coded in the client

Imagine a SSL-like protocol that instead of using certificates signed by a trusted CA, has the server's public key hard-coded in the client. My question is: what happens if the server's private key is ...
229 views

### Why does HMAC need a fixed length padding?

As everybody knows in order to calculate HMAC we have to concatenate padding to the message. I am just curious why the padding needs to be fixed-length. Why do we need the blocksize parameter here? ...
218 views

### Is there a simple zero knowledge proof of $x$ for $b=x^x\pmod p$?

We have a multiplicative cyclic group $G$ which is a subgroup of $(\mathbb{Z}/n\mathbb{Z})∗$. There are two parties, Alice and Bob: If: Alice knows: $b$ and $x$ such that $x^x = b$; Bob knows: $b$. ...
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### ECDSA signature verifiable 1-way transformations

Alice signs a message $m$ with her private key, yielding a signature ($r$,$s$). I want to prove to someone else that I have this signature, but I don't want them to have the knowledge of what ...
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### Implementing AugPAKE over ECC

The AugPAKE spec says it can be implemented over elliptic curves. This sounds very promising, but they don't actually back that claim. Can this really be achieved? If so, how would one go about ...
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### secret sharing of product of 2 numbers

Does evaluating the products of shares $a_jb_j$ give a secret sharing of $ab$? I think it's a no, but I am not sure on how to prove it.
145 views

### Good Encryption Exponent

I have placed a bet that I can create a public key such that my adversary will not be able to crack (decrypt) it for at least one week. For my primes $p$ and $q$, I chose very large numbers that are ...
156 views

### How to design a cryptographically secure file hosting service

How one would go about design something like Google Drive/Dropbox providing the following features: files are encrypted and decrypted on the client files can be synced between devices the service ...
120 views

### Verifying encrypted addition

Alice has two secret numbers, a and b. She publishes c1=E(a), c2=E(b) and c3=E(a+b). Is there an encryption system E such that anyone would be able to prove that the c3 as published by Alice is ...
199 views

### How vulnerable is RSA when using it to encode ~1000s of datasets with 500bytes each? How easy can the private key passphrase be hacked?

I know that this is not the best use case for RSA, but for a customer of mine I have to encode user data on the server in a way so that it can be decoded/downloaded by the customer through a "secure" ...
205 views

### ID-based key exchange protocol with PFS

The traditional authenticated DH protocol with PFS against active adversaries, ensures that the compromise of both party's long-term private keys after the session is completed will not help the ...
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### Verifying a Signature

Alice publishes $(n,e)$ where $n$ is exponential modulus and $e$ is the public key. We have $n=80$ digit number and $e=3$. Bob, in correspondence with Alice, asked Alice to prove she is really Alice, ...
345 views

### Prime number theorem - RSA

I am having trouble understanding the prime number theorem. As part of some revision for an exam, I am trying to answer the following questions (but seeing as I don't understand the concept of the ...
270 views

### Since it gives negative power, how is rcon(0) calculated in AES?

I'm trying to calculate Rijndael key schedule "Rcon" values manually. I know how to calculate each value with the equation ...
If an RSA encryption uses a modulus $n$ of 15000 bits and $e = 3$ or $e = 2^{16} + 1$, how many squarings and multiplications will we need for encryption, and for decryption? Could you please explain ...