# All Questions

228 views

### Playfair Cipher + Vigenere Cipher?

I'm researching cryptography for a school project, came across the above two ciphers, and something occurred to me. Would combining these two schemes give a considerably stronger encryption than ...
81 views

### Library to find an addition chain for a large number? [closed]

I need a short addition chain for a number $n>2^{100}$ in order to implement a fast exponentiation. The memory footprint is not important. Finding an optimal chain for a large number $n$ is ...
75 views

### Permuting Small Sized Set in Practice

Imagine we have a set $S$ of $m$ elements and we wants to permutes the set elements. Thus the original position of each element should be unknown after permuting. If we define a permutation function ...
48 views

### Reduction to cdp,dl or cdh?

Assuming a randomize encoding scheme that takes as input a secret key $\mathsf{sk} \in \mathbb{Z}_p$ for a large prime number $p$. Then the algorithm outputs $g^{\mathsf{sk}x}, x \in \mathbb{Z}_p^*$. ...
80 views

### Ephemeral key is held constant in ElGamal

Is there a known algorithm to recover the sender's messages in ElGamal $\mathbb{F}_p^*$ if the ephemeral key is held constant in two or more transmissions, assuming the messages are always distinct? ...
115 views

### CPA-security of a pseudorandom permutation encryption scheme

Let $F$ be a pseudorandom permutation, and define a fixed-length encryption scheme $(Gen, Enc, Dec)$ as follows: on input $m \in$ $\{0,1\}^{n/2}$ and key $k \in \{0,1\}^n$, algorithm Enc chooses a ...
194 views

### Point addition in NaCl/libsodium (Curve25519)

In NaCl and libsodium, the crypto_scalarmult function implements the operation $Q = kP$ (scalar/point multiplication). There doesn't seem to be a function for point ...
70 views

### Words having weight near to minimum distance

I am studying the NP-Problem of the codes Syndrome Decoding. The formulation is show below. Input: a binary matrix $H$ of dimension $r \times n$ and a bit string $S$ of length $r$. Property: there ...
297 views

### Simulation Based Proof: What Can / Can not Simulator Do?

I have seen some examples in "Foundation of cryptography" and "Efficient two party computation", in which simulator can do some things that in the real world model the parties cannot do, for instance: ...
82 views

### Is there a signature scheme for the Cramer-Shoup cryptosystem?

I have a project that I have to use cryptosystem and signature scheme for it. I've read about Cramer-Shoup cryptosystem and I want to use it since it is more secure the ElGamal cryptosystem, but, I ...
125 views

### Is the ring of octonions “commonly” used in Cryptography?

I've recently read "Fully Homomorphic Encryption on Octonion Ring" by Yagisawa, which is based on octonion rings over finite fields. Personally I've never encountered octonion rings in cryptography ...
100 views

### Example: pre-image resistance to second pre-image resistance

It is possible to convert a pre-image resistant function $f:\{0,1\}^{n}\rightarrow \{0,1\}^{n}$ to a second-preimage resistant function? I am thinking to use a pseudo-random generator and construct ...
137 views

### Why is the whole initial state used in the final addition of Salsa20 and ChaCha?

Both Salsa20 and ChaCha basically work like this: Put the key, the nonce, the sequence number and a constant into a 4x4 matrix of 32-bit words. Transform the matrix invertibly with a number of ARX ...
97 views

### Show How to Efficiently Solve the Computational Diffie-Hellman Assumption given an Algorithm that Solves the Square-DH Problem

Let $q$ prime number, $G$ a cyclic group with order $q$ and let $g \in G$ be a generator of $G$. Suppose that you have an algorithm $A$ who takes input the element $g^a$ of $G$ and gives as output the ...
58 views

### search of patterns in key schedules

I am developing a new key schedule, and there is this article (Enhanced Key Expansion for AES-256 by Using Even-Odd Method) where the authors also propose a new algorithm and one of the objectives is ...
46 views

### Algorithm for factoring a number $n$ of a specific form given $n$ and $\varphi(n)$

Given the natural number $n$, which is in the form $p^2 \cdot q^2$ with $p$,$q$ prime numbers. Also $\varphi(n)$ is given. Describe a fast algorithm (polynomial time) that calculates $p$ and $q$. ...
70 views

### Simulator in Private Outsourced Computation over Outsourced Datasets

Please, consider two honest parties $A$ and $B$ outsourced their private data to a malicious server $S$. So the parties store their data in the server. Then at a later point in time they want to ask ...
565 views

### How to prove that a function is not pseudorandom?

I am currently enrolled in a cryptography course, which uses the book by Katz and Lindell. I'm struggling with the exercies which ask for proofs, like the following one: Let G(k) be a PRG with |k|...
56 views

### Blinding to mask private key operations

Blinding is often used to mask private key operations when the underlying problem is integer factorization. For example, its used in both RSA and Rabin-Williams signature schemes. This presumes ...
103 views

### El-Gamal signature with two messages

Alice uses an ElGamal signature with base the group $Z^*_{107}$ and parameter $g=3$ of order $q=53$.The private key of Alice is some $x \in \{0,1,.....,52\}$ and the public key of her is $y=10$. To ...
298 views

### Can a 1 byte difference in AES 128 bit keys make huge difference in output?

If we take some randomly generated key of AES-128 and we change any random 1 byte of that 16 byte key, will this make huge difference in the AES cipher text generated over same input string? Does ...
3k views

### Terminology: differences between the terms “pre-master secret”, “master secret”, “private key”, and “shared secret”?

Both crypto.SE and security.SE have excellent Q&As about how TLS generates session keys (I have linked some at the bottom). In reading these threads I'm having troubles with terminology since the ...
185 views

### Transforming Gaussian random $[0,1]$ numbers to uniform $[0,255]$

I am not exactly sure if this is for math stackexchange or crypto: A TRNG outputs numbers in $[0,1]$ in a Gaussian distribution. I would like to convert them into uniform random bytes ($[0,255]$) to ...
31 views

### Proving existence of an encryption scheme that has indistinghuishable multiple encryptions in the presence of an eavesdropper, but is not CPA-secure [duplicate]

I got stuck in trying to find a solution to the 3.7 exercise of the Katz-Lindell book. The exercise also assumes the existence of a pseudorandom function. The problem is that a multiple messages ...
127 views

### How can I generate a good password from a SHA512 hash?

I have to change local administrator passwords on machines. I don't want to store password in a database. I have to generate a password that I can find later to connect to the machine again. So I ...
136 views

214 views

### Question about the key in RC4

I am planning to develop a more secure version of the RC4 algorithm. Since I´m not an encryption expert, I´ld like you to help me find answers to the following questions: Does the value of the key ...
84 views

### Shuffleless PRNG function with non-repeating values?

I need a simple PRNG function of type: Integer = PRNG(n, maxval) as I would like to count from 0 to maxval, not in a linear manner, but in a pseudorandom manner where I still use every value, but ...
60 views

### i cant understand the meaning and the difference between linearity equation and affine and non linearity? [closed]

i cant understand the meaning and the difference between linearity and affine and non linearity equations and what is the meaning of the free term in affine form and how it make the equation non ...
91 views

### Chance to find HMAC key/salt when having knowledge of the hashed data?

I'm not sure how to word this... I'm working with a HMAC (I think of it being a "salted hash"). I know the entire string being hashed, I do NOT know the salt. I also know the first 8 characters of the ...
156 views

### Keys in HMAC and NMAC

I'm quite new to this topic and have several questions concerning HMAC and NMAC: Why does NMAC need two keys? How can it be attacked if we just used some sort of initialization vector instead of the ...
606 views

### Are specially designed fonts sometimes used in cryptography?

As a font designer, I was thinking that it would be very easy to design a special font that could either jumble characters of a language (or of a code) or simply (with the features offered by the OTF ...
9 views

### Does we need IV if we're generating a new Symmetric key for every message? [duplicate]

We need to encrypt individual messages, for every message we: Generate a new AES key Encrypt the message with the key (AES/CBC/PKCS5Padding) Encrypt the symmetric key with with a public key (RSA/...
106 views

### Implementing forward secrecy in OpenPGP with public key authentication

I am trying to consider the feasibility of implementing an encrypted file sharing system, which both provides forward secrecy but also allows public key verification. I am stuck on the marriage ...