# All Questions

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### Flaw in the security definition of *Stateful* Authenticated Encryption?

I'm in search of the correct definition of a stateful authenticated encryption scheme (sAE), and its related security notion. This has been treated several times in the academic literature, however, ...
219 views

### How to prove this LFSR equation?

I am having difficulty solving part (ii) of Excercise 5.17 from Becker's Cipher Systems. Exercise 5.17 $\quad$If $f(x),g(x)$ are any two polynomials over $GF(2)$ with $f(0)=g(0)=1$ show that ...
102 views

### MD5 theoretical question

Ok, so this is a very possible stupid question, but one of those things that has sat at the back of my mind for a while. We all know that MD5 has issues, and these have been known for about a decade. ...
328 views

### Are there any bijective one-way functions not based on number-theoretic hardness assumptions?

I'm trying to find a bijective function $y=F(x)$ which should be easy to compute in one direction but hard to compute in the other, where the one-way property is not based on a number theoretic ...
342 views

### Appropriate AES key length for short term protection

Currently I'm doing some initial research for a fully connected distributed network communication model. The context here is a peer-to-peer multiplayer protocol, using a majority-voting system. More ...
90 views

### How do I know if a given curve requires a FpCurve F2mCurve or ECCCurve?

I'm trying to read a public key into Bouncy Castle (secp256k1) and need to choose from the following objects FpPoint; FpCurve; or ...
135 views

### How do I prove that this PRNG is easily distinguished from a random sequence of numbers (modulo m)?

I was studying Crypto, and this question came up. Using a PRG like the multiplicative congruence generator: $b_{i+1} = a \cdot b_i \mod m$ How do I prove that the output of this PRG, or any PRG's ...
114 views

### Genuine encryption from only one source?

Is there any technique so that if I encrypt data, the ciphertext would be genuine and if someone else tries to encrypt the same data the ciphertext could be determined as fake or just invalid? I want ...
97 views

### What is the security risk if an encryption key is not random?

Ok, I just jumped into crypto and now struggling with some points… I read lots of resources, most of them mention how important the strength of the encryption key is. However, I could not find much ...
1k views

### Two different approaches for Key Expansion using the AES-256 algorithm?

I am implementing AES 256-bit Algorithm from the Theory given in the book, "Cryptography and Network Security" by Behrouz A. Forouzan. The Algorithm described in the Book in relation to ...
218 views

### Can we decrypt in this order when the message is encrypted twice?

If we encrypt a message twice with symmetric key $k_1$ first and then $k_2$ like $E_{k2}\{E_{k1}\{m\}\}$ , ideally we should decrypt with $k_2$ first and then $k_1$ but is it possible to decrypt with ...
343 views

### Is OTP useful in modern electronic communication?

I have seen from time to time questions about various OTP schemes and "OTP" (i.e. stream cipher) schemes. The most common OTP troubles appear to be: How to extend size of previously generated key or ...
156 views

### Repeated Encryption using same/different Encryption systems [duplicate]

I would like to know if there are any security risks/gains from encrypting twice, i.e. $$\text{plaintext}\xrightarrow{encrypt}\text{intermediate text}\xrightarrow{encrypt}\text{ciphertext}.$$ I would ...
345 views

### Is using Ed25519 parameters in ECDSA safe?

I recently discovered the Curve25519 key exchange lib and the Ed25519 signature lib. Due to the speculations about NIST-designed curves, there is a chance that I ditch them and use the curves above ...
197 views

### NP complete problems related to permutations of binary vectors or block ciphers

Recently, T.Gowers wrote a blog entry called "How not to prove that P is not equal to NP" about the Razborov/Rudich Natural Proofs paper. He has a construction where he talks about compositions of ...
474 views

### How do TLS 1.1 and 1.2 generate IVs (initialization vectors) for each record?

According to RFC 4346 Explicit IVs [CBCATT] describes a chosen plaintext attack on TLS that depends on knowing the IV for a record. Previous versions of TLS [TLS1.0] used the CBC ...
146 views

### how much trust can we place in protocol verifiers? [closed]

I read many papers on authenticated key exchange protocols, and most security proofs are done by the authors. In this method, you can imagine that the efficiency is low. Moreover, even if you have ...
347 views

### Does ElGamal Encryption create a different key for each block sent?

I ask about ElGamal algorithm. Is ElGamal algorithm used new key for each encryption process. in other word it should we use new key for each chunk? For example, if we have message that has four block ...
139 views

### Reversing N CRC steps

Starting from a known CRC result(let's call it CRC1), could I undo the CRC operations for last N bits, so I could obtain the CRC (let's call it CRC2) of the message sequence without the last N bits. ...
436 views

### What is adversary's advantage in cryptography and why we use it?

The definition of adversary's advantage seems a bit odd for me and I am wondering why do we use it to measure the power of an adversary rather than just use the probability of a PPT adversary ...
254 views

### Elliptic curve cryptography attack vector

I would expect a complicated answer for what seems like a simple question about Elliptic curve cryptography. I've read several entries here such as "Elliptic curve cryptography related key attacks" ...
453 views

### Generate key pair deterministically from a particular seed [duplicate]

I've been reading "SQRL Secure QR Login" at Gibson's website, and I'm wondering if there is a way to generate an RSA private/public key-pair based on some cryptographically secure input, so that if ...
709 views

### Using Whirlpool hashing function to encrypt data

I've read that the Whirlpool hash function can produce footprints that could be used as a pseudorandom generator. Is it "OK" to use it to encrypt some data using something like the following? ...
383 views

### Can I use SHA1 as license key?

I have recently started looking into creating secure, while not validating against an external server, software product keys. The idea I have had is to create a key consisting of two parts firstly a ...
84 views

### How to get the same calculation result on an untrusted computer, while withholding some information?

Consider this command on a trusted computer: result = function(public data, secret data) or shorter: r = f(p,s). How could a ...
407 views

### Why does openssl BN_generate_prime return only a fraction of the safe primes within the given bit range?

I went into prime generation issues the last week and eventually calculated 10^7 primes using erik tews safeprimegen python wrapper for openssl. (https://github.com/eriktews/gensafeprime) (System: ...
561 views

### What key exchange do OpenSSL and CryptoAPI prefer by default?

Here is what I know. When I connect to a brand-new Linux Web server with Chrome and click the "lock" icon, the key exchange algorithm is described as "ECDHE_RSA". (Yes I know what that is.) When I ...
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### Selecting bijective functions for permutations

How would one go about selecting an appropriate bijective function for introducing permutations into a cipher or hash? For example, $f(x) = x+1 \space mod \space n$ is a bijective function, but isn't ...
976 views

### definition and meaning of semantic security

I'm taking coursera cryptography course. The definition of semantic security is hard to understand. I tried to slightly restate it (the word "efficient" was in the original definition). Do I get it ...
567 views

### Is a PBKDF2-derived master key easier cracked if very many Data Protection Keys are derived from it?

I'm referring the NIST document about PBKDF2, NIST Special Publication 800-132, Recommendation for Password-Based Key Derivation, Part 1: Storage Applications, Page 8 and 9, section 5.4 Using the ...
73 views

### How does the possible attack on passwords and salts mentioned in PKCS#5 v2.1 work?

From PKCS#5 v2.1, 4.1 Salt (page 6, emphasis by me), also in v2.0, RFC 2898: In password-based encryption, the party encrypting a message can gain assurance that these benefits are realized ...
355 views

### Generating IV in TLS 1.2

I'm writing a TLS 1.2 implementation (in C#) using a custom protocol. My question is how to generate the IV attached to each message, I don't want to use RandonNumberGenerator because I've heard it ...
201 views

### Can prepending “junk” be equivalent to an IV when encrypting using CBC?

We are encrypting a small positive integer (1-1000) with a constant key using AES256 encryption. We are considering two approaches to make this secure; use an initial vector (which we then need to ...
66 views