# All Questions

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### Reversing a hash of known hashing algorithm

I am sure this is a very easy thing to do but I am not sure how to go about solving a problem like this, So there is this hash function which operates on a message which is in the form of a byte array ...
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### I am trying to generate a permutation of polynomial with order m

Suppose m = 5 and N = 64. How do I choose the coefficients such that the polynomial is a permutation of nos from 0 to 63.?
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### Combining public key signature schemes and private key encryption

I'm working on my bachelor thesis and I have some questions. I want to combine a CPA-secure private key encryption scheme and some unforgeable public key signature scheme (in my case some sanitizable ...
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### How can I formally verify fuzzy commitment scheme based security protocol?

I am currently working on designing a security protocol which involves usage of fuzzy commitment schemes, for. eg Reed-Solomon codes which allows us to tolerate a certain level of error. I was ...
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### Non primitive lfsr sequence

Given a non-primitive LFSR sequence (i.e number of states is less than $2^n - 1$); how do we find out the the characteristic polynomial? Will Berlekamp-Massey algorithm work in this case? for ...
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### Is a random circuit likely to compute a one-way function?

I remember reading somewhere that (under certain reasonable assumptions) a Boolean circuit with many inputs and outputs (assume equal number for now) chosen at random will be a one-way function with ...
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### ARC4random – ChaCha-based LibreSSL PRG

Here is arc4random.c from the LibreSSL pseudorandom generator as used in OpenBSD. It works as follows: Take 40 "truly random" bytes from OS (PRG seed); Use the seed as key and IV to generate 1024 ...
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### Do 2DES and 3DES2 have the same effective key length?

I am following the notes "Introduction to Modern Cryptography" by Bellare and Rogaway, and on the chapter about blockciphers there is the following claim (page 11 of ...
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### Is authenticated encryption unnecessary if the message is digitally signed?

Normally, it is necessary to use authenticated encryption if the message may be tampered with. Can the authentecation be omitted if the message has been otherwise authenticated?
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### Can RSA (theoretically) be used as a block cipher?

Assume AES gets a devastating attack making it unusable. Is it possible to use RSA in a secure way that can encrypt data in bulk? I can't see how RSA (assuming OAEP padding) can be used in normal ...
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### Question about HMAC with SHA1

I would like to make sure I understood HMAC. Wikipedia declares it like: $$\operatorname{HMAC}(K,m)=H((K\oplus\text{opad})||H((K\oplus\text{ipad})||m))$$ If I want to use HMAC-SHA1, am I correct to ...
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### Is an android encrypted SDcard readable/decryptable easily by a desktop machine?

If I encrypt my SDCard on my android phone using the built-in encryption software, and my phone dies for whatever reason, would I be able to easily by just using the pin/password to access that data ...
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### How to generate a random number so server cannot cheat?

Here is the protocol: Bunch of players connected to server. Server creates nonce and hashes it - send hash to clients as bit commitment. Clients make nonces and send hashes to server as their bit ...
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### Classification of a stream cipher

How would one classify a stream cipher that is neither synchronous, nor self synchronizing? I would have thought asynchronous, but from all the sources I can find, asynchronous is synonymous with ...
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### Help with AES decryption with AES-NI Instructions

I am in process of implementing a AES 128 encryption in AVX2 assembly (using AES NI), and am having some problems with decryption logic. I have implemented the encryption sequence without any trouble. ...
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I need to store passwords for a web application, and was looking at Bcrypt for a possible solution. After some research, it appears only the first 72 bytes influence the final hash output. While it is ...
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### How exactly does certificate based authentication work?

I know the concept of key generation, as well as encryption and decryption using public and private keys. When it comes to authenticating a user by a server, in general there are three types: ...
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### Are low security curves for ECDSA not supported?

I am working in a very bandwidth restricted environment, and we are looking to implement ECDSA digital signatures. Although they are no longer recommended, we might be looking to use curves that are ...
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### Does a “commutative” asymmetric system exist?

Completely crypto noob here. I'm looking for a cryptosystem made of a func f + key1 + key2 such that they satisfy: g(f(msg, key1),key2)=msg g(f(msg, key2),key1)=msg key1 != key2 Does such a ...
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### Encrypt-then-authenticate variant used in IPsec

I am trying to understand the variant of Encrypt-then-Authenticate (EtA) that is used in IPsec. For this I have looked at this chapter. What I got so far is that the integrity and confidentiality ...
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### Security of this scheme

I am developing a software and I am not sure if it is completely secure. I have 22 Mb of data to encrypt used multiple times, random IV (generated using RAND_bytes from OpenSSL lib) and password ...
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### In SSL and TLS, why is there a separate Change Cipher Spec Protocol rather than including a change_cipher_spec message in the Handshake Protocol?

In SSL and TLS, why is there a separate Change Cipher Spec Protocol rather than including a change_cipher_spec message in the Handshake Protocol?