All Questions

138 views

Is this a plausible PBKDF?

Background: Hello, I'm working on a hobby project in which I might want to implement a key derivation function within a somewhat resource limited embedded system. For standard crypto functions, I ...
2k views

Reversing DJB2 Hashes

I have some spare time, and a few hundred DJB2-hashed values sitting around. I thought I'd try to do something "useful" and invert DJB2, such that I could calculate the plaintext of the hashes (which ...
595 views

Does CCA security imply authenticated encryption?

Does CCA security imply authenticated encryption?
127 views

Ballot box with multiple parties. All can read it, or none can read it

I am trying to create a decentralized moderation system for the game Diplomacy, a game for seven players. In each round of a face-to-face game, each player writes their moves on paper then puts it in ...
177 views

How do I construct variable length input (VIL) in a block cipher mode?

I've just been skimming NIST's "Five Confidentiality Modes". I understand those block cipher modes are used to securely encrypt input longer that the block cipher length. However, the common block ...
272 views

ECDSA: How to retrieve a non-random k

I have a question regarding the random $k$ number of ECDSA encryption. As far as I know, it is possible to retrieve $k$ (and thus the private key) from two signed messages if both used the same $k$. ...
217 views

KDF followed by a Hash?

It is my understanding that a KDF adds entropy, whereas a hash loses information. I've read that KDF should be used to store passwords. I don't understand why we don't use a KDF and then a hash, so ...
149 views

Can I decrypt the message having it encrypted with different keys?

I have some encrypted binary data I want to decrypt. I know nothing about it, but I can get it encrypted with as many different (random, unknown) symmetric keys as I want. The keys are long enough to ...
223 views

When is it safe to not use authenticated encryption?

I have read the post Why should I use Authenticated Encryption instead of just encryption? When is it safe to not use authenticated encryption? I assumed hard drive volume encryption or per file ...
204 views

Performance for Subbytes in AES

I´m implementing the AES-encrypt algorithm for the SSE2 instruction set. For the Subbyte function i use movzx, having loaded ...
460 views

Should HMAC or NMAC or plain Keccak be used for a secure MAC?

After some digging around in the HMAC spec I found this (paraphrased): Step 1: If the length of Key equals the block size of the hash function (512 bits/64 Bytes for SHA-256), set the key equal ...
203 views

Encrypting a short phrase into two keys. both with length of 32letters

It doesn't need to be crazy secure. I wanted to figure out if there's a popular practice when encrypting a short phrase (less than 32 letter long) into two keys (two strings 32 length). Doesn't need ...
233 views

Using Stream Cipher as CSPRNG

Are there any guidelines or justification for converting a stream cipher algorithm for use as a CSPRNG? For instance, lets say I wanted to convert one of the eStream portfolio Profile 1 (software) ...
223 views

derangements and permutations in cryptography

Given a partial key for a mono-alphabetic substitution cipher (missing 11 letters), calculate the number $N$ of possible keys, given that no plaintext letter can be mapped to itself. Ordinarily, ...
3k views

How to calculate the maximum output size for data encrypted with a RSA Private Key?

I have an an encryption algorithm I am working with that looks like this: prv_key_enc(sha1_hash(data)) Where, the RSA parameters are: RSA/ECB/PKCS1Padding 1024 ...
345 views

RFC 3526 - What does pi mean?

In RFC 3526 there are a series of primes listed as standard parameters used for Diffie-Helman. The primes are list in two formats. One is the long format, where the number is given in hex. For example:...
610 views

Signature based on public key cryptography and forgery

In the definition of existential unforgeability, there is no detail about the following questions. In general, can we suppose that a signer is also a possible adversary ? When generating a signature, ...
2k views

Perfect Secrecy -> One Time Semantic Security -> Secure PRG

I think I have some sense of what Perfect Security means, and even Semantic Security, but I am struggling with randomness, so I'm going to ask a question about CSPRG's (Cryptographically Secure PRG's) ...
122 views

Does re-iterate AES128 with different keys gives any benefict?

I'm not cryptography expert (well, I'm here after all!) but I have this doubt… Suppose I have 2 different keys: secretkey1 secretkey2 And a plain text: myReallySecretPlainText If I use AES128 ...
193 views

ElGamal in private set intersection: how to handle negative numbers?

I am trying to implement the Efficient Robust Private Set Intersection using Additive ElGamal. For this, from the client side, my inputs are $C = \{1, 2\}$. So, the polynomial is $(x-1)(x-2)$ which ...
334 views

Which is better ECDHE with TLS 1.0

I have a webserver which only supports TLS 1.0 and I am not sure about something: Which is the better cipher in this group when aiming for the best security? ...
397 views

Why have Nonce and why encrypt everything in step 2 for Needham-Schroeder?

Here is the protocol outline I am looking at (source: Foundations of Computer Security, Lecture 60: The Needham-Schroeder Protocol)  \begin{array}{ccl} 1.& A \to S \colon& A,B,N_a \\ ...
399 views

How is the AEScrypt password related to the underlying AES key

AES uses a key that is at most 256 bit. I assume AESCrypt uses AES. When a file is encrypted with AEScrypt, there is no limit to the length of the password. What is the relation between the ...
331 views

Can $r$ and $s$ from an ECDSA signature be negative numbers?

I have an ECDSA implementation in Mathematica over secp256k1 and $r$ and $s$ are always positive numbers. But if you encode them as bytes, the most significant byte can be over ...
142 views

Calculate entropy of key derived from PBKF2 function

I am using PBKF2 to derive a encryption key from a password. suppose entropy of my password is y and my PBKF2 function has x number of iterations. So how to calculate the entropy of finale key derived ...
6k views

Calculation of time to crack SHA-256 hash

A problem is given: 1 million users are authenticated with 9-digit PIN codes (e.g. 343534643). The PIN values are stored as hash values in a database. The hash is SHA-256, and is computed as: ...
1k views

Consider the pairing $e: G_1*G_2 \to G_t$. Why we are mapping element from group $G_1$ and group $G_2$ to an element in $G_t$. How are they used in cryptography? What advantages do they provide?
118 views

Diffie-Hellman for Encryption

In learning how DH works for cryptography applications, I'm coming across some confusing language. For starters, most of the time DH is discussed in the context of "generating" their shared secret. ...
776 views

What are the pros/cons of using symmetric crypto vs. hash in a commitment scheme?

In a commitment scheme, are there any differences on using a symmetric cipher versus using a hash? If at the "opening", I have to reveal $r$ (a random number concatenated with the messaged at the ...
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Signing an integer, which may be increased

I have a 64 bit integer. It has some sort of signature so that one can be sure it is valid. Anyone may increase the integer, update the signature, and remove all trace of the old signature. But it is ...
2k views

What is U2FsdGVkX1?

Using CryptoJS 3.1 I noticed that using 3Des, the encrypted message always start with U2FsdGVkX1 Why is the first part of the encryption always the same? What information does this hold and ...