# All Questions

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### What is the idea behind hashing the QueryString in OAuth?

In OAuth 1.0a and 2.0 using MAC Authorization, I need to generate a hash of all the QueryString Parameters, which requires normalization (alphabetical ordering) of them. I'm trying to understand what ...
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### McEliece information set decoding attack vulnerability

Wikipedia states that McEliece is open to "information set decoding attack". What is an "information set decoding attack" and how serious is the vulnerability? (is it just a matter of choosing proper ...
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### Public-key based on roots of polynomial

In general it's hard to calculate the roots of a given polynomial P(x). But the other way back calculating the coefficients is much easier (Vieta's formulas). If this is a one-way function, is it ...
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### Which of following new (2013) ECC curves is the most secure or efficient?

I read about the following "safe" ECC curves and notably, secp256 and all the NIST curves are marked as "unsafe" when compared to more modern curves. I need a curve for signing or encryption, (or ...
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### Trying to calculate the strength of a Bitcoin brain wallet created with a custom diceware password

I want to create a brain wallet using a custom diceware since I don't like the original one. Instead of 7776 words it has 46656 because I use 6 dice for each word instead of 5, and also it only has ...
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### Is there need for message authentication if a public key is transmitted and then used to encrypt a symmetric key?

First I'd like to note that I'm really a beginner at cryptography, and while this interests me and while I have researched it in the past few months, there is still a lot of things that simply aren't ...
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### AES encryption takes more time to decrypt than encrypt

Please let me know if this is not the right place to ask this question. I will remove it. I am trying to find how much time an AES encryption and decryption takes for a given amount of data and key. ...
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### Which eliptic curves in OpenSSL 1.0.1f meet all / most of the SafeCurves requirements? [closed]

I am using nginx compiled with OpenSSL 1.0.1f (most current release available). Nginx allows administrators to set a configuration parameter called ssl_ecdh_curve, ...
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### Are RSA or ECC vulnerable to an attack where the same (unknown) plaintext is encrypted with multiple public keys?

I'm not sure what this attack model is called - it's not known-plaintext and also not quite cipher-text-only. It is similar to this question except the general case (not just two keys) and using keys ...
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### Is there a flaw in whole disk encryption vs volume or folder encryption? [duplicate]

My company just implemented whole disk encryption on all laptops (Symantec) and the concept seems flawed. Please correct me if I'm wrong, but if I have known file in plain text and that same file in ...
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### Rainbow tables and blowfish

I'm thinking of implementing rainbow tables for a specific blowfish problem, but I have trouble thinking of the proper way to apply the original paper (and its application to hash functions) to ...
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### What is the best way to share a shared secret key over HTTPS to be used for HMAC authentication?

I am writing an application in Java that will be using SHA-1 HMAC message authentication. From what I understand, a connection over HTTPS is considered secure enough to share a secret key in plain ...
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### Parallel-resistant proof-of-work scheme without hidden knowledge

Follow-up to: Parallel-resistant proof-of-work scheme? Is there a proof-of-work scheme that: can only be solved serially; given the solution, can be verified in minimal time; deterministically ...
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### Does “use of SHA-256 in cryptography” imply use of SHA-256 both in HMAC and DH key exchange, assuming these are the only uses of hash in system? [closed]

I am beginner to Cryptography. And recently I came across the requirement like "use of SHA-256 in cryptography". Does "use of SHA-256 in cryptography" imply use of SHA-256 both in HMAC and DH key ...
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### Why should a signature use PSS padding in RSA?

Suppose I send a message using AES (private keys already negotiated securely) and I send a hash of this message using RSA (encrypted with private key) with OAEP to verify the authenticity and ...
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### Which hardware-accelerated AES-GCM implementations support encryption in-place? [closed]

By encrypt in place I mean the following. Suppose I have an input plaintext of length L and I have also allocated an extra E bytes at the start and/or end of the buffer, with E << L. So the ...
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### Is MITM possible after key exchange phase done successfully in RSA?

Is MITM attack theoretically possible after public/private key pair exchange is done successfully. Say Alice and Bob have genuine public keys of each other. Is MITM possible further during ...
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### Random numbers for Master Key and Key_block

Exploration through RFCs concludes that random numbers used in the creation of Master Key and Key Block(Key material for Encryption Key and Mac Secret) are from ServerHello.random and ...
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### Factorization or discrete logarithm is difficult for an attacker?

I have read that difficulty in breaking many algorithms are based either on Factorization or discrete logarithm. I am reading about schemes that are similar to RSA which make use of integer ...
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### A fast non-cryptographic hash function that is “strong enough”?

I'm designing a simple one-time-password mechanism for authentication against a possibly-insecure server - i.e. I don't want to use symmetric shared secrets. The first idea that came into mind was ...
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### Cryptography: Oblivious Transfer with at most one transfer?

I am trying find a transfer method for this problem. Suppose Alice and Bob both has access to a function F with two parameters. Func(x,y) randomly returns "p" to alice and "q" to Bob such that x*y=p ...
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### byte length and offset for k3d3/ed25519 byte[] variables?

I've discovered for myself that java's BigInteger is very slow, so I'm trying to weakly optimize this java implementation of ed25519 which I will fork and post if ...
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### Rabin code same message sent with different $N$

I use Rabin code with modulus $N$. Now assume that Alice sends me a message $m$ $(1\le m\le N)$ encoded by Rabin code. Unfortunately after Alice sent me the text I lose the information about the ...
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### Which is better ECDHE with TLS 1.0

I have a webserver which support only TLS 1.0 Which is the better cipher in this group for the best security? ...
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### Distributed integer factorization?

I'm looking around for publicly published work on factorization of large numbers using distributed systems of any kind. So far I've come across the PDF "Mapreduce for integer factorization" by Javier ...
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### Is allowing a user to specify a Curve25519 signing key secure?

The cryptocurrency Nextcoin has users create Curve25519 signing keys with a minimum length of 70 characters. Is that secure? Would it be better to use a random number generator? Is it possible to ...
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### Is this the proper way to generate an Ed25519 signing key? If not, how?

In the test of this Java implementation of Ed25519, the signing key is generated this way: byte[] sk = new byte[32]; Arrays.fill(sk, (byte)0); Is that correct? ...
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### Binary simmilarity function [closed]

I've been reading about hash functions, but found nothing close to solve this problem - I'm looking for a function with could be used for binary comparison of multiple files / streams of bytes etc. ...
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### Using HMAC-SHA256 with short passwords and sliced outputs for short-lived secure hashing

I don't have much background in cryptography, so forgive me if I'm using the wrong mathematical terms to explain my needs. Following this question, I learned that taking a random secret 16-bytes ...
Considering a CPA-secure version of RSA where the ciphertext is just a rundom element from $Z^*_N$. Does that meet the anonymity requirement in which an cpa adversary cannot distinguish between a ...