# All Questions

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### Machine Learning with Encryption [duplicate]

Machine Learning is sometimes associated with cryptography. Many of such cross field studies have been majorly done in use of machine learning for cryptanalysis/decryption. I am interested in knowing ...
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### File Encryption (EFS method)

I'm implementing (for learning purposes) a file encryptor, which uses the following method (from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Encrypting_File_System). I have 3 kind of keys: RSA public/private, AES ...
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### Non-standard signature security definition conforming ed25519 malleability

According to the paper “High-speed high-security signatures”… Malleability. We also see no relevance of "malleability" to the standard definition of signature security. Aside from the example, ...
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### How to generate initial vectors during DPA attack on stream cipher in real life?

I was trying to understand the procedure of the DPA attack on Stream cipher (like Mickey-128). I learned that, the attacker need to build hypothetical power consumption matrix with different initial ...
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### Storing password or derived key in keychain?

Currently I am developing an application that stores and reads encrypted data. The data is encrypted with AES and the actual AES key is derived from the users password (and some nonce) with PBKDF2 ...
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### Which gives better deterministic encryption SIV or Plain ECB mode?

Lets say , if we encrypt a plain text message $msg$ with key $key$ in below two ways. Which is the below would give better deterministic encryption and why ? AES-ECB($key$ , $msg$) SIV($key$, NIL , ...
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### Known vulnerabilities in (EC-)KCDSA

Does anybody know if there's known vulnerabilities in KCDSA/EC-KCDSA? I have been researching for the past few hours and I haven't found anything. Wikipedia has very limited amount of information and ...
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### For $e(g, d) = c$, can we compute $d$, given others

Given $$e(g, d) = c$$ where, $e$ is bilinear pairing function chosen by the user/attacker, the values of $g$ and $c$ are known $g, d ∈ \mathbb{G}_1$ , $c$ depends upon the $e$ can we somehow ...
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### On the Definition of a PRG and a CSPRG

I've been looking at the definition of a PRG, here. This is a broader notion than a cryptographically secure PRG ("CSPRG"), which is described here. I am realizing that I am very confused by this ...
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### Secret sharing - no dealer, modifiable, verifiable

I need to find a secret sharing scheme with these properties: The scheme is set up by all participants, ie no single entity called the dealer The parameters of secret sharing need to be ...
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### A fast non-cryptographic hash function that is “strong enough”?

I'm designing a simple one-time-password mechanism for authentication against a possibly-insecure server - i.e. I don't want to use symmetric shared secrets. The first idea that came into mind was ...
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### /dev/random only needed for key generation / CPU pattern encryption

Consider the following scenarios: using OpenSSL to encrypt a file with Rijndael-256 using LUKS to encrypt a hard-drive that is used every day Exactly when is entropy from ...
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### One-Time-Pad with key-reuse: Faster way of decrypting?

I know there are already of few questions about this and I'm working with the advices that were given but I still doubt my approach is the fastest, so I'd really appreciate if you helped me find a ...
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### How do you distribute secret shares without knowing who to first distribute them to?

Figure 1 on page 1249 of the “Multiparty Computation Secure Against Continual Memory Leakage” paper shows $m$ committees are elected in step 1 and then later in step 3 are each given a secret share. ...
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### Using HMAC to secure a “widget”

Let's say I have a web "widget" that a customer could include on their website. They would include the widget by adding an iframe that points to a URL on my site. I want to ensure that my widget can ...
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### Hierarchical Encryption

Is there a way to setup a hierarchical encryption using public key encryption? Let's say a higher level user can decrypt messages encrypted by lower level users. Is that possible? I guess it is only ...
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### A confusion about linear span of modified de Bruijn sequence

Recently i'm reading "Cryptographically Strong de Bruijn Sequences with Large Periods" . In the section 2 2.1 Basic Denitions and Properties , property 1 says that ...
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### Rabin/RSA four possible messages?

Given this encryption method: $$f_{N,e} : Z^{*}_{N} \to QR(N)^{*};\quad f_{N,e}(x) = x ^{2e} \bmod N$$ I need to show that, for any $x_{0} \in Z^{*}_{N}$, there are four elements $x \in Z^{*}_{N}$ ...
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### Design requirements for a keyed hash function?

I am actually preparing for a cryptography exam, and I found a question asked by the professor in the class, below are the lines that I copied from the slide : Example: Let $Ek$ be the encryption ...
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### Bit commitment with 1-out-of-2 oblivious transfer

I know a protocol for bit commitment using regular OT (Bob has 1/2 chance of learning the bit Alice transferred to him) which goes like this: COMMITMENT PHASE Alice chooses a bit $b$ For ...
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### how to truncate a PRF on n bits to PRF on t bits where t < n? [closed]

Dan Boneh's courersa lecture on format preserving encryption at 5.50 mins , talks about truncating a PRF on $n$ bits to PRF on $t$ bits. The approach is by appending $(n-t)$ zeros to input $t$ bits ...
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### Bellovin 96' attack on IPsec ESP protocol on encryption only option

Can you explain the actual attack? Why does the attacker need to firstly send some arbitrary UDP packet? How can the attacker break the privacy between A and B? Link: The article of Bellovin I'm ...
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### Are there public $p$ and $q$ numbers for use in DSA?

There are many RFC documents giving large primes to use in Diffie-Hellman. However, I couldn't find standards on the $p$ and $q$ large primes used in the DSA signature scheme. This is proving to be a ...
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### Any functioning system for interactive proof?

My problem is to outsource an array of data and ask the prover to sort the data. I am wonder if there is any working system out there that support interactive proof for the above computation? Or if ...
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### Protocol/algorithms based on a variable-length input PRF

Are the proofs based on a PRF assumption still valid when using a variable-length input PRF ? The answer might be obvious, but I have a doubt.
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### What role plays Quantum Fourier Transformation in Shor's integer factorization algorithm?

I cannot seem to understand the role or goal of Quantum Fourier Transformation in Shor's integer factorization algorithm. Is it used to collapse all quantum states into one, in which it has a factor ...
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### Are any Certificate Authorities using 4096 bit keys for their intermediate and root certificates? [closed]

Are any Certificate Authorities using 4096 bit keys for their intermediate and root certificates? I know you can, of course, use a 4096 bit key for your server certificate, but I usually see 2048 bit ...
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### How do I enable AES-NI (hardware acceleration) for Node.js crypto on Linux? [closed]

I wrote a basic function to test the speed of the AES-256-CBC mode of the Node.js built-in crypto functions. These functions use OpenSSL, so they should support AES-NI, but when I correctly enable ...
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### Question about modifying the MD5 plain text to cause a collision

I was trying to understand MD5 and got stuck with this question, its from Michael sipser's book on Information security Principles and Practice, 2nd edition The MD5 collision in Problem 25 is said ...
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### Understanding elliptic curve encryption

I'm having a hard time understanding the elliptic curve encryption. One thing thing I don't understand is listing all the points on the curve (mod p). Suppose I have the following elliptic curve: y^2 ...
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### Detail about reactive simulatability framework

I'm trying to understand the framework of reactive simulatability using *"PfWa2_00AsyncModel"* from this publication which is a tech report behind the paper A model for Asynchronous Reactive Systems ...
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### Can you help me understand this “Message Modiﬁcation by Meet-in-the-Middle” related to Tiger Hash? [closed]

I found this paper that explains how to attack a reduced round tiger hash, but I'm having a hard time understanding some of the mathematical notation. Could someone explain the section "Message ...
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### Precise meaning of various terms related to universal hash functions

I've been reading about universal hashing, but I'm confused by all these different terms and notations. Could someone help me understand the precise meaning or relation between the following terms: ...
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### Integer factorization based password authentication

After looking at this security issue at DjangoProject, I started to think in a password-based authentication that places the burden of PBKDF2 (or whatever is the hashing function) on the client. So I ...
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### How does identification currently work with the German identity card? [closed]

Since 18th of December 2010 Germany makes use of an identity card that should allow electronic authentication: (image source: commons.wikipedia.org) From a users perspective, the authentication ...
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### partial-domain permutation and strong assumption

Quoting "Verified Security of Redundancy-Free Encryption from Rabin and RSA", Chapter 2 (on page 4): OAEP was proved IND-CCA-secure by Fujisaki et al. [28] under the assumption that the underlying ...
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### Security of a 3-party key exchange protocol

I am trying to find attacks on a theoretical protocol or prove its security. An initiator wants to establish a shared key with a responder with help of a trusted server. We have the following roles: ...
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### Jumblar: Using map locations as passwords

I had the idea of converting map locations into passwords. Basically Jumblar takes a hash of the user's location and stores this as a comment on the PGP network. The 'stored-hash'(Vague-Hash) ...
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### BLS signatures in the G-valued Random Oracle Model

This paper on semi-generic algorithms considers "non-standard properties of the employed hash function". For BLS signatures whose main group is $G$, I'm curious what can be shown when the hash ...
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### Is this ECC encryption key sharing method okay?

Is this encryption key sharing okay to use? Or is much better to use ECIES? $G$ = base point $a$ = Alice’s private key $b$ = Bob’s private key $A = aG$ = Alice’s public key $B = bG$ = Bob’s public ...
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### Ideal system for an encryption scheme

What is the ideal system for an encryption scheme? For a pseudorandom permutation the ideal one is a random permutation, for a pseudorandom function the ideal one is a random function. For an ...
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### inverse problem about scalar multiplication on elliptic curve

Let $E$ be an elliptic curve over a finite field $F_p$. Given $n$ be a positive integer and $Q$ be a point on $E$, assume that $Q=nP$, how can we find this $P$? We can assume that $n|p-1$. If $n$ is ...
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### Is this any recognizable encoding or cipher? [closed]

I've been watching the Marble Hornets videos on YouTube (basically, an independent film series about a group of kids chased by the "Slender Man"), and in this video I saw something interesting. ...
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### Is it possible to derive the midstate of a sha256 hash?

Let's say I have an unknown string with the known sha256-hash of it. I was wondering if it was possible to now calculate the sha256 of the concatenation of the unknown string and "abc". (In PHP: ...
### PKC McEliece + $S$ + $P$ [closed]
I am trying implement the McEliece crytosystem in SAGE. My question is How I will be able to choose the appropriate matrix $S$ and $P$?. I ask this because when I trying obtain the vector $\hat{m}=mS$ ...