# All Questions

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### What is the non-programmable random oracle model?

I would like to know the difference between the random oracle model and the non-programmable random oracle model. ​ What is the difference?
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### Finding all polynomials up to a given degree to generate a bit sequence

Consider the following bit sequence: 00100000110 Using Berlekamp-Massey algorithm we can find the following minimal degree polynomial: $P(x)=x^6 + x^5 + x^4 + 1$ Now, is there a way to find all ...
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### Password manager that uses a mix of long and short key derivation functions

I was reading "A Convenient Method for Securely Managing Passwords, Halderman et al., 2005". In short, the authors say to do the following: ...
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### Quantum complexity of LWE

As per my understanding LWE is quantum secure because there is no known quantum algorithm to solve LWE in polynomial time. Due to the reductions given by Regev et al. If there is any algorithm that ...
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### Are analog quantum computers a threat to RSA and DLP?

We already know that D-WAVE's "quantum computers" can't really run the Shor's algorithm, because the way they're built doesn't qualify them as universal quantum computers. Now researchers actually ...
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### Salting Hash stored on RFID tag?

In my application, I am trying to prevent counterfeit widgets from being used on our gadgets; think HP ink-cartridges. I will be doing such with UHF RFID tags embedded in the widgets. Unfortunately, ...
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### Security Proof in Fuzzy Identity Based Encryption?

Been having a great deal of difficulty understanding the use of simulators to prove security of ABE schemes so I though I would start from the first ABE paper (Fuzzy Identity Based Encryption) to try ...
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### Conditional probability with Vigenere Cipher given specific plaintexts and key sizes

Apologies if this should be in the Mathematics stack exchange, I just ask it here because the context is cryptography. Here is the question that I seemingly cannot get correct: Consider the ...
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### Conditions for Perfect Secrecy with the Vigenere Cipher

Please forgive my ignorance here as I'm far from a math major and I've never looked into cryptography before so if this seems stupid - it probably is. There is a question in a quiz I'm attempting that ...
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### Questions about length key of RSA 2048 bit

I use putty gen to generate RSA key, I choose length of key is 2048 bit, it generate public key: ...
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### proof of correctness Ring-LWE cryptosystem

I've been studying Ring-LWE based crytposystems such as the one in this paper, but I can't seem to find/come up with a proof of correctness for this particular scheme. The encryption goes as follows: ...
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### Forgery attack against Textbook RSA with simple redundancy

I know how to forge vanilla Textbook RSA message signatures (easy). I've learnt that by adding a good redundancy to the message, it cannot be forged anymore. How can one add redundancy so that the ...
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### Diffie-Hellman combined with DSA/RSA

we have learned Diffie-Hellman, RSA and DSA (Digital Signature Algorithm) in university. Because DH is vulnerable of Man-in-the-Middle we had the task to program the DH combined with RSA to protect ...
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### Can I use the Sequence Number as the (implicit) IV in AES-GCM IPsec?

The RFC https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4106#page-5 states that, under AES-GCM IPsec, each packet is expanded by 8 bytes for the IV and up to 16 bytes for the ICV. Why? Since we already have a ...
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### tripartite diffie hellman with Weil pairing

I try to understand how the tripartite Diffie-Hellman key exchange works. I read Joux's paper for this: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/A-One-Round-Protocol-for-Tripartite-Diffie-Hellman-Joux/...
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### What is the most efficient attack on NTRU?

So, I got how finding the private key is equivalent to resolving the SVP. I also understood that the LLL algorithm can only be used in small dimensions. Now, I wonder what is the most efficient attack ...
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### Change initial hash value of SHA512/t

Fips 180-4 defines under 5.3.6 how to calculate initial hash values for SHA512/t for a given value t. Can someone explain me how the t actually affects the outcome of the procedure (which, as far as I ...
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### What does this notation stand for when describing a code?

This code has appeared in some online course material. I understand the $(5, 4, 3)$ refers to (length, num codewords, distance) but no explanation of the $Z_2^5$ notation is given: One $(5,4,3)$ ...
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### factorization of an integer $N$ that is in special format

Suppose $p_0$ and $q_0$ are known prime numbers and define $p_i$ and $q_i$ as follows: $$p_{i+1} = next\_prime(p_i^2 + q_i^2), \qquad i \ge 0$$ and $$q_{i+1} = next\_prime(2p_iq_i), \qquad i \ge 0$$ ...
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### Are public key and private key exchangeable? [duplicate]

If I get a key pair from RSA algorithm, can I make Private-Key public, and keep Public-Key secret without breaking the security of encryption and signature?
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### Nonce for AES GCM to prevent replay attacks

I am wanting to encrypt a message with a pre shared key that uses AES GCM from the OpenSSL library to do so. I generate my key for the AES crypto via hashing my pre shared key with a salt using the <...
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### What is the best approaches to find the type of a Cipher / Encryption? [duplicate]

There are many known and unknown encoding and encryption types / algorithms. When the algorithm is known, then at least it gives some direction or approach on what to do next to obtain the plaintext ...
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### Are there any high level memory-hard PBKDF constructions?

The PBKDF2 construction from PKCS #5 v2 has the convenient feature that it can be implemented using only standard interchangeable cryptographic primitives. Specifically, it only requires the ...
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### Error Detection/Correction Code-Then-Encrypt

I've just studied about the error correction schemes and encryption. First rule when using EDC/ECC is to first encrypt and then calculate them, and the major motivation we were told is that "EDC/ECC ...
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### Secure Cipher Suites supported by JDK versions [closed]

I'm a n00b to cryptography. I've been searching through oracle's java docs, ssl labs, googling and more googling attempting to find an up to date list of cipher suites considered secure for the ...
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### What is the recommended number of iterations for Argon2?

I've recompiled my operating system ("LionBSD" based on FreeBSD) to use Argon2i as the default password hashing algorithm in crypt/libcrypt. I'm wondering what the recommended number of iterations ...
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### How much bandwidth is used in a typical IKE/ISAKMP initialization?

How much bandwidth is used in a typical IKE/ISAKMP initialization? How many UDP packets are sent in each direction, and what is their typical size? I'm referring to initialization of IPsec via IKE/...
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### what kind of custom header add to encrypted file to identify my encryption,consider safe and reliable.like pseudo format extension or file size

I want to add some custom header to encrypted file to identify my encryption,consider safe and reliable.like pseudo format extension or file size.Is there any algorithm or tool to make it?
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### After a diffie hellman key exchange, what is the common secret used for?

What is the common secret that is established used for? What types of interactions are now possible?