# All Questions

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### This question about combining cryptography and steganography

In combining $RSA$ system into $LSB$ steganography system in bmp image, Since every pixel of image is beteen $[0,255]$ integer numbers, if we choose $p$ and $q$ that $N=p*q>255$, How embedding ...
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### Recover secret $x$ when $c\equiv m^x \pmod p$ with public $p$ (modified)

Given an encryption system where $c\equiv m^x \pmod p$, $p$ is a known prime, 1. Is it possible to recover $x$ with a known plaintext attack? Given $(p,\text{factorization of }\varphi(p),m,c)$ 2. Is ...
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### (Non-) Perfect Secrecy of Vernam Cipher Using $E(m) = m \oplus k \oplus \operatorname{rev}(k)$

Given the cipher $$E(k, m) = m \oplus k \oplus \operatorname{rev}(k)$$ where $\operatorname{rev}(k)$ is the reversed binary of $k$, how would one prove that the cipher is not perfectly secret. I ...
3k views

### Why does my SSH private key still work after changing some bytes in the file?

I (for a test) just randomly altered a private RSA key by opening it up in Vim and changing a few bytes. It is the private part of an SSH key pair used for logging in on a remote system. Puzzlingly, ...
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### Which values are used for an elgamal cryptosystem public key?

I know that – within the elgamal cryptosystem – the values of $a$ and $b$ are public. But which values are used to create public keys?
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### Why can’t the public key exponent in RSA be negative?

I am looking at why certain public keys in RSA can't be used, such as: 2 and all other even numbers (since $\gcd(\phi,e)$ must equal 1) 1 (since the cipher text would equal the message) 0 (since the ...
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### Plain text size limits for AES-GCM mode just 64GB?

Based on NIST SP 800-38D section 5.2.1.1, it seems that the maximum length of plaintext is 2^39-256 bits ~ 64 GB. We've got 100+GB files in genomics that need to be GCM encrypted so are concerned ...
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### What can I do to improve my encyption method [closed]

I'm new to cryptography and I want to learn more. For me, the best way to learn about something that I have no experience with is to experiment and I've coded a very basic approach to a simple ...
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### A general definition for cryptocurrencies

I am trying to find the definitions to several terms related to digital currencies. Unfortunately, I am always ending up on Bitcoin-oriented pages and websites which only take Bitcoin itself into ...
444 views

### What is the advantage of digital signatures over message authentication codes?

Studying for CISSP these choices seemed limited: What is the advantage of digital signatures over message authentication codes? Digital Signature provides integrity verification while ...
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### Is it secure to use hexadecimal data for IV instead of raw binary?

Is it safe and secure to use a function like bin2hex (which converts binary data to hexadecimal) on the binary output of functions like ...
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### RSA: Proving that $p+q-1 < 3 \sqrt{N}$, where N = pq and p,q are prime?

I'm doing some research into attacks on the RSA cryptosystem and have stumbled across Wiener's attack. Within the proof there exists the statement "$p+q-1 < 3\sqrt{N}$". No proof is given for ...
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### Creating a custom 2 way encryption class [closed]

I am trying to make a simple 2 way encryption function that currently uses a substitute cipher for the encryption and an inverse substitution for the decryption. I want to move away from this ...
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### What is PCT_SSL_CIPHER_TYPE_1ST_HALF?

I'm writing a tool to do security posture assessments of SSL/TLS services, and ran into an interesting result. I ran through all defined cipher suites to test which could be negotiated (like sslscan ...
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### How to calculate d in RSA for my number with this [duplicate]

I took the p&q value as 61 & 53 and n=3233 e=17 d=? How to find it? Plz help me...
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### Do we have anyway of knowing if avoiding self-permutation in RC4 makes it any stronger?

OK, so lots of questions get asked about RC4 but I want to make mine specific and hopefully answerable. RC4 Design as I'm sure anyone reading this knows, uses self permutation in stage 1 of the KSA. ...
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### Choise enother scheme to basises of lattice cryptosystem

In the lattice cryptosystem to find a good or bad basis we apply "hadamard Ratio". But in high dimension computing of this ratio is hard. dose any other scheme exist to solve this problem?
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### What is an impure NIST true random number generator?

I'm working on a true random number generator, and I came across this phrase in the American NIST guide, in section 6.4.1 Non-Approved Conditioning Components: The entropy rate provided shall be ...
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### Is frequency analysis the only attack on a simple substitution cipher?

I understand that "anagramming" is often used after frequency analysis of a traditional substitution cipher, but anagramming requires prior frequency analysis to provide a starting point. Is there any ...
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### How to extract public key from attestation certificate to use it for signature verification? [migrated]

I want to extract the public key from a certificate to verify a given signature (to answer my own question in relation to the registration part). I've tried ...
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### Why IV does not have to be secret yet has to be random [duplicate]

The IV used in schemes such as CBC has to be random and unpredictable. But at the same time it does not have to be kept secret. If the IV does not have to be secret, why does it have to be random ...
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### Rule 30 Cellular Automaton for Cryptography

Steven Wolfram of Mathematica uses a pseudorandom number generator based on Rule 30 for applications in Mathematica software but I would like to know if a pseudorandom generator based on Rule 30 is ...
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### What is the difference between MACTripleDES and TripleDES?

I was asked to encrypt/decrypt a string using MACTripleDES. Is there any difference between MACTripleDES and TripleDES? If, where exactly is the difference between both?
Suppose I have two values to be hashed, $x$ and $y$. Is there a hash function $H$ with the following properties? $H(x) = H(y), \; H(m(x)) \neq H(m(y))$ Where $m$ is a permutation function that may ...