All Questions

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FileVault AES-XTS decryption with cipher text that's missing a part

My mac was recently upgraded to OS X Yosemite and FileVault2 full disk encryption was turned on. Encryption finished, but things went horribly wrong and key parts of the disk are filled with all 0s ...
157 views

RSA key pair generation and FIPS 140-2, 186-4

I need to securely generate RSA key pair and I need to have access to private exponent in order to process it further. What's the difference in FIPS 140-2 and FIPS 186-4 in connection with RSA key ...
58 views

Beginner question about secure communication with one user using DES

I am currently learning about encryption and I was asked a question: If a user wants to securely communicate with another user but only uses a DES crypto system. With no shared DES key with the other ...
52 views

Implementing modular reductions (n*n) [closed]

I'm implementing a public key cryptosystem in a proprietary System On Chip that only allows modular reductions by $n$. However, that cryptosystem requires ($n^2$) modular reductions. Perhaps someone ...
24 views

What is the difference between any secret sharing scheme and arithmetic secret sharing scheme

It looks like that only difference between two of them the variables. But it does not make sense for me and I could not find exact definition of arithmetic secret sharing scheme. I mean what exactly ...
39 views

Security of integrity protection with HMAC vs AEAD

I'd like to know how the security of the integrity protection compares between: HMAC-SHA-256 with an 32 byte tag or a truncated 16 byte tag AES-GCM with a 16 byte tag AES-CCM with a 16 byte tag or ...
53 views

Can CKM_RSA_PKCS signature be made secure by lowering its maximum input size?

The CKM_RSA_PKCS Mechanism in PKCS#11 v2.20 section 12.1.6 PKCS #1 v1.5 RSA is a signature scheme commonly used to implement RSASSA-PKCS1-v1_5 of PKCS#1 signature of data hashed externally to a ...
88 views

Self verifying hash algorithm

For quite some time I've been thinking about the idea to construct a hashing algorithm that contains its own checksum value, and thereby can verify itself. With hashing algorithms like SHA1 and MD5 ...
53 views

Why are modes of operation used, what attacks do they prevent?

I know you always need to use a mode of operation when using a block cipher, AES for example, and Wikipedia has a good explanation for what modes of operation are Now I know if i do not use a mode of ...
20 views

Reordering of multiple signed blocks

I would like to refer you to page 430 of the Handbook of Applied Crypto, where the authors said "... reordering of multiple signed blocks presents a security risk..." This statement was made in ...
37 views

Is this discrete log generalization a well known cryptographic assumption?

Assume you have a finite group $\mathbb{G}$ and an integer $n$. Given $g_1,\dots,g_n,t$ chosen uniformly from $\mathbb{G}$, consider the problem of finding a vector $(a_1,\dots,a_n)\in \mathbb{Z}^n$ ...
93 views

Repair AES-128 decrypted file

I decrypted a file which was encrypted with OpenSSL and AES-128 with the wrong password. Before I noticed it was the wrong password I removed the original file. Is there a possibility to reproduce the ...
428 views

Is the 1st Encrypted Block Less Secure Than Subsequent Ones?

It's my understanding that Electronic Code Book (ECB) produces similar cypher text for similar plaintext inputs which is not a good thing. To get around that, Cypher Block Chaining (CBC) can be used ...
87 views

Inconsistent terminology for ciphers and algorithms

I've been baffled by all the different kinds of names which are given to cryptographic algorithms. There are block ciphers and stream ciphers (AES and RC4). There is symmetric and asymmetric ...
628 views

Encrypt-then-MAC: Do I need to authenticate the IV?

In the setting of Encrypt-then-MAC, do I need to include the IV in what I'm HMACing, or is authenticating just the AES-encrypted data sufficient?
104 views

Is creating a own protocol safe or should TLS always be used?

The more I start to learn about cryptography the more I hear it is unsafe to 'create' your own cryptographic protocol. With this I mean combining cryptographic primitives like HMAC, AES and RSA ...
235 views

Composing two one-way functions such that the result is not a one-way function

Is it possible to have two distinct one-way functions (called, say, $h$ and $g$) such that their composition $h \circ g = [\, x \mapsto h(g(x)) \,]$ is not one-way?
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How to compute accumulated values in bilinear map accumulators

How to compute $g^{1/(e_1+s)}$, where $g$ is the generator of group $\mathbb G$, and $e_1$ and $s$ are keys? I know only $s$ and $g^{e_1}$, not $e_1$. $\mathbb G$ has prime order for some prime $p$ ...
38 views

Workaround to implementing Forward Secrecy

In the case where I am self-signing my digital certificates, if I just change my certificate (generate a new one) every week or month, will this have (sort of similar to) the same effect as ...
51 views

What is the probability of finding 4 equal bytes? [closed]

Is it $2^{-32}$ or $2^{-24}$ as one byte is assumed to take a given value and the remaining 3 bytes should have the same value?
31 views

Possible to determine the encryption key that was used by knowing the input and output of the encryption mechanism? [duplicate]

Assume that a malicious user knows what string is being encrypted (a user_id, for example, which the user can know) and can also see the result of the encryption (the encrypted user_id that is used to ...
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Reusing the random exponent for ElGamal encryption with different plaintexts

In the basic ElGamal encryption scheme, we encrypt a message $m$ as $(g^r, h^r m)$, where $g$ is the group generator and $h$ is the public key of the recipient. If the sender has another message $m'$ ...
105 views

CTR HMAC SHA256 implementation

After trying to invent my own AES mode, I decided to just implement something that's known to work, namely CTR with HMAC SHA256. From what I understand, I can use the IV as a counter, and the IV ...
49 views

AES-128/192 safer than AES-256 in practice? [duplicate]

Related-key attacks can break AES-192 and AES-256 with complexities 2^176 and 2^99.5, respectively. Quote from: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advanced_Encryption_Standard It seems that more ...
186 views

When is a cipher considered broken?

We've all read how some people claim AES is broken because there was supposedly a way to get the plain text from a cipher text faster than brute-force. But is this the definition? Is a cipher broken ...
67 views

Keeping the key and IV safe when AES256 encrypting publicly known data

I am encrypting some publicly known data, and some private data using the same key, using AES256 with CBC. An attacker does not have the ability to choose what the public data is. Is this safe? (It ...
39 views

Security implications of public nonce

I'm planning to use the crypto_box() functions of Nacl (or, alternatively, the crypto_box_easy() functions of libsodium) to ...
128 views

Known plaintext, unknown 128 bit block cipher

I have an encrypted configuration file from an embedded device which I'm trying to decrypt. The file seems to be encrypted in 128bit blocks, as changing a single option causes a 16 byte block to ...
25 views

Transport SA bundled inside a tunnel with encryption applied before authentication?

For IPsec I am considering different formats of ESP encryption and authentication. I am not sure what happens with "Transport SA bundled inside a tunnel with encryption applied before ...
247 views

Why is AES unbreakable?

Why is it said that AES is unbreakable? Brute force attacks would take years to crack it, so is it possible to crack it if the computational speed of machines increase in the following decade?
34 views

how to integrate 2-3 algorithms to encrypt large data fastly and securely insted using AES? [closed]

I am thinking to build an encryption algorithm which take less time when encrypt large data such as video,mp3 and which has security credential.
44 views

What work goes into creating new asymmetric cryptosystems?

It's seems to me that it is rather easy to create a symmetric encryption algorithm (though not necessarily a secure one). They're a dime a dozen. The number of asymmetric encryption algorithms ...
39 views

Separate keys for encryption and MAC? [duplicate]

I use HMAC(ciphertext)+ciphertext for authenticated encryption. The same key is used for both MAC and encryption. Is that right? Is using separate keys for MAC and encryption necessary or any good? ...
93 views

How do SignRecover and VerifyRecover work?

In PKCS#11, there are the SignRecover and VerifyRecover methods, where the data can be recovered from the signature. How do these methods work? Can I implement signrecover and verifyrecover with ...
48 views

Can IGE mode be parallelized?

As far as I know, in IGE mode (infinite garble extension) each block depends on the previous one. In that case, can the encryption be parallelized? Is there some way to do it?
20 views

Looking for an adjustable compute bound decryption function

I'm looking for a way to decrypt data, but make it require varying amounts of CPU power to do so. Maybe this could be illustrated as e(m) = m' and ...
110 views

Problem with testing MD5 collisions

I am trying to test MD5 collisions presented in “Collisions for Hash Functions MD4, MD5, HAVA” (PDF) by Xiaoyun Wang, Dengguo Feng, Xuejia Lai, Hongbo Yu; 2004. I wrote a PHP script to test it, but ...
35 views

What is the best authentication logic to analyze RFID (randomized hash-lock) authentication protocol?

What is the best authentication logic to analyze RFID (Randomized hash-lock) authentication protocol, (Ban logic, GNY logic, SVO logic, VO logic, AT logic) or another one?
132 views

Is there a format preserving cryptographically secure hash?

I want a way to 'scramble' strings (like words, names) in a predictable way but I don't ever want to (myself or anyone else) be able to 'unscramble' the strings. I found that perhaps what I am ...
92 views

Will SHA1 or Other Hash Functions Ever Contain Quotes [closed]

I feel foolish asking this, but will the hash generated by SHA-1 or other encryption methods ever have the possibility of containing a quote? Or any other characters that may be escaped such as ", ', ...
40 views

Is the half-homomorphic property of RSA a problem for blind RSA signatures?

For blind RSA signatures, is it problematic that RSA is half-homomorph? Take a scenario where blind RSA signatures are used for something like a voting procedure or this proposal: Lots of people, ...
80 views

Defence against timing attacks

I know this is a difficult subject but would a good defense against timing attacks be not sending a message if the decryption or authentication fails? So if the attacker provides a wrong HMAC for ...
38 views

AES mode scheme feedback [duplicate]

I've been studying encryption on a hobby basis, and wanted to know if I got this basic cypher construction right (this is another experiment, see the AES ECB experiment thread earlier). Encryption: ...